• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.275-280
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• 2014

Because ammonia in water body can cause water pollution as a result of generating ammonium ion, it is of importance in the management of water quality. This work performed to analyze the ammonium ion by measuring the color band length on the basis of modifying the indophenol method. When 1-naphthol was employed as a coloring agent, the maximum absorbance was shown near 720nm, where the proper injection was in the range of 0.5-1.5ml. About 80% of absorbance was observed after the color development was made within the 20 minutes. In the manufacturing of coloring agent, the proper concentration of NaOH was 1.5-2.5M, and the effect of pH on the color development is negligible. In addition, the color development was effectively in the region of room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.522-530
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• 2001

발굴된 과거 고려청자의 화학성분조성과 물리적 특성에 대한 평가를 하고 미량성분의 청자의 발색에 미치는 영향을 고찰한 결과, 고려 청자 태토는 Fe$_2$O$_3$가 2%, TiO$_2$가 0.8% 함유되어 있었으며, 청자유는 석회.장석유로서 Fe$_2$O$_3$가 1.0~1.2%, TiO$_2$가 0.16% 포함되어 있었다. 비색청자의 경우 미량성분인 MnO$_2$가 P$_2$O$_{5}$의 함량이 0.37%와 0.76%, CuO는 300~500ppm 정도 함유하고 있었다. 반사율 측정 결과 일반적인 청자가 540~570nm의 장파장대에서의 반사율이 급격히 떨어지는데 반하여, 13세기 비색 청자의 것은 적색 파장대에서 10%이상 높았다. CoO는 미량 첨가로도 유약의 청색 파장대 반사율이 높고, 적색 파장대의 반사율이 급격히 떨어지며 청자 발색에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. CuO는 0.05%를 첨가했을 경우 적색 파장대에서 반사율 곡선이 높게 나타나고 있어 비색 청자발색에 효과적이었다. 또한 명도를 나타내는 L*값도 CuO가 첨가된 유약이 가장 높았고, 비색청자의 색상은 녹청자에 비해 맑고 깊은 색감을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2006

In this paper, magenta coupler was prepared by the reaction of 1-(2,4,6-Trichlorophenyl)-3-(5-amino-2-chloroanilino)-5-pyrazolone with 2,4-di-tert-pentyl-phenoxy butanoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as melting point, elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and GC-mass spectrometer. The reaction of magenta coupler with CD-3 (color development agent) was shown magenta color.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

The Folin-Denis assay using the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent has been commonly used for analyzing the total phenolic compound content in various food products. In the present study, the effects of proteins on the reactivity of the F-C reagent with different phenolic compounds were investigated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) or skim milk proteins showed a concentration-dependent increase in color response in the Folin-Denis assay; these proteins decreased the color response of most phenolic compounds tested. The reactivity of phenolic compounds was significantly less pronounced in the presence of BSA and this interference was greater at higher concentrations of phenolic compounds. The reactivity of phenolic compounds with the F-C reagent was reduced significantly by their oxidation; the reaction of the oxidized products with the F-C reagent was more severely affected by BSA. The interfering effects in the Folin-Denis assay might be attributable to binding interactions of phenolic compounds with proteins.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.340-341
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• 2000

환경부에서 규제하고 있는 악취규제물질 중 자극적이며 화장실에서 나는 냄새와 유사한 성격을 가진 암모니아는 식품 및 화학공장 둥의 산업시설은 물론 환경기초시설, 대규모 농수산시장 등에서 발생하여 생활환경에서 빈번하게 감지할 수 있는 대표적인 악취유발물질의 하나이다. 이러한 암모니아를 분석할 수 있는 방법은 피리딘-피라졸론법, 네슬러법, 인도페놀법, CG-FTD법 둥 여러 실험방법이 제안되고 있으나 공기를 강제적으로 흡입하여 붕산흡수액과 접촉시켜 암모니아를 채취하고, 발색시약과의 반응에 의해 생성되는 푸른색의 인도페놀을 측정하여 암모니아를 정량하는 인도페놀법이 가장 광범위하게 이용되고 있다. (중략)

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2016

In order to clarify the availability of heat treatment for catechu dyeing, effect of color developing by heating process on cotton fabrics dyed with catechu extract was investigated. Dyed fabrics were heated various time(min) at $150^{\circ}C$. The cases of non-mordanting and mordanting were compared, and examined the effect of sodium acetate as an agent to promote the color developing to fabrics. Experiments with after-mordanting method showed that various colors can be obtained using catechu. K/S values of dyed fabrics with Al, Cu, Fe mordant were higher than the case of no mordant. The fabric by Cu mordanting showed 3 times to the case of no mordant. Fabrics dyed with catechu by mordanting lowered $L^*$ value while there was little change in $a^*$, $b^*$ value as the heating process progressed. Therefore, K/S values were increased due to heating process. The effects of adding sodium acetate in dyeing bath on dyed fabrics were shown higher K/S values, and the $L^*$ values were lower than those without sodium acetate according to heating time increase. The result show sodium acetate had a promoting effect on the color developing to the fabrics by heating process, it was very effective.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.646-652
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• 2017

In order to clarify an availability of water treatment for persimmon extract dyeing, effect of color developing by water treatment process on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon extract was investigated. Dyed fabrics were dipped still water and circulation water in various temperature. Concerning water color developing, still water color developing and circulation water color developing have been examined, and the temperature of water has been apprehended to prepare an effective basis of water color development. The surface color based on circulation water color development displays low values of $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$, and the range of the c value(Munsell chroma) is narrow and has the value of 2 to 3, thus displays the coloration of a dark tone. The effect of temperature in water color development was insignificant, due to the small difference in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$. At $80^{\circ}C$, remarkable color development manifested, which is evidence of the high influence of temperature. The effects of circulation were clear at low temperatures, and the effects of temperature highly manifested at high temperatures. Circulation water color development display great color development at all temperatures to allow industrial color development with the absence of sunlight, thereby having an effect of energy reduction and developing color in dark tones, however this also is a strength of persimmon extract concerning color diversification, and is judged to have great value of industrial and practical application.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.961-967
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• 2009

In order to examine the availability of heat treatment for color developing in persimmon dyeing, the rayon fabrics dyed with persimmon extract from unripe persimmon which was used after stock and fermentation. Dyed fabrics were heated at various temperature and time by contacting press heat and drying heat. Color developing results were influenced by the difference of heating method. Press heating method is more available than drying heat method. Effect of temperature and time on ${\Delta}Ea^*b^*$ and color values of dyed rayon fabrics was considerable. Considering the practical aspect, The temperature around $140{\sim}160^{\circ}C$ and the time no longer 40 minutes can be reach the region of the full color developing by press heating process. It was very shortened than any other method(drying air heat, xenon radiation, sunlight). The dyed rayon fabrics with heat treatment have darker and deeper red-yellow color than which by sunlight and xenon radiation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2013

In order to examine the availability of color developing for prepared persimmon extract powder dyes, purified and freeze-dried powder from immature persimmon fruit. The cotton fabrics dyed with 1% concentration of powder dyes. This study was conducted to examine into the color developing effects of the powder dye for the dyed cotton fabrics irradiated with xenon light. Powder dye is difficult to dissolve in water resulting in a colloidal and viscous solution. The problem of solubility in water was resolved by setting the dyeing conditions by wetting the dye with alcohol in advance and dissolving in warm water($50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$). Samples had no alkaline conversion in making process of powder dyes showed high color developing effect(${\Delta}E^*$, K/S). Samples showed decreased ${\Delta}E^*$, K/S with increased alkaline conversion in making process of powder dyes. Samples that had alkaline effects displayed easy early color developing to be advantageous in the process of natural pattern in art work.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.972-982
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to improve the method of color developing with alkali solution as a promotor of color developing for feasible use. Cotton fabric was dyed with persimmon extract ranged with 0~3% alkali component with 5 types of strong to mild alkali solution. Heat treatment for color developing was applied to fabric dyed with persimmon extract and alkali mixing solution. Tests were carried out to analyze the change of surface color, ${\Delta},Ea^*b^*$, and water repellent of the dyed cotton fabric. The alkali mixing sample showed higher ${\Delta},Ea^*b^*$ value than control one without alkali mixing on the base of dyed fabric due to high color developing by alkali in the initial step of dyeing process. As alkali concentration increased, deeper dark color appeared on the fabric. The fabric color was changed to more dark in the application of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate in the initial step of dyeing process but color was not changed by increased heating time. However, the fabric showed a slight dark color with sodium acetate and more color change than that of the fabric dyed with persimmon extract without alkali. Therefore, sodium acetate seemed to a suitable promotor for color developing in persimmon extract dyeing. Property of water repellent was showed after color developing by heating with low concentration of alkali treatment.