• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.5-31
• /
• 2006

Since enforcement of the anti-prostitution law, in spite of systematic setting helping escape prostitution of the women who engage in prostitution that they have had the will lasting prostitution. Therefore, this study aimed to devise intervention plan helping their escape prostitution and return to social by examining individual and structural factor obstructing their escape prostitution The data were collected through the in-depth interview and text. And these were analysed according to coding, constitution of concept, matching, construction of explanation on the phenomenon. The nine women who engaging in prostitution were participated in this study. As a result of the data analysis, 46 concepts and 10 categories were generated. By classification of individual and structural factor, the outcomes of an interpretation were as follows: The cause obstructing Prostitutes' escape prostitution were (1) distrust on the policy of the government, (2) life-script was made by reaction-formation, (3) predestined resignation caused by anxiety, (4) body as capital goods, and (5) the commensal model with pimp. Based on this result, we proposed practical and political alternative plans for prostitutes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.38 no.7
• /
• pp.619-624
• /
• 2014

The critical heat flux (CHF) on a heat transfer surface with nanostructures is known to be significantly better than that on flat surfaces. Several physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. However, almost all studies conducted so far have been qualitative, and a generalized theory has not yet been established. In this study, we developed a quantitative mechanism for CHF enhancement on a surface with nanostructures, based on vapor recoil and surface adhesion forces. We focused on the increase in the length of the triple contact line owing to the formation of nanostructures and the adhesion force between them and the liquid.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.158-168
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to know the main defense mechanisms used by adolescent victims of school violence. Subjects of this study are composed of 41 adolescent victims(clinical group) and 40 normal adolescents(control group). Clinical group is divided into four subgroups of inpatient, outpatient, day hospital, and school groups. Used scales are Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test(EDMT) and Staittrait anger scale. Several important results are found. Adoescent victims use neurotic defense mechanisms of neurotic and mature level less frequently than normal adolescents. In clinical group day hospital adolescents use more mature defense mechanisms than outpatient adolescents. Displacement and acting out are correlated with trait and sate anger. Somatization is correlated with trait anger, and regression is correlated with state anger significantly.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.121-155
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study as a research of experience of sexual offenders who are in confinement in prisons and forensic facilities is to theoretically investigate fundamental structures of their experiences and to practically construct basic data to present intervention programs of sexual offenders. This study was conducted by hermeneutical and phenomenological methods invoked of the analytic framework of Van-Manen (1990) about seven sexual offenders. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, and the results of the interpretation are shown as perception that they were victims of public opinion, the mark of Cain, loss of opportunity of examination caused by show window, collective differentiation through distinction, expression of metaphysical being that wants to slip out of the skin, counterplot of scientific management techniques, undifferentiation from the Imaginary, sexual acts shown as inverted communication, discovering dominant domain as forming reaction to being controlled, not being free from capitalistic attributes in which even children's sex is commercialized, distortion in socialization of sexual identity, paternity stamped as embodiment of suppressed desire, recovery of lost virginity of mother through children, and family as a name broken to pieces.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2015

In order to study the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of copper slag, optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, EPMA, AAS and XRD analyses were carried out. In addition, sulfuric acid leaching experiments were performed to investigate the potential of the slag as a copper resource. It was confirmed that fayalite, chromite, bornite and chalcopyrite were contained in the slag. The slag mainly consisted of acicular fayalite and skeletal lath -euhedral chromite crystals. Also a very large amount of bornite and chalcopyrite grains were contained in the slag. The content of Fe and Cu in the slag was 18.37% and 0.93%, respectively. As a result of sulfuric acid leaching experiments, the leaching rates of Cu and Fe were increased through decreasing the slag particle size, increasing the sulfuric acid concentration and the leaching temperature. The maximum efficiency of Cu and Fe leaching were obtained under the conditions of particle size of 32 mesh, sulfuric acid concentration of 2.0 M, and leaching temperature of $60^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, it is expected that the slag could be available as a potential and alternative resource of metallic copper.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.42
• /
• pp.423-447
• /
• 2015

This paper gives analyses on the historical origin where features from social punishment and re-socialization in North Korea have been developed. The process of the development largely consists of three periods, that is, the period of nation construction (1945-1950), the period of Korean War (1950-1953), the period of nation reconstruction (1950-1961). This paper provides that features from punishment and re-socialization have been developed during the historical transformation from pre-Korean War to post-Korean War. The 'wartime socialism system' had been established in the course of reconstruction of postwar nation. In the system, North Korean had been embraced into the structure of re-socialization in its production unit and living space.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2004

We separated the multilayer structure of CD-R(compact disk-recordable) and investigated optimal spot marking conditions and physical and chemical transitions in response to various laser beam energh levels. Spot marking(80 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ spot size) was produced on the surface of each layer using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser between 27 mJ and 373mJ. By investigating resulting pit formation with Optical Microscopy(OM) and Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT), we analyzed the formation process of spot marking in the multilayer structure of different chemical composition. The localized heating of the substrate in the multilayer thin film caused the short temporal thermal expansion, and absorbed optical energy between reflective and dye interfaces melted dye and increased the volume. During the cooling phase, formation of pit and surrounding rim can be explained by three distinct processes; effect of surface tension, evaporation by spontaneous temperature increase due to laser energy, and mass flow from the recoil pressure. Our results shows that the spot marking formation process in the multilayer thin film is closely related to the layers' physical, chemical, and optical properties, such as surface tension, melt viscosity, layer thickness, and chemical composition.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.11 no.3_4
• /
• pp.259-270
• /
• 2002

A small granodiorite-quartz monzonitic stock containing sericitic and propylitic alteration assemblages hosts a Cu-W breccia-pipe deposit in the southeastern Cyeongsang basin. The mineralized breccia-pipe contains angular to subangular brecciated fragments of granitic rocks showing clast-supported textures. An assemblage of quartz, tourmalines, sulfide minerals (mainly chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite) and calcite was precipitated as a hydrothermal cement between the brecciated fragments. A tourmaline aureole surrounds the breccia pipe. Extensive tourmalinization of the granitic rocks near and within the pipe and no tourmalinization in the sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The tourmalines are marked by Fe-rich, black charcoal-like schorl (80 mol% schorl relative) nearer the schorl-dravite solid solution. The chemical changes in the hydrothermal fluid are reflected by variations in compositional Boning from cores to rims. They generally contain cores with low values of Fe/(Fe+Mg) and high values of Na/(Na+ca) relative to rims. This is because of an increase Fe and Ca contents toward rims. The main trend of these variations is a combination of the exchange vectors Ca(Fe, Mg) $(NaAl)_{- }$ $_1$ and $Fe^{3}^{+}$ $Al_{[-10]}$ $_1$ It is thought that boiling causes the loss of $H_2$ into the vapor phase resulting in the oxidation of Fe in the aqueous phase. pH of the melt would be one of important controlling factors for the tourmaline stability. The tourmalines could be precipitated when the system evolved to the acidic hydrothermal regime as most hydrothermal brines and acidic gases exsolved from the magma. The Ilgwang tourmaline crystallization is products of hypogene orthomagmatic hydrothermal processes that were strongly pipe-controlled.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.78-97
• /
• 2016

The objectives of this study are to examine the context of the establishment of Suhoe Gugok, Byeokgye Gugok Vally, and Nosan Palkyung, which have been established in Seojong-myeon of Yangpyeong-gun, by literature review and site investigations, and to determine the sceneries of Byeokgye scenic site as enjoyed and managed during the period of Hwaseo Lee, Hang-ro(華西 李恒老). The results of the study are as follows. First, Byeokgye Gugok Vally(黃蘗九曲) and Nosan Palkyung(蘆山八景), which have been established after the period of Hwaseo and theorized to have been established around key scenic areas associated with Hwaseo's activities, the analysis results showed that they were collecting sceneries of modern times. The extensive overlap between Byeokgye Gugok Vally and concentrated scenic elements of Suhoe Gugok(水回九曲), and the artificial configuration from the end point of Suhoe Gugok to the beginning point of Nosan Palkyung, reveal the pattern of space conflict and hegemony between Byeokgyes of Suip-ri and Nomun-ri. This is likely to be caused by the conflict between the historicity of the group that enjoyed Byeokgye prior to Hwaso's period and the strong territoriality of the space filled with the image of Hwaseo. Second, Byeokgye Gugok Vally was the secondary spatial system created by selecting the most scenic sites in Suip-ri while expanding the area of Nosan Palkyung. After establishment of Byeokgye Gugok Vally, the spatial identity of the entire Byeokgyecheon area was effectively established. This was a "Hwaseo-oriented" move, including the complete exclusion of the scenic sites from the pre-Hwaseo period such as Cheongseo Gujang and Suhoe Gugok's Letters Carved on the Rock. Consequently, the entire Byeokgyecheon area was reorganized into a cultural scenic site with Heoseo's influence. Third, Fifth, creations of Gugok(九曲) to determine the lineage of the Hwaseo School from Juja(朱子) to Yulgok(栗谷) to Uam(尤庵) to Hwaseo is likely to be an opportunity of birth and external motivation of the establishment of new Gugok Palkyung. In other words, Nosan Palkyung and Byeokgye Gugok Vally are likely to have been created as a reaction to the change of the center of the Hwaseo School to Okgyedong, and with strategic orientation based on the motivation and needs such as creation of the connecting space between Mui Gugok, Gosan Gugok, and Okgye Gugok, and the elevation of Hwaseo's status. Fourth, from the Hwaseo's Li-centric point of view, all revered sites in Beokwon(蘗園) that he managed existed as the spatial creative work to experience the existence of "li" through the objects in the landscape and the boundary of the spirit of emptiness of the aesthetic self. This clearly shows how Byeokgye Gugok Vally or Nosan Palkyung must be defined, and furthermore, appreciated and approached, prior to discussing it as the space associated with Hwaseo. Fifth, Nosan Palkyung was composed of cultural scenic landscapes of Gokjungkyung(曲中景) with eight scenic sites where Hwaseo gave his teachings and spend time around, in the Byeokgye of Nomun-ri area of Byeokgye Gugok Vally. The sceneries is, however, collected by depending on Hwaseo's Letters Carved on the Rock and poetry. Consequently, an inner exuberance of Nosan Palkyung is satisfied beside Byeokgye Gugok Vally, but its conceptual adequacy leaves room for questions.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2002

The Xiaoxinancha Cu-Au deposit in the Jilin province, located in NNE 800 km of Beijing, is hosted by diorite. The ore mineralization of Xiaoxinancha Cu-Au deposit show a stockwork occurrence that is concentrated on the potassic and phyllic alteration zones. The Xiaoxinancha Cu-Au deposit in the south is being mined with its reserves grading 0.8% Cu, 3.64 g/t Au and 16.8 g/t Ag and in the north, grading 0.63% Cu, 3.80 g/t Au and 6.8 glt Ag. The alteration assemblage occurs as a supergene blanket over deposit. Hydrothermal alteration at the Xiaoxinancha Cu-Au deposit is centered about the stock and was extensively related to the emplacement of the stock. Early hydrothermal alteration was dominantly potassic and followed by propylitic alteration. Chalcocite, often associated with hematite, account for the ore-grade copper, while chalcopyrite, bornite, quartz, epidote, chlorite and calcite constitute the typical gangue assemblage. Other minor opaque phases include pyrite, marcasite, native gold, electrum, hessite, hedleyite, volynskite, galenobismutite, covellite and goethite. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the formation of this porphyry copper deposit is thought to be a result of cooling followed by mixing with dilute and cooler meteoric water with time. In stage II vein, early boiling occurred at 497$^{\circ}$C was succeeded by the occurrence of halite-bearing type III fluid inclusion with homogenization temperature as much as 100$^{\circ}$C lower. The salinities of type 1II fluid inclusion in stage II vein are 54.3 to 66.9 wt.% NaCI + KCI equiv. at 383$^{\circ}$ to 495$^{\circ}$C, indicating the formation depth less than 1 km. Type I cupriferous fluids in stage III vein have the homogenization temperatures and salinity of 168$^{\circ}$ to 365$^{\circ}$C and 1.1 to 9.0 wt.% NaCI equiv. These fluid inclusions in stage III veins were trapped in quartz veins containing highly fractured breccia, indicating the predominance of boiling evidence. This corresponds to hydrostatic pressure of 50 to 80 bars. The $\delta$$^{34}S$ value of sulfide minerals increase slightly with paragenetic time and yield calculated $\delta$$^{34}S_{H2S}$ values of 0.8 to 3.7$\textperthousand$. There is no mineralogical evidence that fugacity of oxygen decreased, and it is thought that the oxygen fugacity of the mineralizing fluids have been buffered through reaction with magnetite. We interpreted the range of the calculated $\delta$$^{34}S_{H2S}$ values for sulfides to represent the incorporation of sulfur from two sources into the Xiaoxinancha Cu-Au hydrothermal fluids: (1) an isotopically light source with a $\delta$$^{34}S$ value of I to 2$\textperthousand$, probably a Mesozoic granitoid related to the ore mineralization. We can infer from the fact that diorite as the host rock in the Xiaoxinancha Cu-Au deposit area intruded plagiogranite; (2) an isotopically heavier source with a $\delta$$^{34}S$ value of > 4.0$\textperthousand$, probably the local porphyry.