• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.27
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• pp.1-30
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• 2012

Oshii Mamoru attempts to project the perception of reality about his own modern world as it is through animation. The precedent studies on Oshii Mamoru put their focus on the point that his works have a tendency to represent the devastation of reality as the image of 'a ruin.' In addition, they gave an impression that Oshii Mamoru's animation has gradually developed to expose the 'realistic taste[beauty]' from the design perspective. However, this study is going to put its focus on the point that Mamoru's works were created as an attempt at finding the subversive possibility of the suppressed modern world under the modern capitalism in the aspect of 'everyday life' of the modern world. First, for its analytical purpose, this study intends to do that by dividing the work into the three layers such as space, body and everyday life. In Chapter II, this study, in relation with the issue of 'space' representation, analyzed the space in into the modern, mechanical, compactly capitalized space and also the space just like a closed circuit having the nature of 'repetition.' In Chapter III, this analyzed that suggests the body moving freely between a human named 'Kildren' and the inhuman from the aspect of character's body, through which Mamoru represents the capitalized, reified body of the modern world. In addition, this analyzed the extreme anxiety facing the body into the reflection of the phenomena of 'anxiety' and 'placelessness' consequent on the labor flexibility of the modern world. In Chapter IV, this study, on the basis of the analysis of layers of space & body, analyzed that the 'everyday life' of the modern world was represented in the respects of 'memory' and 'habit', and in the aspects of Mise-en-Sc$\grave{e}$ne, design and direction. In Chapter V, this rooted out the fact that Mamoru suggested the attempt at 'appropriation' based on his perception of reality about such a modern world. Such a finding includes unearthing the fact that Oshii Mamoru's work is raising a question about how to desert and appropriate the modern space. In conclusion of Chapter VI, this drew the conclusion that Oshii Mamoru's work represented the layer of 'everyday life' while dealing with the post-modern themes shown by the existing modern SF genre, provided the 'window' through which people can perceive the 'modern world radically by recommending an attempt at 'appropriation', and blazed a trail in a new realm of creation for animations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

To know the emission amount of greenhouse gases from bedding materials of cowshed floor, the emission rates of methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) gases from a simulated cowshed floor (SCF) with sawdust that manure loading rate into the bedding material could be accurately controlled were assessed in this study. The manure loading rates of Korean beef and Holstein dairy cattle into the SCF of $0.258m^2$ surface area with 10 to 15 cm height sawdust were $1.586kg/m^2/d$ and $3.588kg/m^2/d$, respectively, and those were calculated on the basis of "Standard model for sustainable livestock" and "Data for excretion amount of manure from livestock". All experiments were done in triplicates in three different seasons (May to July, Sep. to Nov., and Feb. to Apr.) using 12 SCFs. The effects of bedding material thickness on $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emission from SCFs for both Korean beef cattle and Holstein dairy cattle were not statistically significant (p<0.05). Emission amount of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ per square meter of SCF for Holstein dairy cattle was 7.5 and 1.2 times higher than that of Korean beef cattle, respectively. The yearly $CH_4$ amount per head was 17.7 times higher in Holstein dairy cattle, obtaining 130.4 g/head/year from SCF for Holstein dairy cattle and 7.4 g/head/year from SCF for Korean beef cattle, and $N_2O$ was also 3.8 times higher in Holstein dairy cattle (3,267 g/head/year in Korean beef cattle and 14,719 g/head/year in Holstein dairy cattle). However, the $N_2O$-N per loaded nitrogen into SCF was higher in Korean beef cattle, having 0.2148 and 0.1632 kg $N_2O$-N/kg N in Korean beef cattle and Holstein dairy cattle, respectively, and those values were 3.07 and 2.33 times higher than that of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 guideline (GL) (0.07 kg $N_2O$-N/kg N).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 2003

Background : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods : Forty patients (21 men, 19 women ; age range, 37 to 73 years; median, 63 years) with unresectable stage IIIB to IV NSCLC were evaluated. Patients received cisplatin $60mg/m^2$ (Day 1), gemcitabine $1200mg/m^2$ (Day 1 and 8) every 21 days. Eighteen patients had stage IIIB disease and 22 had stage IV. There were 28 patients of adenocarcinoma (70.0%), 11 of squamous cell carcinoma (27.5%), and one of large cell carcinoma (2.5%). Results : Of 40 patients, no patients showed complete response while 15(37.5%) showed partial response, 7(17.5%) had stable diseases, 18(45%) had progressive diseases. During a total of 195 courses of chemotherapy, grade 3 or more granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia occured in 12.5% and 2.5% of patients respectively. Non-hematologic toxicity was mild and easily controlled. There was one case of treatment-related death by pneumomia. The median survival was 55 weeks (95% CI, 34~75weeks), and the time to progression was 19 weeks (95% CI, 16~23weeks). One year survival rate was 55% and 2 year survival rate was 10%. Conclusion : The efficacy of cisplatin and gemcitabine combination chemotherapy was acceptable in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.451-456
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• 2009

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic infection that occurs following the ingestion of infectious Paragonimus metacercariae, which occurs as a result of eating raw or undercooked freshwater crabs or crayfish. Pulmonary paragonimiasis is the most common clinical manifestation of this infection. Human paragonimiasis occurs sporadically. We experienced a case of pulmonary paragonimiasis in a 35-year-old woman with left lower chest pain. The patient had hypereosinophilia and a pleural effusion. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) that detected Paragonimiasis westermani antibody in the serum. We treated the patient with praziquantel for two days at a daily dosage of 75 mg/kg. Left pleuritic pain and pleural effusion improved after treatment. However, similar symptoms and pleural effusion developed recurrently for the first 3 courses of treatment with praziquantel. Upon the fourth round of treatment, the patient made a full recovery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2003

Purpose : Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) play an important role in regulating blood flow by releasing vasoactive substances. It has been reported that endothelial impairment and dysfunction might be a primary cause of placental vascular disease, which is manifested clinically as preeclampsia in mother and intrauterine growth restriction in fetus. Furthermore, the frequency of apoptotic changes is increased in umbilical and placental tissues from growth-restricted pregnancies. However, the various mechanisms of umbilical endothelial cell apoptosis have not been broadly proposed. We investigate the effects of amiloride derivatives on apoptotic death of HUVECs and identify their ionic mechanism. Methods : HUVECs were purchased from Clonetics, and cultured on endothelial cell growth medium. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used for assessing cytotoxic effect and confirming the apoptosis. Changes in intracellular ion concentrations were measured with specific fluorescent dyes and fluorescence imaging analysis system. Results : Amiloride derivatives elicited cytotoxic effects on HUVECs with dose-dependent manners and the rank order of potency is HMA($IC_{50}\;11.2{\mu}M$), MIA>EIPA>>amiloride. HMA-induced cytotoxicity is dependent on extra- and intracellular pH, that is, increase extra- and intracellular pH augmented the cytotoxic effects of HMA. HMA dose-dependently reduced intracellular major ions, such as $K^+$ and $Cl^-$. Interestingly, the depletion of intracellular ions induced by HMA was also significantly enhanced at alkaline extracellular pH. Conclusion : Amiloride derivatives induce apoptosis of HUVECs with dose and pH dependent manners. They reduce intracellular $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ concentration, which is also extracellular pH dependent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.430-439
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of web-based nutrition counseling on food intake and dietary behavior of type II diabetic patients. Forty type II diabetic patients, twenty -one of them were diabetic patients without complication (Ncx -DM) and nineteen of them were diabetic patients with complication (Cx-DM), participated in a web-based nutrition counseling program. At the first nutrition counseling, the patients were counselled through interview and then follow up nutrition counseling was accomplished four times during eight weeks through the web-based internet program. The web-based nutrition counseling program was consisted of diet management, nutrition counseling, nutritional assessment and follow-up management pro-gram The diet therapy knowledge score increased significantly (p<0.001) in both groups after the nutrition counseling. The dietary behavior score also increased significantly (p<0.001). For food frequency, vegetable (p<0.01), fish & shellfish (p<0.01) and seaweed (p<0.01) intake increased significantly, while potatoes, bread and carbohydrate beverage intake decreased, specially sugar products (p<0.01) and instant food (p<0.01) intake decreased significantly in both groups after the nutrition counseling, The evaluation of the web-based nutrition counseling and its program by the diabetic patients showed above average in all domains, specially the evaluation scores of younger aged patients habituated to practice computer were better than those of older aged patients. Therefore, this study shows that the web-based nutrition counseling is effective for improving dietary behavior and food intake of the patients. In addition, these results indicate that internet presents us with potential as a new medium for nutrition counseling ill informationized society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.691-700
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to estimate food intakes of the long-lived elderly and to obtain the data for establishing dietary guidelines that may be recommended for the general population for the sake of longvity. The subjects of the study were 224 elderly people of age over 85 years living in Kyungpook Sung-Ju area who have no problem in daily living. The food consumption survey was carried out seasonally by the repeated 24-hr recall method for one year. The subject group for this study was composed of 58 males and 166 females, the average age being 87 years old. Food intakes of the winter were more than any other seasons. The mean daily total food intake per capita was 594.4g, 513.5 g (86.4%) from plant foods and 79.3 g(13.3%) from animal foods. The sequence of high intakes of food groups were cereals, vegetables, fruits, fishes, legumes and meats. Boiled white rice, beef soup, soybean paste soup, soybean paste stew, broiled yellow croaker, kimchi, ra myon and broiled noodles were consumed most frequently. In conclusion, the subjects consumed much more plants foods than animal foods and consumed more natural and seasonal foods than processed foods and also showed food habits of eating small meals. Dietary habits of eating small meals containing abundant amount of fresh plant foods might partially contribute to the longevity of the subjects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.422-429
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• 2013

It is generally known that the increase of the Earth surface temperature due to the global warming together with the land desertification by rapid urban development has caused severe climate and weather change. In desert or desertification land, it is observed that there are always severe flooding phenomena, even if desert sand has the high porosity, which could be believed as the favorable condition of rain water infiltration into ground water. The high runoff feature causes possibly another heavy rain by quick evaporation with the depletion of underground water due to the lack of infiltration. The basic physics of desert flooding is reasonably assumed due to the thermal buoyancy of the higher temperature of the soil temperature than that of the rain drop. Considering the importance of this topic associated with water resource management and climate disaster prevention, no systematic investigation has, however, been reported in literature. In this study, therefore, a laboratory scale experiment together with the effort of numerical calculation have been performed to evaluate quantitatively the basic hypothesis of run-off mechanism caused by the increase of soil temperature. To this end, first, of all, a series of experiment has been made repeatedly with the change of soil temperature with well-sorted coarse sand having porosity of 35% and particle diameter, 2.0 mm. In specific, in case 1, the ground surface temperature was kept at $15^{\circ}C$, while in case 2 that was high enough at $70^{\circ}C$. The temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ was tested as this try since the informal measured surface temperature of black sand in California's Coachella Valley up to at 191 deg. $^{\circ}F$ ($88^{\circ}C$). Based on the experimental study, it is observed that the amount of runoff at $70^{\circ}C$ was higher more than 5% compared to that at $15^{\circ}C$. Further, the relative amount of infiltration by the decrease of the surface temperature from 70 to $15^{\circ}C$ is about more than 30%. The result of numerical calculation performed was well agreed with the experimental data, that is, the increase of runoff in calculation as 4.6%. Doing this successfully, a basic but important research could be made in the near future for the more complex and advanced topic for this topic.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1991

There are some rather conflicting reports correlating ECS-induced changes of brain acetylcholine, and recently, Zawia and Bondy(1990) proposed the biological role of polyamine system in the long-term adaptive responses of brain to electrical stimulation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of a single or repeated ECS(10mA, 100cps, 1sec; 5 ECS spread out over 9 days) on the brain acetylcholine(ACh) and polyamine contents of male mice. The ACh contents of temporal cortex(TCx) and decorticated cerebrum(dc-CB) were markedly increased by 79.9% and 49.4%, respectively, 10 and 30 min after ECS, and the increases were significantly attenuated with repeated 5 ECS, particularly in dc-CB. The putrescine concentrations of both TCx and dc-CB were little different and not affected by 1 ECS or 5 ECS. But the spermidine(Sd) concentration was higher in dc-CB and spermine(Sm) higher in TCx. While they were moderately decreased after 1 ECS, and their decreases were accentuated after 5 ECS, particularly in dc-CB.Sm(30mg/kg, i.p. inject. 30min before ECS) did not affect the ECS-induced increase of ACh content. Thease results suggest that both of brain ACh and polyamine may be implicated with the long-term adaptive responses to electrical stimulation

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2016

A dental panoramic radiography which usually uses low level X-rays is subject to the Nuclear Safety Act when it is installed for the purpose of education. This paper measures radiation dose and spatial dose rate by usage and thereby aims to verify the effectiveness of radiation safety equipment and provide basic information for radiation safety of radiation workers and students. After glass dosimeter (GD-352M) is attached to direct exposure area, the teeth, and indirect exposure area, the eye lens and the thyroid, on the dental radiography head phantom, these exposure areas are measured. Then, after dividing the horizontal into a $45^{\circ}$, it is separated into seven directions which all includes 30, 60, 90, 120 cm distance. The paper shows that the spatial dose rate is the highest at 30 cm and declines as the distance increases. At 30 cm, the spatial dose rate around the starting area of rotation is $3,840{\mu}Sv/h$, which is four times higher than the lowest level $778{\mu}Sv/h$. Furthermore, the spatial dose rate was $408{\mu}Sv/h$ on average at the distance of 60 cm where radiation workers can be located. From a conservative point of view, It is possible to avoid needless exposure to radiation for the purpose of education. However, in case that an unintended exposure to radiation happens within a radiation controlled area, it is still necessary to educate radiation safety. But according to the current Medical Service Act, in medical institutions, even if they are not installed, the equipment such as interlock are obliged by the Nuclear Safety Law, considering that the spatial dose rate of the educational dental panoramic radiography room is low. It seems to be excessive regulation.