• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1072-1080
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• 1994

The fully developed turbulent momentum and heat transfer induced by the square-ribed roughness elements on the outer wall surface in concentric annuli are studied analytically based on a modified turbulence model. The analytical results of the fluid flow are verified by experiment. The resulting momentum and heat transfer are discussed in terms of various parameters, such as the radius ratio, the relative roughness, the roughness density, Reynolds number, Nusselt number and Prandtl number. The study demonstrates that certain artificial roughness elements may be used to enhance heat transfer rates with advantages from the overall efficiency point of view.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.22-29
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• 1996

Flow characteristics of two-dimensional closed square cavities near unsteady critical Reynolds numbers were studied numerically at four Reynolds numbers : $8{\times}10^3,\;8.5{\times}10^3,\;9{\times}10^3\;and\;9.5{\times}10^3.$ A convection conservative difference scheme based upon SOLA to maintain the nearly 2nd-order spatial accuracy is adopted on irregular grid formation. Irregular grid number is $80{\times}80$ and its minimum size is about 1/400 of the cavity height(H) and its maximum is about 1/53 H. The result shows that the critical Reynolds number indicating the emergence of flow wnsteadiness is ranging from Re=$8{\times}10^3\;to\;8.5{\times}10^3$ and their flow patterns reveal periodic fluctuation during transient and fully developed stages. But macroscopic flow behavior in terms of instantaneous and time-mean characteristics represent remarkable difference.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.821-827
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• 2003

Fully developed turbulent flow in a square duct is numerically predicted with two nonlinear low-Reynolds-number ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ models. Typical predicted quantities such as axial and secondary velocities, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses are compared in detail with each other. It is found that the nonlinear low-Reynolds-number ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model adopted in a commercial code is unable to predict accurately duct flows involving turbulence-driven secondary motion with the prediction level of secondary flows one order less than that of the experiment.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.112-115
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• 2007

객체지향 언어인 JAVA를 이용하여 Web-기반의 운동 해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 지금까지 운동해석에 관한 대부분의 프로그램은 Fortran, C, C++ 와 같은 언어로 이루어져 있으며 이 경우 계산 속도는 빠르지만 각 언어의 Compiler 와 Builder를 필요로 한다. 따라서 사용된 각각의 언어에 대한 Compiler 및 Builder가 사용자의 개인용 컴퓨터 상에서만 설치 및 구동될 수 있으며 그로 인해 사용자는 계산된 Data형 결과물만을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이를 개선하고자 객체지향형 언어인 JAVA를 이용하여 운동해석 프로그램을 구성할 수 있는 기반을 구축하였으며 Web과 연동하여 시간적 공간적 제약을 극복하고 사용자의 의견 개입을 가능하게 하였다. 일반적으로 JAVA 언어는 연산속도가 느려서 수치해석용으로는 부적합 하다는 평이 지배적 이였으나 컴퓨터의 성능 발달로 이는 개선이 될 수 있으며, 이는 사용자가 시간적 공간적 제약을 받지 않고 사용 가능하다는 점에서 극복되어 질 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.54-58
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• 2015

인간이 생활하는데 필요한 전기를 생산하는 시설 중 하나인 화력발전소의 발전수차를 냉각시키기 위하여 많은 양의 냉각수를 바다에서 취수하게 되는데, 이 과정 중에서도 특히 흡입수조(Intake Basin)에서 흡입펌프(Suction Pump)를 통과하는 단계가 매우 중요하다. 흡입수조의 형상과 펌프운용조건 등에 의하여 흡입구(Bell Mouth)에 접근하는 유동이 비대칭일 경우 흡입구 주변에서 선회류가 발생하거나 유속분포가 비균일?비대칭이 되기 쉽다. 그러면 선회류가 더욱 악화되어 볼텍스(Vortex)로 발달되면 취수 펌프에 악영향을 준다. 또한 볼텍스의 발생은 흡입수조의 형상뿐만이 아니라 낮은 수위일 경우 수면과 흡입구의 거리가 짧아지면서 자유수면볼텍스 또는 수중볼텍스가 발생할 확률이 높아지게 된다. 본 연구에서 수리모형시험을 통하여 펌프 조합 및 수위 변화에 따른 볼텍스의 발생여부를 파악하고 볼텍스 저감장치를 고안하였다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.700-708
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• 1999

The optimum dimple shape and arrangement in the channel of a plate heat exchanger with staggered dimples are proposed in this study. Four important geometric parameters are selected as design variables, the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics are examined in the channel of plate heat exchangers. The optimization is accomplished by minimizing the global criterion function which consists of the correlations of Nusselt number and pressure drop. The optimum geometric parameters were found at the dimensionless dimple distance (L) of 0.272, the dimensionless dimple angle ($\beta$) of 0.44, the dimensionless dimple volume (V) of 0.106 and the dimensionless dimple pitch (G) of 0.195. It is found that the heat transfer and pressure drop of the optimum model are increased by approximately 227.9% and 32.9%, respectively, compared to those of the base model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.274-284
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• 1991

Mean flows and Reynolds stresses through circular and elliptic wire-mesh screens in the wind tunnel are measured by using the hot-wire system, and flow structures are investigated. Flow in the core of the wake are nearly uniform and the shear layer is developed along the edge of the screen The turbulent kinetic energy in the core decreases at the fast rate. However turbulence components are not in local equilibrium in the shear layer. The shear layer of the circular screen develops outward according to the radial mean motion. On the other hand, 3-dimensional transverse mean motion was turned to the main mechanism for the elliptic shape of the wake to be circular at the downstream.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.644-654
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• 2003

An analytical solution for a vertically stratified viscous flow in a microchannel with a rectangular cross-section is constructed, assuming fully developed laminar flow where the interfaces between the fluid layers are flat. Although the solution is for n-layer flow, restricted results to symmetrical three-layer flow are presented to investigate the effects of the viscosity and thickness ratios of the fluid layers and the aspect ratio of the microchannel on the flow field. Relations between the flow rate and thickness ratios of the fluid layers with varying viscosity distributions are found, considering the cross -sectional velocity profiles which vary noticeably with the three parameters and differ significantly from the velocity profiles of the flow between infinite parallel plates. Interfacial instability induced by the viscosity stratification in the microchannel is discussed referring to previous studies on the instability analysis for plane multilayer flow. Exact solution derived in the present study can be used for examining a diffusion process and three -dimensional stability analysis. More works are needed to formulate the equations including the effects of interfacial' tension between immiscible liquids and surface wettability which are important in microscale transport phenomena.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2003

It has been well known that the major feature of compressible flow fields might be different depending on their formation processes. The objectives of the present study is to investigates the effect of jet development on the time history of supersonic jet flow field, accompanying nonequilibrium condensation. Especially, the behaviors of Mach disk diameter and location in a supersonic moist air jet are presented in terms of nozzle pressure ratio and initial relative humidity. The relative humidity of moist air is controlled at the nozzle supply, and the nozzle pressure ratio is varied to obtain the moderately underexpanded flows at the exit of the nozzle, installed in an indraft wind tunnel. It is found that at the same pressure ratio the Mach disk diameter increases with the initial relative humidity, while moves further upstream. Furthermore, the values of Mach disk diameter and location for increasing pressure ratio show larger than those for increasing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

The turbulent flow characteristics in a coaxial injector were investigated by the nonlinear $k-{\varepsilon}-f_{\mu}$ model of Park et al.[1] and large eddy simulation (LES). In order to analyze the geometric effects on the scalar mixing for nonreacting variable-density flows, several recessed lengths and momentum flux ratios are selected at a constant Reynolds number. The nonlinear $k-{\varepsilon}-f_{\mu}$�� model proposed the meaningful characteristics for various momentum flux ratios and recess lengths. The LES results showed the changes of small-scale structures by the recess. When the inner jet was recessed, the development of turbulent kinetic energy became faster than that of non-recessed case. Also, the mixing characteristics were mainly influenced by the variation of shear rates, but the local mixing was changed by the adoption of recess.