• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2017

Each City & Provincial office of education has provided educational informatization training, which invites its partner country's teachers as part of 'e-Learning Globalization Project.' The purposes of this training program are, a) improving nation brand power by maintaining e-learning national competitiveness and strengthening influence, b) solving digital divide by sharing Korean best practices, c) establishing partnership through exchanges and cooperation, d) capacity building which support partner country's leading teachers can play key roles to spread educational informatization in their own country. It is necessary to reflect outcomes of training program until now and to find sustainable development plan, at 10th anniversary of Education ICT training program now. In order to fulfil purposes, qualitative research was conducted to analyze current status based on context, input, process, and product phases, and to find sustainable development alternative. In-depth interview(IDI) was conducted among supervisor, officials, and teachers from partner countries. Also, the result of IDI was analyzed by themes.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

This on­farm study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding deepstacked broiler excreta­saw dust­rice hulls(DBSR) pellets on feed intake, production and economy of growing Hanwoo steers and Holstein bulls. Formulated mix and rice straw were replaced at 16％ and 48％ levels for growing Hanwoo steers(6 wk of feeding period) and at 4％ and 18％ levels for Holstein bulls(12 wk) with DBSR pellets. Control and treated diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and DBSR pellets were fed ad libitum. Palatability of DBSR pellets turned out to be favorable. Compared with the control group, feeding DBSR pellets did not affect body weight gain, average daily gain and feed efficiency(P＞0.05). Feed cost per gain was reduced by 18.5％ for Hanwoo steers and 3.5％ for Holstein bulls. Feeding DBSR pellets to Holstein bulls did not affect carcass weight and grades of meat yield and quality. These results indicate that deepstacked cage broiler excreta mixture may be effectively used as a feed ingredient for growing ruminants.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.437-470
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• 1994

These studies were performed to establish more effective surgical method for correcting congenital atresia coli in calves. Distal colon fistulation, proximal colon fistulation and colon anastomosis which could be applied for surgical repair of intestinal obstruction were carried out in goatlings experimentally and in calves with atresia coli clinically. After treatment of the animals clinical signs, blood component values, body weight gain, survival and necropsy findings were observed. In goatlings, clinical signs after colon fistulation were diarrhea, anorexia and vitality loss, and those of proximal colon fistulation group were severer than those of distal colon fistulation group. Surviviability after operation was 9~16 weeks in distal colon fistulation group, 2~8 weeks in proximal colon fistulation group, and 2-3 days in colocolic anastomosis group, respectively. There were no alterations in blood component values among experimental groups. Weight gain rates were 54.6% in distal colon fistulation group and 42.9% in proximal colon fistulation group compared with those of control. Necropsy findings observed in experimental groups were distension of intestine and excessive fluid in abomasum and intestine. Two calves with atresia coli died 1 day and 6 days after operation but one with colon fistulation survived more than two months. Preoperative clinical signs in calves with atresia coli were abdominal distension, progressive anorexia, no defecation and postoperative clinical signs wert diarrhea and periodic abdominal distension. After operation there were no alterations in blood component values between the calf with atresia coli and control calf. Weight gain rate of calf with atresia coli was similar to that of control but revealed the tendency to decrease from the 2nd month after operation. Necropsy findings observed in two calves with atresia coli were intestinal distension. intraluminal excessive fluid, blind atretic sac and absence of intrarectal content. It was concluded that proximal or distal colon fistulation could be available for surgical correction of congenital atresla coli and prognosis of distal colon fistulation was better than of proximal colon fistulation, but that extensive colocolic anastomosis could not be compatible with life in ruminants.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

Nitrogen is one of the major pollutants that should be removed by wastewater treatment systems. Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) is a key technology in advanced wastewater treatment systems operated by bacterial populations. Nitrification is the first step of microbiological processes in BNR system. Ammonia is oxidized to nitrite by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and then nitrite is subsequently oxidized to nitrate by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The diversity of NOB in nitrification reactors of 3 BNR systems, Edited biological aerated filter system, Nutrient removal laboratory system, and the Rumination type sequencing batch reactor system, was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Cluster analysis of T-RF profiles showed that communities of Nitrobacter group in each system were different depending upon the process of systems. However, the clusters of Nitrospira group were divided by the habitat of aqueous and solid samples.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.465-475
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• 2007

With the spread of Internet, web users express their daily life by articles, pictures and cartons to recollect personal memory or to share their experience. For the easier recollection and sharing process, this paper proposes diverse cartoon generation methods using the landmark lists which represent the behavior and emotional status of the user. From the priority and causality of each landmark, critical landmark is selected for composing the cartoon scenario, which is revised by story ontology. Using similarity between cartoon images and each landmark in the revised scenario, suitable cartoon cut for each landmark is composed. To make cartoon story more diverse, weather, nightscape, supporting character, exaggeration and animation effects are additionally applied. Through example scenarios and usability tests, the diversity of the generated cartoon is verified.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2005

This study was conducted to utilize the wastes produced from thinning the forest as a roughage source for ruminants. Four ruminally cannulated Korean steers were used to investigate the ruminal fermentation characteristics and blood concentrations of stress-related hormones. Treatments were composed of the rice straw only (Control) and the 30% pine silage plus 70% rice straw(Pine silage) as roughages. The experiment was conducted with four replicates by a double tum over design. For sampling of blood under high temperature steers were accommodated in respiratory chamber. Concentrations of ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia were not affected by substitution of pine silage. Mean concentration of blood thyroxine was significantly(P < 0.01) lower in the pine silage than the control. However, blood cortisol concentration was not affected by substitution of pine silage, even though it was significantly(P < 0.05) decreased after exposure for 6 hrs in high temperature. It was concluded that the pine silage using the wastes produced from thinning the forest could be use as a substitute roughage for reduction of heat stress in ruminant.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) on cell viability, anti-oxidant activity, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and methane gas production. Collected rumen fluid incubated with CW powder (1% w/v) for 12 and 24 hours were analyzed for pH, VFAs and methane. Alamar blue assay showed no significant difference on the viability of 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells treated with CW for 24 hours. TBARS data showed a dose dependent increase on the antioxidant activity of CW. VFAs increased in the CW-treated groups compared to the control group. In addition, propionate increased more than other VFAs by the treatment with CW. There was a significant decrease in methane gas production in batch culture treated with CW in 12hrs. In conclusion, it was suggested that Cynanchum wilfordii could manipulate rumen fermentation considered by increasing VFA production and inhibition of methanogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 1980

This study was performed to obtain an accurate methods of diagnosis in early stage of traumatic pericarditis and myocarditis in ruminants. Korean native goats were used as experimental animal and traumatic pericarditis and myocarditis were induced by surgical intervention. The changes in clinical signs, hematological values, blood enzymes and electrocardigrams were observed for 14 days after operation. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Body temperature in experimental group of induced traumatic pericarditis and myocarditis was slightly increased than control group that was rumenotomized. Heart rate was increased in both groups but the increased rate was noticed remarkably in experimental group. There was no change in respiratory rate in experimental and control group. 2. Total leucocytes counts and neutrophil percentage maintained higher level after operation and lymphocytes percentage noticed reversed proportion to neutrophil in both groups. 3. Serum total protein concentration and alkaline phosphatase activities after operation showed a little lower levels than these values prior to operation. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities in control group showed slight increase through all the experimental period, while in experimental group these activities were markedly elevated and an increase in serum lactic dehydrogenase activities was more remarkable comparing to serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. 4. Electrocardiograms in control group did not show any abnormalities except for slight increase in heart rate. In experimental group the amplitude of QRS complex was increased in duration of experimental period. The transference from QRS complex to T wave was uncertain and S-T segment moved upward obliquely through electrical zero line.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 1982

The traumatic hepatitis and splenitis were experimentally induced in Korean native goats. General examinations, hematological and blood biochemical findings were investigated up to 10 days after induction of traumatic hepatitis and splenitis. Body weight of goats with traumatic hepatitis and splenitis showed no change or only a slight decrease. Changes in body temperature and respiratory rate were not noted in both experimental groups. Heart rate hart not been changed in traumatic splenitis group but were a little increased in traumatic hepatitis group. Erythrocytic series such as erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume showed same variation within normal range during the period of observation. Total leucocyte counts showed the considerable increase in both experimental groups. The increase of the percentage of neutrophil and the decrease of the percentage of lymphocyte were more remarkable in traumatic hepatitis group than that of traumatic splenitis group. Serum aspartate transferase activity was increased in both experimental groups after surgery, while serum alkaline phosphatase activity has been decreased conciderably up to 7 days after surgery. Serum lactic dehydrogenase activity has been increased up to 3 days after operation and thereafter the activity has returned to normal level in traumatic hepatitis group and the activity increased only the first day after surgery in traumatic splenitis group. There were no changes in total protein and albumin contents in both experimental groups during the period of observation. Serum total cholesterol contents showed a slight increase in both experimental groups and the range of increase in traumatic hepatitis group was more wide. Serum bilirubin contents were net changed in traumatic hepatitis group, but showed a slight increase in traumatic splenitis group.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.461-473
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• 2017

Total mixed ration (TMR) including concentrate diet and roughage together have been used for the ruminant animal. Relatively high concentrations of moisture and water soluble carbohydrate are representative feature of TMR. Those moisture and water can also provide a niche for bacterial growth. Therefore, a possible fermentation of TMR induced by micro-organism is generally accepted. The present study hypothesized that different lactic acid bacteria could alter fermentation of TMR and subsequently rumen fermentation. Three lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus paracasei (A), L. plantarum (B) and L. parabuchneri (C), were employed and 7 treatments under full factorial design were compared with control without inoculation. TMR for dairy cow was used. Significant alterations by treatments were detected at lactic acid and butyric acid contents in TMR (p<0.05). Treatment AC (mixture of A and C) and BC (mixture of B and C) showed great lactate production. Great butyrate production was found at treatment C. At in vitro rumen fermentation, treatments B, C and AB (mixture of A and B) showed significantly great total gas production (p<0.05). All treatments except treatments B and AB, showed less dry matter digestibility, significantly (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acid production at treatment AC was significantly greater than others (p<0.05). In individual volatile fatty acid production, treatment AB and AC showed great acetate and propionate productions, significantly (p<0.05). This study investigated correlation between organic acid production in TMR and rumen volatile fatty acid production. And it was found that butyric acid in TMR had significant negative correlation with acetate, propionate, total volatile fatty acid, AP ratio and dry matter digestibility.