• Title/Summary/Keyword: 반응용매

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Microwave-induced one-pot Synthesis of Coumarins Using Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate as a Catalyst Under Solvent-free Condition (무 용매 조건에서 potassium dihydrogen phosphate를 촉매로 사용하는 쿠마린의 마이크로파-유도 단일 용기 내 합성)

  • Niralwad, Kirti S.;Shingate, Bapurao B.;Shingare, Murlidhar S.
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.486-489
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    • 2011
  • Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was found to be an efficient catalyst for the Pechmann condensation of phenols with ethyl acetoacetate, leading to the formation of coumarins under microwave-irradiation and solvent-free condition. This procedure offers several advantages, including the low loading of catalysts, high yields, clean reactions, short reaction time for the synthesis of coumarins.

Nucleophilicity와 Basicity의 연관성에 관한 연구

  • Ryu, U-Yeol
    • Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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    • 2015.03a
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    • pp.117-123
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 DFT를 이용하여 Nucleophilicity와 Basicity의 연관성에 대한 계산화학적 분석을 수행하였다. Basicity는 선정된 모델 분자의 protonation 반응에서 생성물과 반응물의 enthalpy 변화량인 양성자 친화도(Proton affinity, PA) 값을 구하여 분석하였다. 계산한 결과는 실험을 통해 얻은 PA 결과와 경향성이 거의 일치함을 확인하였다. Nucleophilicity는 모델 분자들과 $CH_3Br$ (electrophile)의 $SN_2$반응에서 gibbs free energy of activation(${\Delta}G^{\ddag}$) 값으로 그 경향성을 분석하였다. 또한 용매의 종류를 다르게 하여 용매에 따른 ${\Delta}G^{\ddag}$ 값의 경향성도 확인하였다. 각 용매에 따라 구한 ${\Delta}G^{\ddag}$와 PA의 상관관계를 비교하였으나, 큰 연관성은 보이지 않았다. 이에 ${\Delta}G^{\ddag}$와 PA의 상관관계를 보여줄 수 있는 parameter를 찾기 위하여 각 모델 분자의 Electronegativity와 Polarizability를 계산하여 연관성을 비교해보았다. Polarizability를 적용했을 때 Nucleophilicity와 Basicity사이의 연관성을 나타낼 수 없었던 반면, Electronegativity를 적용하여 Basicity와 Nucleophilicity의 연관성 보일 수 있음을 이론적으로 규명하였다.

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Leaching mechanism of nickel from the obsolete Ni-MLCC (Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitor) (폐 적층형세라믹콘덴서로부터 니켈의 침출거동에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, Keun-Hee;Lee, Jae-Chun;Ahn, Jong-Gwan;Kim, Nam-Chul
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.56-60
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    • 2003
  • 폐 적층세라믹콘덴서(MLCC)로부터 Ni을 회수하기 위하여 침출실험을 수행하였다. 침출용매로 $HNO_3,\;HCl\;H_2SO_4$을 사용하여 시간의 변화, 반응온도의 변화, 시료 입도와 광액농도의 변화가 Ni의 침출율에 미치는 영향과 최적 침출 조건을 조사하였다. 그 결과 HCl, $H_2SO_4$을 침출용매로 사용했을 때 Ni 침출의 최적 조건은 산농도 5M, 반응온도 $90^{\circ}C$나타났으며, $HNO_3$을 침출용매로 사용했을 때 최적 침출 조건 산농도 1M, 반응온도 $70^{\circ}C$에서 광액농도 500ml당 20g일때 Ni 침출율이 98%로 최대였다.

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Nucleophilic Displacement of Sulfur Center, Part Ⅵ - Halide Exchange Kinetics of Methanesulfonyl Chloride in Acetone, Acetonirile and Methanol

  • Lee, Ikchoon;Yie, Jae-Eui
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.23-26
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    • 1974
  • The rates and activation parameters for the halide exchange reactions of methanesulfonyl chloride in dry acetone, acetonitrile, and methanol have been determined. It was found that nucleophilic order is Cl->Br->I-. The rate of chloride exchange with methanesulfonyl chloride decreases in the order of solvent; ($CH_3$)$_2$CO>$CH_3$CN》MeOH. Results are intrpreted in terms of easiness of the initial state desolvation and solvation stabilization of the transition state.

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후막공정형 CIGS($CuInGaSe_2$) 태양전지를 위한 CIGS 나노 입자의 합성

  • Gu, Sin-Il;Hong, Seung-Hyeok;Sin, Hyo-Sun;Yeo, Dong-Hun;Hong, Yeon-U;Kim, Jong-Hui;Nam, San
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2009.06a
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    • pp.448-448
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    • 2009
  • 기존에 박막공정을 이용한 CIGS 태양전지는 단가가 비싸고 공정이 복잡한 단점이 있다. 따라서 후막형 CIGS 태양전지 위한 CIGS 나노 입자의 필요성이 대두 되었다. CIGS 나노 입자를 합성하기 위한 방법은 용매열법, 콜로이달법 등이 있다. 특히 이들 방법 중에서 열용매 방식은 입도 제어가 용이하고 저압, 저온에서 간단한 공정으로 입자를 합성할 수 있다는 잠정으로 인해 많이 사용되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 열용매법을 이용하여, 용매양, 반응온도, 반응시간 등을 통하여 후막형 CIGS에 적합한 나노 입자를 합성하였다. XRD를 통해 상을 분석하고, SEM, 입도, B.E.T.를 통해 파우더의 평가하였다.

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Development of Viscose Rayon Process (I. Dissolution of Cellulose in $CO_2$/NaOH System)

  • 오상연;박근후;류동일;최창남;양갑승;박원호;오영세
    • Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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    • 1998.04a
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    • pp.315-319
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    • 1998
  • 셀룰로오스 용매계는 크게 직접용매계와 간접용매계로 나뉠 수 있으며, 잘 알려진 "비스코스 레이온(viscose rayon)"공정은 공정 중간단계에 이황화탄소(CS$_2$)를 사용하여 셀룰로오스 크산테이트 유도체를 만들고 이를 다시 수산화나트륨에 용해시키는 간접용매계에 속한다. 수산화나트륨 수용액에 용해된 비스코스 용액은 응고 욕내에서 황산과 반응하여 셀룰로오스로 재생이 되는데 비스코스 용액의 재생과정에서 발생하는 이황화탄소는 그 자체가 독성이 심한 가연성 액체일 뿐만 아니라 부반응을 통하여 삼황화소다(sodium trithiocarbonate) 및 황화수소(H$_2$S)를 발생한다.(중략)

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A Study on the Isomerization Reactions of Tricyclopentadiene Derivatives Using Aluminum Chloride(AlCl3) Catalyst(I) (알루미늄클로라이드 촉매를 이용한 Tricyclopentadiene 유도체의 이성화 반응 연구(I))

  • Jo, Hyun-Hye;Kwon, Tae-Soo;Park, Chang-Sun;Han, Jeong-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2012
  • Tetrahydrotricyclopentadiene(below THTCPD) isomer is a good candidate materials for the high performance liquid fuel component because of its high density and heat of combustion value. The object of this study was to find out the proper reaction condition to improve the fluidity of THTCPD which is solid state at room temperature. Therefore, we have carried out isomerization reactions using aluminum chloride in the varying reaction condition such as reaction temperature and solvents. The results showed that when using aluminum chloride catalyst, THTCPD isomerization reaction was more active in the polar halogenated reaction media such as dichloromethane(methylene chloride: MC), 1,2-dichloroethane(ethylene chloride: EC) and chloroform than in non-polar hydrocarbon media such as n-Hexnae and toluene and was effected by reaction temperature variation.

Solvolysis of 3-Chloro-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide (pseudosaccharin chloride (3-Chloro-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide (pseudosaccharin chloride)의 가용매 분해반응)

  • In-Sun Koo;Jeong-Ja Kim;Yong-Jin Yoon;Ikchoon Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.296-300
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    • 1986
  • The pseudo-first order rate constants have been obtained for the solvolysis of pseudo-saccharinechloride in MeOH-$H_2O$, EtOH-$H_2O$, MeOH-MeCN and MeOH-$(Me)_2$CO solvents mixtures at various temperatures. Values of n and m in the Kivinen and Grunwald-Winstein plots, respectively, have been determined and the Taft's solvatochromic parameters were obtained; based on these solvent effect parameters as well as on the activation parameters it was concluded that reaction proceeds via an $S_N2$ mechanism.

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Absorption of Carbon Dioxide into Polar Solvents of 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol (2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol이 용해한 극성 용매에서 이산화탄소의 흡수)

  • Son, Young-Sik;Heo, Nam-Hwan;Lee, Sung-Su;Park, Sang-Wook
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.380-385
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    • 2009
  • The absorption rate of carbon dioxide with 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP) was measured in such non-aqueous solvents as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and propylene carbonate, and in water at 298 K and 101.3 kPa using a semi-batch stirred tank with a plane gas-liquid interface. The overall reaction rate constant, obtained under the condition of fast reaction regime, from the measured rate of absorption was used to get the elementary reaction rate constants in complicated reactions represented by reaction mechanism of carbamate formation and the order of overall reaction of $CO_2$ with amine. The correlation between the elementary reaction rate constant and the solubility parameter of the solvent was also presented.

Synthesis of ω-formal Carboxylic Acid by Ozone Oxidation of Cycloolefins (시클로올레핀류의 오존 산화 반응에 의한 ω-formyl Carboxylic Acid의 합성)

  • Kim, Bong M.;Yang, Hyun S.
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.646-656
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    • 1994
  • The ${\omega}$-formyl carboxylic acid was produced by ozone oxidation of cycloolefins in the presence of pyridine and its production yield was examined by varying temperature and solvent. As the reaction temperature increased, the yield of ${\alpha}$, ${\omega}$-dicarboxylic acid increased whereas that of ${\alpha}$, ${\omega}$-dialdehyde decreased. As the polarity of solvent increased, a higher yield of desired ${\omega}$-formyl carboxylic acid was obtained, whereas the yield of unwanted polymeric ozonide decreased. The yields of ${\omega}$-formyl carboxylic acid from ozone oxidation of cyclohexene, cyclooctene and cyclododecene at $0^{\circ}C$ and in methylene chloride solvent were 59.30%, 55.20%, and 36.72%, respectively.

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