• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

A method analizing contact pressure between plate and elastic half space is presented by using F.E.M. With the method, the pressure intensities at surface nodes of half space cae be directly calculated by using flexibility matrix of half space. The method is originally presented by Y.K. Cheung et al.(3) Insted of Y.K. Cheung's method, which use a conception of equi-contact pressure area around each surface nodes of half space in the noded rectanqular element area. We use the equi-contact pressure area around the Gaussian integration points of half space surface in the noded isoparametric element area. Numarical examples are presented and compared with other's studies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.75-96
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• 2016

This study analyzed the mediator effect of fear and helping responses on relationship between familiarity and discrimination based on the contact theory. We presented typical vignettes of schizophrenia, depression and alcoholism to 922 adults randomly. All respondents were asked for direct and indirect contact experiences with mental illness, fear and helping responses and discrimination against persons with mental illness. Our findings suggest that contact theory was not supported in every types of mental disorders. In schizophrenia, fear and help were the full mediator between familiarity and discrimination. In depression, only helping response was the mediator between familiarity and discrimination. But in alcoholism, familiarity did not predict discrimination. Based on theses findings, we suggest various anti-stigma strategies depending on the types of mental disorders.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.545-554
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• 2007

Landslides is mainly induced by a heavy rainfall, earthquake ground motion, and some other factors like soil mechanics, morphological-geological factors etc. Since the starting point of the failure seemed to be originated at a construction site in the study, it is meaningful to find out the relationship between the landslide and the construction. For this study, the slope failure factor was examined carefully to see that the original natural slope had vulnerability and that the complex ground had unstability changed by construction. A field survey was conducted on the original ground surface and filled-up ground. A laboratory test was also conducted to determine the geomechanical properties of soil samples. 2D and 3D limit equilibrium analysis with changing groundwater level were conducted at the failure depth using a seismic refraction survey. The result shows that the factor of safety is similar stability under all condition, but unstable under saturated condition.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 2001

The coastline of semi-enclosed Hampyung Bay, southwestern coast of Korea, consists largely of erosional sea-cliffs characterized by steep face slope, low in height (less than 3m), and composition of soft reddish soil. Recession rates of the sea-cliffs in the Haeuri coast of Hampyung Bay, which were Quantified by photogrammetry using single aerial photographs taken 1976 and 1990, respectively, were approximately 1${\sim}2m/yr. This value is in good agreement with the field measurement conducted by Chang et al. (1999). Subsequently, the photogrammetry seems to be a very useful method to measure easily long-term coastline change. This severe erosion of sea-cliff in the semi-enclosed bay environment, furthemore, is probably due to combined effects of typhoon or/and storm surges and weak resistance of soil cliff itself.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.196-196
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• 2012

염료감응 태양전지는 실리콘 태양전지에 비해 단가가 낮고 반투명하며 친환경적 특성으로 차세대 태양전지로 주목을 받았으나 염료의 안정성의 문제와 특정 파장대의 빛만 흡수하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 양자구속 효과에 의해 크기에 따라 밴드갭 조절이 용이하여 다양한 파장대의 빛을 흡수 할 수 있는 양자점 감응태양전지가 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 하지만 양자점 감응 태양 전지의 활성층으로 사용되는 반도체 산화물인 이산화티타늄의 두께는 $13{\sim}18{\mu}m$로 짧은 확산거리로 인해 전하수집의 한계를 가지고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 인듐 주석 산화물 나노선을 합성하여 전자가 광전극에 직접유입이 가능하도록 해 빠른 전하이동 및 전하수집을 가능하게 한다. 인듐 주석 산화물 나노선은 증기수송 방법(VTM)을 이용하여 인듐 주석 산화물 유리 기판 위에 $5{\sim}30{\mu}m$ 길이로 합성하였다. 전해질과 전자가 손실되는 것을 방지하기 위해 원자층 증착법(ALD)을 이용하여 이산화 티타늄 차단층을 20 nm 두께로 코팅한 후 화학증착방법(CBD)을 이용하여 인듐 주석 산화물 나노선-이산화 티타늄 코어-쉘 구조를 만든다. 마지막으로 황화카드뮴, 카드늄셀레나이드, 황화아연을 증착시킨 후 다황화물 전해질을 이용하여 양자점 감응 태양전지를 제작하였다. 특성 평가를 위해 전계방사 주사전자현미경, X-선 회절, 고분해능 투과 전자 현미경을 이용하며 intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), intensity modulated voltage spectroscopy (IMVS)를 이용하여 전하수집 특성평가를 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 1994

The crystal structure of N-11-(benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl]-P-nitroaniline ( C16H17N502) has been determinedfromsingle crystal x-ray diffractionstudy:C16H17N502 monoclinic, P21/n, a=17542(2)A, b=10.755(3)A, c=8.891(1)A, β=104.58(1)˚, V=1623.4(5)A3, 7=293(2)K, Z=4, Cuka(A = 1.5418A) , The molecular structure was solved was by direct meshed refined by full-matrix least squares to a final R =0.0411 for 2248 unique observed [F≥4o(p) ] reflections and 255 Parameters. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N (11) -Hl 1 (Nl 1) ‥‥N (3) hydrogen bond with N(11) ‥‥ N(3) =3.136(2)A and N(11)-Hll(Nll)‥‥N(3) =164.1(15) ˚.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.265-294
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• 2014

The study aims to identify the procedural problems of the archival reference service through Freedom of Information Act. Since FOIA enacted in 1998, there has been a rapid increase of use of government information. However, most of academic users tend to be strongly dissatisfied with the user service. The authors argue that archival reference service through FOIA substantially prevents researchers from using archival records for their research and lower researcher's visits to archival institutions. For this, the study conducted 19 in-depth interviews of academic users and analyzed how FOIA influence academic user's information behaviors based on Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.533-543
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• 2010

Asking sensitive questions by a direct survey method causes non-response bias and response bias. Non-response bias arises from interviewees refusal to respond and response bias arises from giving incorrect responses. To rectify these biases, Warner (1965) introduced a randomized response model which is an alternative survey method for socially undesirable or incriminating behavior questions. The randomized response model is a procedure for collecting the information on sensitive characteristics without exposing the identity of the respondent. Many survey researchers have proposed diverse variants of the Warner randomized response model and applied their model to collect the information of sensitive questions. Using an optimal allocation, we proposed three-stage stratified randomized response technique which is an extension of the Kim and Elam (2005) two-stage stratified randomized response technique. In this study, we showed that the estimator based on the proposed response model is more efficient than Kim and Elam (2005). But by adding one more survey step to the Kim and Elam (2005), our proposed model may have relatively less privacy protection compared to the Kim and Elam (2005) model.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.641-646
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• 2001

The $CoSi_2$ layers have been in-situ grown on undoped poly-Si by the reactive chemical vapor deposition of $Co({\Eta}^5-C_5H_5)(CO)_2$ at $650^{\circ}C$ and their thermal stabilities have been investigated in the temperature range of 800 to $1000^{\circ}C$. The $CoSi_2$ layer grown by the in-situ method had grains with large area of (111) plane, while grains with little area of (111) plane appeared on the $CoSi_2$ layer grown by the conventional two-step method where $CoSi_2$ formed first and transformed to $CoSi_2$. The thermal stability of the $CoSi_2$ layer grown by the in- situ process was improved by more than $100^{\circ}C$ higher than that of the $CoSi_2$ layer grown by the conventional two-step process. The $CoSi_2$ layer grown in situ on a large-grained Poly-Si was stable up to $950^{\circ}C$. The effect of stability improvement by the in situ growth was more pronounced when the grain sizes of the poly-Si substrate were small. The improved thermal stability of the in-situ grown $CoSi_2$ layer could be mainly due to the formation of a uniform $CoSi_2$ layer with the $CoSi_2$ grains, which are in the form of epitaxial-like growth on the each poly-Si grains, causing a reduction of the interfacial energy of the system.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2010

In order to visualize participating media in 3D space, they usually calculate the incoming radiance by subdividing the ray path into small subintervals, and accumulating their respective light energy due to direct illumination, scattering, absorption, and emission. Among these light phenomena, scattering behaves in very complicated manner in 3D space, often requiring a great deal of simulation efforts. To effectively simulate the light scattering effect, several approximation techniques have been proposed. Volume photon mapping takes a simple approach where the light scattering phenomenon is represented in volume photon map through a stochastic simulation, and the stored information is explored in the rendering stage. While effective, this method has a problem that the number of necessary photons increases very fast when a higher variance reduction is needed. In an attempt to resolve such problem, we propose a different approach for rendering particle-based volume data where kernel smoothing, one of several density estimation methods, is explored to represent and reconstruct the light in-scattering effect. The effectiveness of the presented technique is demonstrated with several examples of volume data.