• Title/Summary/Keyword: 반사이동

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Evaluation of the Usefulness of the Self-developed Kw-infrared Reflective Marker in Non-coplanar Treatment (비동일면 치료 시 자체 제작한 Kw-infrared Reflective Marker의 유용성 평가)

  • Kwon, Dong-Yeol;Ahn, Jong-Ho;Park, Young-Hwan;Song, Ki-Won
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: In radiotherapy that takes into account respiration using a RPM (Real time Position Management, Varian, USA) system, which can treat in consideration of the movement of tumor, infrared reflective markers supplied by manufacturers cannot obtain respiratory signal if the couch rotates at a certain angle or larger. In order to solve this problem, the author developed the 3D infrared reflective marker named 'Kw-marker' that can obtain respiratory signal at any angle, and evaluate its usefulness. Materials and Methods: In order to measure the stability of respiratory signal, we put the infrared reflective marker on the 3D moving phantom that can reproduce respiratory movement and acquired respiratory signal for 3 minutes under each of 3 conditions (A: $couch\;0^{\circ}$, a manufacturer's infrared reflective marker B: $couch\;0^{\circ}$, Kw-marker C: $couch\;90^{\circ}$, Kw-marker). By analyzing the respiratory signal using a breath analysis program (Labview Ver. 7.0), we obtained the peak value, valley value, standard deviation, variation value, and amplitude value. In order to examine the rotation error and moving range of the target, we placed a B.B phantom on the 3D moving phantom, and obtained images at a couch angle of $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ using OBI, and then acquired the X, Y and Z values (mm) of the ball bearing at the center of the B.B phantom. Results: According to the results of analyzing the respiratory signal, the standard deviation at the peak value was A: 0.002, B: 0.002 and C: 0.003, and the stability of respiration for amplitude was A: 0.15%, B: 0.14% and C:0.13%, showing that we could get respiratory signal stably by using the Kw-marker. When the couch rotated $couch\;90^{\circ}$, the mean rotation error of the ball bearing, namely, the target was X: -1.25 mm, Y: -0.45 mm and Z: +0.1 mm, which were within 1.3 mm on the average in all directions, and the difference in the moving range of the target was within 0.3 mm. Conclusion: When we obtained respiratory signal using the Kw-marker in non-coplanar treatment where the couch rotated, we could acquire respiratory signal stably and the Kw-marker was effective enough to substitute for the manufacturer's infrared reflective marker. When the rotation error and moving range of the target were measured, there was little difference, indicating that the displacement of the reflector movement in couch rotation is the cause of change in the scale and amplitude of respiratory signal. If the converted value of amplitude height according to couch angle is studied further and applied, it may be possible to perform non-coplanar phase-based gating treatment.

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Analysis of Sediment Transport in the Gaeya Open Channel by Complex Wave Field (복합 파랑장에 따른 개야수로 퇴적물이동 분석)

  • Jang, Changhwan
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2021
  • In order to analyze wave propagation, tidal current, and sediment transport in the vicinity of the Gaeya open channel, it was classified into before(CASE1W) and after(CASE2W) installation of various artificial structures, and the calculation results for CASE1W and CASE2W were compared. For wave propagation, the results of incident and reflected waves were derived using the SWAN numerical model, and the tidal current velocity results were derived using the FLOW2DH numerical model for tidal current. The results of the SWAN numerical model and the FLOW2DH numerical model became the input conditions for the SEDTRAN numerical model that predicts sediment transport, and the maximum bed shear stress and suspended sediment concentration distribution near the Gaeya open channel were calculated through the SEDTRAN numerical model. As a result of the calculation of the SWAN numerical model, the wave height of CASE2W was increased by 40~50 % compared to CASE1W because the incident wave was diffracted and superimposed and the reflected wave was generated by about 7 km long northen jetty. As a result of the calculation of the FLOW2DH numerical model, According to the northen breakwater, the northen jetty and Geumrando, CASE2W was calculated 10~30 % faster than CASE1W in the tidal current of the Gaeya open channel. As a result of the calculation of the SEDTRAN numerical model, the section where the maximum bed shear stress is 1.0 N/m2 or more and the suspended concentration is 80mg/L or more was widely distributed in the Gaeya open channel from the marine environment by the complex wave field(incident wave, reflected wave and tidal wave) and the installation of various artificial structures. it is believed that a sedimentation phenomenon occurred in the Gaeya open channel.

Establishment of nanometer length standardization using the monolithic x-ray interferometer (일체식 엑스선 간섭계를 이용한 나노미터 표준확립)

  • 김원경;정용환;박진원;김재완;엄천일;권대갑
    • Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.35-35
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    • 2002
  • 나노미터 표준을 확립하기 위하여 일체식 엑스선 간섭계에 광간섭계를 결합시킨 복합간섭계를 구성하였다. 복합간섭계는 광간섭계의 Zero crossing 지점부터 표준시편이 올려진 미소이동대의 이동거리를 변화된 위상값으로 읽고 그 변화량을 고분해능 변위 측정기인 엑스선 간섭계로 읽어들이는 구조로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 미소이동대의 위치 변화와 관련된 광간섭계의 위상 안정도, 엑스선 간섭계 및 미소이동대의 위치 안정도 등이 나노미터 영역의 길이 측정에 매우 중요한 요인이 되므로, 미소이동대의 위치 변화시 정지상태에서의 위상 잠김 (phase locking) 안정도를 측정하였다. 마이켈슨 레이저간섭계의 한쪽 팔을 고정시키고 다른 한 팔은 미소이동대 위에 반사거울을 설치하여 미소이동대의 움직임을 측정하였다. 보다 안정된 위상잠김 상태를 확보하기 위하여 PID feedback loop controller를 사용하였다. 측정 결과 위상 변동폭이 0.022 degree 이하의 높은 위상잠김 안정도를 확보하였으며, 이를 길이단위로 환산하면 정지상태에서 약 0.02 nm 이하의 위치 안정도를 나타낸다.

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Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching에 의한 InAlP표면 Texture 형성 및 반사율 변화

  • Sin, Hyeon-Uk;O, Si-Deok;Lee, Se-Won;Choe, Jeong-U;Sin, Jae-Cheol;Kim, Hyo-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.08a
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    • pp.304-304
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    • 2012
  • III-V 화합물 태양전지는 실리콘 등 다른 태양전지에 비해 1sun상 30% 이상의 고효율을 갖고 있고 direct bandgap과 높은 이동도 등의 물질특성과 3족과 5족의 비율 조절로 같은 결정구조에서 에너지 bandgap이 다른 물질들을 만들기에 용이하여 태양전지 스펙트럼의 넓은 영역을 흡수할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그러나 셀 자체의 물질이 실리콘에 비하여 고가여서 고성능이 요구되는 우주 인공위성 등에 적용이 되었지만, 2000년대 이후로 집광에 적용 가능한 태양전지의 연구를 거듭하여 2005년부터는 값싼 프레넬 렌즈를 이용하여 1 sun에 비해 500배 해당하는 빛을 셀에 집광하여 보다 효율을 증가시킴으로써 지상발전용에도 적용 가능한 셀을 형성하게 되었다. 더불어 태양전지의 효율을 증가시키기 위한 다양한 구조적 변화의 시도도 많이 이루어지고 있다. 최근 실리콘 태양전지의 표면에 texture 구조를 주어 높은 흡수율과 낮은 반사율을 갖게 함으로써 효율을 증가시키는 사례가 많아지고, III-V 화합물 태양전지도 texturing에 의해 증가된 효율을 발표한바 있다. 본 연구에서는 III-V 화합물 InGaP 태양전지의 window층으로 사용되는 InAlP 층에 Metal-assisted chemical etching (mac etching) 방법으로 texture 구조를 형성하여 etching 시간에 따른 InAlP층의 표면 변화와 반사율의 변화를 분석하였다.

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Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Structure Using Layered Composite Plates (적층 복합재 판을 이용한 전자기파 흡수 구조체의 설계)

  • 오정훈;홍창선;오경섭;김천곤;이동민
    • Composites Research
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 2002
  • The absorption and the interference shielding of the problems thor both commercial and military purposes. In this study, the minimization of the electromagnetic wale reflections using composite layers with different dielectric properties was performed. Dielectric constants were measured for glass/epoxy composites containing conductive carbon blacks and carbon/epoxy fabric composites. Using the measured permittivities of the composites having various carbon black contents, the optimal electromagnetic wave absorbing structure in X-band(8.2GHz-12.4GHz) was determined. The optimal multi-layered composite plates have the thickness of 2.6mm. The maximum reflection loss is -30dB at 10GHz, and the bandwidth haying the absorptivity lower than -l0dB is about 2GHz.

Protoflight Model Development of Retroreflector Array for STSAT-2 (과학기술위성2호 레이저반사경의 준비행모델 개발)

  • Lee, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Jun-Ho;Jin, Jong-Han;Kim, Hyung-Myung
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.35 no.12
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    • pp.1135-1142
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    • 2007
  • STSAT-2 has an on-board satellite retroreflector array for precise orbit determination. Satellite retroreflector array reflects photon emitted from laser and uses to determine precisely the distance from ground station to satellite by the round-trip travel time of photon. The retroreflector array of protoflight model has been developed and verified through environmental tests. This paper describes the protoflight model of retroreflector array and reports environmental test results. The environmental tests of protoflight model retroreflector array were performed successfully without damage of corner cube prism occurred in engineering model development.

Analysis of Characteristics of Ku/C Band Modified Square Loop Frequency Selective Surface (Ku/C 밴드 변형된 사각 루프 주파수 선택 반사기 특성 해석)

  • 노행숙;이동진;최학근
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.186-196
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, modified square loop frequency selective surface for dualband communication antenna systems is proposed, and the scattering characteristics is discussed. The analysis for the problem of scattering by periodic structures with a dielectric slab is formulated using the spectral-domain immittance approach and Floquet's theorem. The method of moments which uses rooftop subdomain basis function is employed to solve the equations. Numerical results include the comparison between the transmission characteristic of general square loop and that of modified square loop. Also, the transmission characteristics of modified square loop for arbitrary incident angle and polarization is presented. To verify analysis results, modified square loop frequency selective surface was fabricated and the calculated results were compared with the measured results. The measured results showed good agreement with the calculated results.

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The Fast Convergent Solution of E-Polarized Reflection Coefficient by a Perfect Conductor Strip Grating (완전도체 스트립 회절격자에 의한 E-분극 반사계수의 급속한 수염해)

  • Uei-Joong Yoon
    • The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 1995
  • The E-polarized scattering problems by a perfect conductor strip grating are analyzed by the method of moments. For an E-polarization the induced surface current density is expected to blow up at the strip both edges. Then the induced surface current density on the strip is expanded in a series of multiplication of Ultraspherical ploynomials with zeroth order and functions with appropriate edge boundary condition. The numerical results for current density and reflection cofficient are compared with other functions, it is shown that numerical results better improves the convergence of the moment method soulutions with general incident angles than the existing several other functions. The sharp variation points in the magnitude of geometric-optical reflection coefficient can be moved by varying the incident angle, strip width, and strip spacing.

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Short-range Precipitation Prediction using Radar Echo Correlation (Radar Echo Correlation을 이용한 단시간 강수예측기법 개발)

  • Kim, Gwang-Seob;Kim, Jong-Pil
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2005.05b
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    • pp.924-927
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    • 2005
  • 한반도의 강수패턴을 보면 강수일수는 감소하나 호우일수는 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 특히, 우리나라는 강수의 대부분이 하계에 집중되어 있고, 단시간에 강수의 변화가 심하기 때문에 기존의 수치예보를 보완해줄 수 있는 예보체계의 확립이 불가피한 실정이다. TREC(Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation)기법은 폭풍에 대한 내부 움직임을 결정하기 위한 목적으로 Rinehart와 Garvey(1978)에 의해 처음 개발된 것으로 비교적 간단하게 레이더 에코를 이용하여 강수의 이동경로를 추적할 수 있다. 일정한 시간 간격으로 제공되는 레이더 반사도 자료에 대하여 설정된 두 window 사이의 상관계수의 최대치를 찾아냄으로써 강수의 움직임을 파악하였다. 개발된 기법은 레이더 에코로부터 강수의 안정된 이동방향과 이동속도를 제시하기 위하여 상관성 분석과 함께 일치성 분석 및 가중함수에 의한 이동 백터장 보정을 수행하였다. 또한 이동 백터의 외삽을 통하여 강우이동경로와 대상유역의 단시간 예측 면적 강우 산정 방법을 제시하였다. 결과는 개선된 단시간 강수예측 가능성을 보여주었다.

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A Study on the Optimal Position Selection of site for Microcell Mobile Communications (마이크로셀 이동통신 기지국의 최적 위치 선정에 관한 연구)

  • 임금수
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1998.06e
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    • pp.227.2-231
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    • 1998
  • 서비스 반경이 1[km]이내인 마이크로셀 방식은 실제 이동국이 70[%]이상 전파 음영지역에 위치하기 때문에, 셀 반경내에 있는 지형과 구조물들에 의해 매우 큰 영향을 받는다. 그러므로, 셀내 지형지물의 형상에 따라 달라지는 전파경로를 추적하여 이동통신 전파환경을 분석함으로써 최적 기지국 위치를 선정할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이동국이 가시거리 영역의 전파 음영지역 또는 가시거리 영역과 일정 경사각으로 기울어져 있는 비가시거리 영역에 위치한 경우로 구분하고, 삼각해석법에 의해 각 영역에서의 반사횟수의 전파 경로를 각각 연산처리하는 알고리즘을 개발하여 마이크로셀 PCS 이동통신 도심 전파환경에서 시뮬레이션하고, 그 결과를 분석함으로써 마이크로셀 이동통신 최적 기지국의 위치 선정 조건을 제시한다.

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