• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.241-244
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• 1997

23 hallux valgus patients were evaluated with clinical examinations and plantar pressure distribution measurements. A masking method for detailed plantar pressure distribution analyses was suggested. With higher grade of hallux valgus, pressure, contact length & area, and impulse on metartasus were significantly increased. Localized pressure concentration is very important in foot diseases and appropriate plantar pressure distributions should be considered on any shoe design.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 1995

An abnormal Korean native cow of five years old with an extra leg was observed macroscopically and radiographically. The results were summarized as follows. 1. External features included two normal forelimbs and hindlimbs, and an extra abnormal forelimb which was underdeveloped. The extra forelimb attached to the regions of back on right scapula. 2. The extra forelimb had antebrachial meromelia. It consisted of undeveloped and severely deformed scapula and humerus, fused carpal bones, imperfectly duplicated metacarpal bones, and polydactyly. The polydactyly was consisted of seven rows of digits with seven hooves, and a rudimentary hoof of dewclaw. 3. The ectopic limp was devoid of muscular tissue.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.251-257
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• 2005

Alpheus paracrinitus belonging to the diadema group of the genus Alpheus (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) is reported from Korean waters. This species is distinguished from other Korean congeneric species of the genus Alpheus by the following characteristics: major chela oval in section, lacking marked transverse or longitudinal grooves; movable finger of minor chela balaeniceps; dactylus of third pereopod simple. Korean Alpheidae fauna now consists of 23 species of seven genera.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.446-454
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• 2011

In terms of the anatomy and mechanics of the human foot, a flexible robot foot with toes and heel joints is designed for a bipedal walking robot. We suggest three design considerations in determining foot design parameters which are critical for walking stability. Those include the position of the frontal toe, the stiffness of toes and heels, and the position of the ankle joint. Compared with the conventional foot with flat sale, the proposed foot is advantageous for human-like walking due to the inherent structural flexibility and the reasonable parameter values. Simulation results are provided to determine the design parameters and also show that the proposed foot enables smaller energy consumption.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.207
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• pp.29-31
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• 2007

사람의 발은 세월이 지나고 나이가 들어감에 따라 많은 변화를 겪는다. 주름도 깊어지고 굳은 살이 박히면서 탄력을 잃어간다. 누구나 다 겪는 이 정상적인 변화들이 당뇨병환자에게는 더욱 신경 써야 할 일임이 분명하다. 당뇨병이 진행되면 우리 몸을 보호하기 위한 신경과 혈관의 기능이 망가지기 시작한다. 발바닥에 자그마한 상처가 나도 감각을 느끼지 못하고 끓는 물에 담구어도 잘 모르게 된다. 또 혈액 순환도 잘 안되어 좋은 약을 먹어도 약의 효과가 잘 나타나지 않는다. 결국 본인도 모르게 상처를 방치해 발가락이든 다리든 절단이라는 수술을 받는데 까지 이른다. 의료진들은 당뇨병으로 인한 입원치료의 대부분은 '당뇨족'이 원인이라고까지 말한다. 이처럼 심각한 상황을 초래할 수 있는 당뇨병환자의 족부사태에 대해 깊이 연구하고 당뇨병환자의 최악의 상황을 막기 위해 새로운 치료법을 시도하는 병원이 있어서 찾아가 보았다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.112-115
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• 2009

In nature, some creatures have the ability to walk vertically or upside down on various natural surfaces. One of them, Tokay Gecko has billions of nano-hair at the epidermis of its digital. These nano hairs makes atomistic attractive force to the surface, therefore, it could walk and run on the vertical or upside surfaces. Recently, many researchers tried to fabricate the dry adhesive structure mimicking the nano-hair structure. in this study, I tried to survey these studies to discuss the direction of future fabrication works of dry adhesive structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.521-528
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• 2009

In these days, biomimetic apprioach in the design and control of robotic system has drawn much attention. The human-being and mammals possess their own feet. Using the mobility of their feet, they are able to walk in various environments such as plain land, desert, swamp, and so on. Previously developed biped robots and four-legged robots did not employ such adaptable foot. In this work, a biomimetic foot mechanism is investigated through analysis of the foot structure of the human-being. This foot mechanism consists of a toe, an ankle, a heel, and some springs replacing the foot muscles and tendons. Using five toes and springs, this foot can adapt to various environments. A mathematical modeling for this foot mechanism was performed and its characteristics were observed through numerical simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.242-249
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate two different kinds of socks on physiological responses at an ambient temperature of 35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50$\pm$5% Five healthy women wearing normal socks or toes socks participated as the subjects. Rectal temperature skin temperatures sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire wee measured. Rectal temperature skin temperature sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire were measured. Rectal temperature and mean skin temperature were lower after exercise at wearing toes socks . Sweat rate was higher at wearing normal socks and blood pressure and pulse rate were tend to higher at wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks than wearing normal socks but wearing comfort was better at wearing normal socks. These results will be discussed form the viewpoint of thermoregulation AVA(Arterio venous Anastomosis) and count current heat exchange.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.68-70
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• 2024

Finger infections are a common problem often caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi. Similarly, toe infections can present with similar clinical symptoms. Prompt identification of the cause of an infection is crucial for preventing disease progression to a state necessitating immediate and appropriate medical or surgical intervention. Herpetic whitlow is characterized by erythema and painful, non-purulent vesicles and typically results from a herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 finger infections. However, while herpes whitlow of a finger is common, cases involving a toe are rare. Consequently, a lack of experience of herpetic whitlow of the toe could lead to a misdiagnosis as a bacterial infection and potentially result in unnecessary surgical treatment. Herein, we present a case of herpetic whitlow affecting a great toe that was initially misdiagnosed as a bacterial infection and subsequently treated surgically.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

It is known that P300-based concealed information test (P300 CIT) was not greatly affected by the traditional countermeasures. This study was to test whether P300 CIT is affected by the new countermeasures. We used three types of countermeasures. First type was a sequential countermeasure in which participants had to respond in alternating ways to irrelevants by pressing the left index finger covertly when the encountered irrelevant firstly, by wiggling the right big toe inside the shoe when encountered irrelevant secondly, by imaging his or her mother's name when encountered irrelevant thirdly, and by imaging his or her father's name when encountered irrelevant fourthly until all stimuli were presented. Second type was a partial matching and physical countermeasure. Participants in this type were asked to press the left index finger imperceptibly after one of the irrelevants and wiggle the right big toe after another of the irrelevants. Third type was a partial matching and mental countermeasure. Participants were required to imagine mother's name for one irrelevant and father's name for another irrelevant. The results showed that contrary to our expectation, the use of sequential countermeasure increased the detection rate from 77% to 92%. The partial matching countermeasure had a negative effect on P300 CIT. The physical countermeasure decreased the detection rate from 77% to 46%, and the mental countermeasure decreased the detection rate from 100% to 69%. The necessity for the development of methods to prevent or detect countermeasure is discussed.