• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.sup2
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• pp.297-310
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• 2007

치조골 흡수는 파골세포와 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)에 의한 골의 무기질과 유기질의 파괴로 일어나는 과정이다. 세균성 산물, 주로 내독소는 치은조직 내에서 염증세포의 유주, 사이토카인 생산, 조직파괴 효소 분비 및 파골세포 활성 등의 국소 면역반응을 유도한다. A. actinomycetemcomitans는 급진성 치주염의 원인 균주중 하나로 그 내독소는 치조골의 흡수와 관련된다. MMP-13은 세균성 산물이나 염증성 사이토카인의 자극에 의해 분비되며, 최근의 연구 결과들은 MMP-13이 치주질환의 진행과 골 흡수 과정에서 일정한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 보고하고 있으나, A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소와 MMP-13과의 관련성에 대한 연구는 미미하다. 이에 이번 연구에서는 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소에 의한 MMP-13의 발현과 파골세포 형성을 세포배양을 통하여 관찰하였고, 백서 구개부 치은에 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소를 주입하여 흡수가 진행되고 있는 치조골에서 파골세포의 분화와 MMP-13의 발현을 TRAP 염색, 면역조직화학적 방법 등을 통해 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. MMP-13 mPNA의 발현은 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소 (1ug/ml)로 24시간 자극한 마우스 치주인대 섬유모세포에서 생리식염수로 자극한 세포에 비하여 약 2.6배 증가하였으며 마우스 대식세포에서는 TRAP 양성 세포가 대조군보다 더 많이 나타났다. A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소를 주입한 백서 치주조직에서는 대조군보다 더 심한 골소실을 보였다. TRAP-양성 다핵 파골세포 유사세포는 치주염군과 대조군 모두 치조골에서 관찰되었다. TRAP-양성 다핵 파골세포 유사세포는 치주염군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많은 숫자가 관찰되었으며, 치주염군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많은 숫자가 관찰되었다. MMP-13 면역양성 반응은 치주염군에서 거친 골연을 갖는 치조골상에 배열된 조골세포와 그 인접한 치주인대에서 관찰되었으며 대조군에서는 MMP-13 면역 양성 반응이 치조골 표면에서만 일부 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독속가 MMP-13의 발현을 증가시키며 파골세포의 활성을 통하여 치조골의 흡수를 유도함을 시사한다. 또한 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소 투여에 의한 실험적 모델은 백서에서 중등도의 골 소실을 동반한 만성 치주염 모델로 향후 치주질환 치료제의 효과를 평가하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.577-583
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• 2006

The effect of the extract of Ulmus davidiana root on the activity of enzymes related to the removal of reactive oxygen species was investigated in the B6C3F1 mouse kidney. B6C3F1 mice were divided into five groups and fed for 20 weeks. Reduced xanthine of oxidase activity was observed in groups 4 (group fed with U. davidiana extract after N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment and 5 (group fed with U. davidiana extract from the beginning of DEN treatment) compared to group 2 (group treated with DEN). The level of Mn-superoxidase dismutase tended to increase in the groups after DEN treatment. In group 5, the catalase activity increased and the other groups exhibited an unchanged or slightly decreased level of enzyme. Similar effects were found far glutathione peroxidase. A lower degree of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) formation was estimated in groups 4 and 5, compared to that in DEN treated group 2.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.367-377
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• 1993

Background: The benefits of combination chemotherapy in unresectable non-small cell lung cancer remain uncertain. But, according to the recent reports, the response rates of cisplatin-based polychemotherapy regimens are higher than those of single agent. Also, the response rates of high-dose cisplatin group are higher than those of low-dose cisplatin group. In attemp to answer the question whether treatments, combination chemotherapy (high VPP) and combination chemotherapy with radiation therapy, improve survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer, we begin to study. Method: Thirty-five patients above stage III, diagnosed histologically as non-small cell lung cancer, were enrolled. Among them, nineteen received a combination chemotherapy consisting of VP-16 & high-dose cisplatin (100 $mg/m^2$) and/or radiation therapy. The other group (16 subjects) received no therapy. To investigate the differences of survival and response rates between two groups and the side effects related to therapy, we reviewed patients' records. Results: 1) The overall objective response rate was 47%(9/19) with one complete remission. 2) In patients who received polychemotherapy and radiation therapy, the response rate was 60%(6/10) with one complete remission and survival rates of 3 months, 6 months and 12 months were 100%, 70% and 40%. 3) In patients who received polychemotherapy, the response rate was 33% (3/9) with no complete remission and survival rates of 3 months, 6 months and 12 months were 78%, 67% and 33%. 4) Overall, treated patients survived significantly longer (p<0.05) than non-treated patients (median survival 307 days versus 95 days). 5) Analysis of the various prognostic factors disclosed that good performance status, stage III and squamous cell type showed the good response rates. 6) The toxicities were nausea and/or vomiting (100%), alopecia (90%), anemia (79%), leukopenia (69%), thrombocytopenia (2%), increased creatinine (16%) and neurotoxicity (5%). Conclusion: According to above results, there are relatively good results that high VPP combination chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer improves survival in the treated group than in the non-treated group. Thus, it is considerd that we select the patients with proper indications and treat them with effective chemotherpy and radiation therapy. But, because improvement related to high VPP ploychemotherapy is not marked in this study, it is necessary that we should investigate follow-up studies in many cases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2000

Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness(BHR) and inflammation. The cyclooxygenase(COX) is believed to be one of the important enzymes in these inflammatory reactions. Recently, the COX was divided into two isoforms, COX1 and COX2. COX2 is induced by lipopolysaccharide and some cytokines at the inflammation site. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2), produced from COX2, may affect airway inflammation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of COX2 inhibitor on COX2 expression, plasma PGE2, airway resistance and histologic finding in an animal asthma model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. The normal control group did not receive any treatment, but the asthma control group was sensitized by ovalbumin but not treated with the COX2 inhibitor(nimesulide, Mesulid$^{(R)}$). The treatment group was sensitized and treated with nimesulide. Specific airway resistance(sRaw) before and after nimesulide ingestion was investigated. The PGE2 level in the plasma was examined and COX2 immunogold-silver stain on lung tissue was performed. Results: sRaw and eosionophilic infiltration on airway, which increased in the asthma control group, was compared to normal control(p=0.014). However, there was no difference in eosinophilic infiltration between asthma control and treatment groups(p=0.408) and no difference in COX2 expression on bronchiolar epithelium among the three groups. Plasma PGE2 levels were not statically different among the three groups. Conclusion: The role of COX2 in the allergen-induced BHR was not significant The effect of nimesulide was not observed on BHR, COX2 expression, and plasma PGE2 level. Therefore, COX2 may not be a major substance of allergic asthma.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2010

Purpose : We aimed to evaluate predictive parameters for non-response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) before IVIG use using two controls. Methods : We evaluated 229 consecutive KD patients who were treated with 2 g/kg of IVIG at a single center. Those who had persistent fever >24 hours after IVIG infusion made up the 23 IVIG non-responders; the first control included a total 206 defervesced cases and the second control included 46 cases that were matched for age and pre-treatment fever duration to non-responders. Results : Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in IVIG non-responders and responders at presentation. As for laboratory findings, the neutrophil differential, CRP, AST, ALT, and LDH were higher, and lymphocyte differential, total protein, albumin, platelet count, and total cholesterol were significantly lower in IVIG non-responders compared to responders by univariate analysis in both study designs. However in multivariate analysis, non-responders showed a significantly higher neutrophil differential (cutoff value, >77%, sensitivity 68.4% and specificity 79.5%) and lower cholesterol (<124 mg/dL, sensitivity 79% and specificity 70.5%). Whereas plasma albumin (<3.6 g/dL, sensitivity 73.7% and specificity 60%) was the sole laboratory parameter of non-responders in the second study design. Conclusion : Severity of inflammation in KD was reflected by higher or lower laboratory values at presentation. Because the multivariate analysis for these indices may be influenced by some confounding factors, including the numbers of patients of different ages and fever duration, other assessment modalities are needed for KD patients with the greatest risk of coronary artery lesions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1743-1749
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cucumber beverage intake on fluid-regulating hormones and CRP in amateur marathoners between the ages of 47~49. Among research subjects, 8 male middle-aged marathoners who have completed the full marathon course over 5 times and who have run for over 50 months were selected. In two marathon races, they received firstly water and secondly cucumber beverage: 10 ml before the race, 50 ml every 5 km, and 200 ml after the race, adding up to 10 drinks and 710 ml in total amount of beverage taken. For statistics, one-way ANOVA within the group was conducted through SPSS 12.0; for post-examination, Duncan was utilized; and for inter-group examination, an independent t-test was used. Before, right after, and after the marathon, the cucumber beverage intake group had a significantly decreased serum ADH concentration compared to the water intake group. Both the cucumber beverage and water intake groups had significantly increased serum rennin levels before, right after, and after the marathon. Both the cucumber beverage and water intake groups had significantly increased aldosterone before, right after, and after the marathon. CRP levels didn't show change. In conclusion, intake of cucumber beverage during a marathon race was found to help with fluid-regulating hormones. This research has attempted to continue to study the influence on hormones that control body fluids.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.317-333
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the proliferative activity of the osteoblasts and fibroblasts in the midpalatal area and to investigate the adjacent periodontal tissues of individual tooth following rapid expansion of the palate. Ten young adult dogs, aged approximately ten months, were used in the experiment. The experimental design was consisted of 1 week expansion group(Group E1, 3 dogs), 2 week expansion group(Group E2, 3 dogs), 2 week expansion and 2 week retention group(Group E3, 3 dogs), and control group(Group C, 1 dog). For each group, expansion screw was activated one time per day(1/4 turn;$90^{\circ}$) following Hyrax-screw application. The experimental animals in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks following palatal expansion. Maxillary tissue blocks were obtained and prepared ior the histomorphologic and immunohistochemical studies. Light mcroscope, polarizing microscope, and soft X-ray apparatus were used in this study, and following results were obtained. 1. In polarizing microscopic study, the expansion groups(E1 & E2) showed blue color representing bone resorption and new bone formation in midpalatal suture area. E3 groups skewed less blue color compared to the E1 and E2 group. But yellow color increased by calcification in the E3 groups. 2. Immunohistochemical study revealed that positive responses of the osteoblasts to PCNA and undifferentiated fibroblasts to EGF in E1 group were somewhat increased. Positive response to PCNA and EGF were increased in fibroblasts and the osteoblasts forming new bone in E2 group. In E3 group, the positive response cell concentrated the periphery of edge of palatal process in both PCNA and EGF. 3. Throughout the expansion period(E1 & E2), light microscopic study showed the edges of the extensive resorption and new palatal processes, indicating bone remodeling within the suture. E3 group exhibited less remodeling of midpalatal suture area. E2 group and E3 group showed cementum formation and resorption at the apex of 3rd premolar and 1st molar E3 group exhibited extensive hyalinized zone on the cervical portion of buccal side of 1st molar. 4. Soft X-ray analysis of E1 group showed hypomineralized defect and microfractures in various parts of the suture areas when compared with control animals. There was no significant difference in the degree of mineralization in the midpalatal suture region between the C and E3 groups. Tooth axis showed tipping of 3rd premolar and 1st molar in the E2 group and E3 group. Based upon these experimental results, it is concluded that the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells always presented in midpalatal suture area following RPE. Differentiated osteoblasts and fibroblasts possess proliferating cellular activity until the 2 week retention period. The posterior teeth are tend to tip buccally as RPE force applied. Retention group exhibited irreversible response with severe hyalinized zone on the buccal surface of the first molar.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1982

1) Experiments were undertaken to elucidate the mechanism which elevates the systemic arterial blood pressure by cadmium (Cd). 2) The mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance of central ear artery in Cd-poisoned rabbit were significantly increased in comparison with those in control. 3) The vascular pressure response to electrical stimulation in Cd-poisoned group was less than that in control. However, in the former group it showed the supersensitivity to norepinephrine. 4) The response to electrical stimulation was diminished by sodium arachidonate in the ear artery, on the contrary, it was rather enhanced in the vessel of Cd-poisoned group. The responses in both groups were reduced by pretreatment with either $PGE_2\;or\;PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. 5) The response to electrical stimulation was not affected in control, but enhanced in Cd-poisoned group by pretreatment with indomethacin. 6) When the ear artery of control group was perfused with physiological salt solution (PSS) the response to electrical stimulation was not changed by indomethacin, it was much enhanced without affecting on the response to norepinephrine when $K^+-free\;PSS$, was used. These results demonstrate the evidence that the alteration of regulatory mechanism on the vessels was causally related to the elevation of arterial pressure and the increase in peripheral resistance in Cd-poisoned rabbits.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.475-484
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• 2003

동통조절을 위해 국소마취제는 치과임상에서 광범위하게 사용되어진다. 가장 널리 쓰이는 국소마취제는 리도카인이고 이는 마취효과의 지속 및 지혈효과 등의 목적으로 혈관수축제를 포함하고 있다. 대표적 혈관수축제인 에피네프린은 임상에서 1:300,000에서부터 1:50,000의 농도로 다양하게 사용되어진다. 수복치료를 위해서는 통상적으로 1:100.000농도의 에피네프린이 사용되고 있고 외과적 근관치료시 지혈효과를 위해서는 1:50,000농도의 에피네프린이 추천되고 있다. 이들 농도의 에피네프린을 포함한 리도카인으로 국소마취시 에피네프린의 농도가 치수의 혈류 및 치은의 혈류에 미치는 영향을 이해할 필요가 있고 그 영향이 전기치수검사에 대한 치수의 반응성에 미치는 영향도 이해할 필요가 있다. 따라서 혈관수축제를 포함한 국소마취제에 의한 치수혈류의 변화와 치수신경의 반응성을 이해하는 것은 중요하다 하겠다. 본 연구의 목적은 두 가지 농도의 에피네프린을 포함한 국소마취제로 마취시 나타나는 치수 및 치은의 혈류 변화를 치수신경의 반응성과 비교, 관찰함으로써 국소마취제가 치수 및 치은에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 함에 있다. 24세에서 27세까지의 10명의 피검자의 건전한 상악중절치를 시험에 이용하였다. Laser Doppler flowmeter의 probe을 고정하기 위한 splint를 간접법으로 인상용 putty를 이용하여 제작하고 치수 및 치은의 혈류량, 그리고 전기치수검사에 대한 반응성을 측정하기 위한 3개의 구멍을 만들었다. 피검자를 10분간 안정시킨 후 마취 전 10분간 정상 혈류량과 전기검사치를 측정하고 1:50,000 epinephrine과 1:100,00 epinephrine이 각각 함유된 2% 리도카인 용액 0.9 ml를 상악 좌측 중절치 치근단부위 협점막에 침윤마취하였다. 마취 후 70분간 치수 및 치은 혈류량을 laser Doppler flowmeter를 이용해 연속적으로 측정하여 그 수치를 컴퓨터에 저장하였고, 매 5분 간격으로 전기치수검사를 시행하여 그 측정치를 기록하였다. 매 시간 간격의 평균 혈류량을 정상 혈류량에 대한 백분율로 나타내고, 각각의 농도에서 최소 치수 및 치은 혈류량을 Paired t-test, Wilcoxon's signed rank test. Duncan's multiple range test. Fisher's exact test등을 이용. 통계분석 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 에피네프린이 함유되어 있지 않은 리도카인을 협점막에 주사시 혈류변화가 거의 나타나지 않았으나 1:50,000 및 1:100.000 에피네프린이 함유된 2% 리도카인을 협점막에 침윤마취시 치수 및 치은 혈류 공히 현저히 감소하였다(p<0.01). 1:50,000 에피네프린군은 1:100,000 에피네프린군에 비해 치수 혈류량이 현저히 억제되어 나타났으나(p<0.01), 치은 혈류량에서는 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). 두 농도의 에피네프린 군 공히 치은혈류는 치수혈류에 비해 유의하게 많은 감소를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 1:100,000 에피네프린 군에서 마취액 주입 후 치수혈류 최대감소가 가장 먼저 나타났고 이어서 전기검사에 대한 치수의 반응성 소실 및 치은혈류 최대 감소의 순으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 1:50,000 에피네프린군의 경우가 1:100,000 에피네프린군의 경우에 비해 마취지속시간이 길게 나타났으나 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1133-1138
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• 2004

This study has been carried out to investigate the effect of the administration of Rhemanniae Radix extract (5.0 mL/kg/day, RR group) on the hyperglycemic mice (HM group) induced with streptozotocin (STZ). In blood glucose level, RR group showed a significant decrease compared with HM group. The result of glucose tolerance test was more favorable in RR than HM group. A lot of insulin-positive cells and insulin-like growth factor-II positive materials were observed in RR group. A number of apoptotic particles were observed in the HM group, but several apoptotic nuclei were found in RR group. Pancreatic islets of HM group were destructed by the administration of STZ, but islets were recovered from damage in the RR group. These results suggest that administration of Rhemanniae Radix extract to the hyperglycemic mice prevent from the damage induced by STZ.