• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.701-708
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• 2019

Animal glue is a natural adhesive made from processed skins or bones of animals. It is widely used in wooden crafts, papercrafts, dancheong painting, and pictures. Accurate evaluation of the quality of animal glues during production and use is difficult because there is no formal method for testing the glue's properties during pretreatment and measurement conditions. Thus, in this study, a series of tests were carried out by changing the conditions of swelling, temperature, and concentration of animal glue and gelatin sold on the market. Twelve types of animal glues were evaluated, having a viscosity range of 12.67 cP to 29.43 cP. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the glues were stable when allowed to swell for six h in distilled water(23℃). When 10%(by weight in distilled water) of the animal glue was measured in the reflective mode of a spectrophotometer, the optical characteristics of the glues were stable. Powdered animal glues have a medium brightness and middle-high chroma. Relative to powdered glues, stick animal glues have a low brightness and a medium chroma. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the data can be assembled into a form so that animal glue workers can use it as a reference for the preparation of evaluation standards for testing the characteristics of animal glues.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11b
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• pp.911-914
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• 2010

본 연구는 이동근무를 시행하는 종합병원 방사선사의 이동근무에 대한 태도와 조직몰입도를 파악하기 위하여 시도 하였으며, 연구의 대상은 대전지역 이동근무를 시행하는 종합병원 4곳의 방사선사 110명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하였다. 인구사회학적 특성은 성별은 남자가 많았으며 연령별로는 30~34세가 가장 많았으며 응답자 대다수가 부서이동 경험이 있었다. 정기적 근무부서 이동 필요성에 관한 문항은 대다수가 필요하다고 답하였으나 현 부서에서 이동 요구도는 비슷하게 나타났다. 근무부서 이동에 대한 태도의 영역별 점수에서는 전문직 발전이 가장 높게 나타났다. 인구사회학적 특성별 근무부서 이동에 대한 태도와 조직몰입의 차이검증에서는 성별, 결혼상태, 학력에 따라 유의한 차이는 없었으며 연령 19~29세에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 미혼인 경우에 전문직 발전과 개인발전, 공통욕구에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 종교를 가지고 있는 공통욕구 부문에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 직무관련 특성에 따른 근무부서 이동에 대한 태도와 조직몰입의 차이검증에서는 월 급여 수준에서 199만원 이하의 전문직 발전과 개인발전, 현부서 근무기간 1년~5년의 개인발전에서는 유의한 차이를 나타냈으나 나머지 문항에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 월급여 수준에서 조직몰입은 250만원 이상이 가장 높게 나타났고, 근무유형에서는 정규직, 직위에서는 관리자가 조직몰입이 높게 나타났다. 11년 이상의 근무기간에서 병원에 대한 조직몰입이 높게 나타났다. 근무부서 이동 필요성에 대해서는 근무부서 이동이 필요하며 현 부서에서도 이동하는 것을 긍정적으로 생각하였으나 이동을 원하지 않는 경우에서 조직몰입이 높게 나타났다. 근무부서 이동에 대한 태도와 조직몰입도간의 상관관계에서 두 변수는 양의 상관관계가 있었고 이는 통계적으로 유의하였고, 근무부서 이동에 대한 4개의 영역 중에서 공통욕구만이 가장 큰 관련성을 나타냈다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합하여 보면 연령이 낮은 군에서는 이동근무를 원하고 조직 몰입이 낮으나 이와 반대로 연령이 높은 군에서는 이동근무를 원하지 않고 조직 몰입도 높게 나타났다. 또한 낮은 급여, 비정규직, 현 부서에서 이동을 원할수록 이동근무에 대해 긍정적인 점수가 높게 나타났다. 이동근무에 대한 태도는 대부분 전문직 발전이라는 이유에서 이동근무가 필요하다고 느꼈으나 현 부서에서 이동 유무는 비슷한 분포를 보였고, 조직몰입은 이동근무를 원하지 않는 경우에서 높게 나타났다. 조직몰입은 정규직이고, 연령이 높고, 관리자이며 연봉이 높을수록 높게 나타났다. 이는 안정적인 위치에 있을수록 조직몰입이 좋다는 걸 보여준다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2020

Oceanic conditions in walleye pollock habitat in the East Sea have shown decadal fluctuations between warm and cold periods in turn. Specifically, sea surface temperature (SST) has shown a dramatic increase between the late 1980s and the middle 2000s, and abrupt decreasing patterns after the late 2000s. Oceanic conditions in the Dong-han Bay (spawning ground) and middle eastern coastal waters (fishing ground), however, indicated different fluctuation trends in SST, increasing in the Dong-han Bay after the late 1980s, and decreasing after the late 2000s. These fluctuation patterns were especially clear in February and March. Sea surface temperature in the middle eastern coastal waters of Korea soared continuously after the late 1980s, but did not show a distinct decreasing pattern after the late 2000s compared with Dong han Bay, except for February SST values. These long term water temperature changes in both walleye pollock spawning and fishing ground are related to variation in walleye pollock landings. Especially, abrupt changes in spawning ground SST can be one of the factors influencing survival in the early ontogenesis of walleye pollock, including egg and yolk larval stages. During the 1980s, the area of suitable spawning temperature (2-5℃) was wider, and the length of Walleye pollock egg and larval stages greater compared with past and present oceanographic environments. However, such patterns did not correspond with the optimal spawning temperature range and greater length of development of walleye pollock during the late 1980s likely triggering a decline in pollock stock. In conclusion, it has been supposed that the dramatic decrease in walleye pollock landings in the East Sea since the late 1980s was caused by increasing water temperature leading to both early mortality and unsuitable spawning conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1774-1778
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• 2008

유량 환산에 이용되는 수위-유량 관계곡선식은 하천의 흐름을 정상 등류상태로 가정하고 유속계를 하천에 투입하여 년간 정해진 횟수의 유량측정을 실시하여 이로부터 갱신하여 작성하고 있다. 평수기에는 이렇게 기기를 이용하여 유량측정이 가능하지만 홍수기나 갈수기에는 접촉식 유속계를 이용한 하천유량 측정이 불가능한 실정이다. 홍수기에는 기기 손상과 관측자의 안전이 위협받는 실정이고, 갈수기에는 유속이 너무 느려서 (0.1 m/s 이하) 프로펠러 유속계의 경우 유속의 정확한 관측이 힘들다. 또한 전지구적 빈번한 이상기후의 현실정에서 가장 중요한 기초 수문자료인 홍수량의 정확한 측정 자료는 많지 않다. 홍수유량을 측정하기 위해서 현재에도 기존의 봉부자를 이용하거나 유비쿼터스 센서를 장착한 봉부자를 이용하는 유량측정 기법이 향해지고 계속적으로 소개되고 있는 실정이지만 봉부자의 특성상 정확한 유량을 계산하기에는 어려움이 많다. 현재 선진국에서는 흐름과 비접촉식 방법을 이용한 하천유량측정 방법이 지난 10 여년간 꾸준이 연구되어 왔다. 그중 대표전인 것이 전자파를 이용한 방법과 영상해석에 의한 방법이다. 전자의 경우 국내에서는 수자원공사에서 10년 이상 연구 개발하여 상품화 시킨바 현업에서 이를 이용하여 홍수유량측정을 실시하고 있다. 후자의 방법은 유체역학 분야에서 흐름해석에 주로 이용되어지던 PIV(particle image velocimetry) 기법을 하천과 같이 대규모의 흐름영역에 적용가능하도록 개발된 기술로 LSPIV (large-casle particle image velocimetry)라 불리우는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 미국 Iowa 대학에서 개발한 LSPIV를 이용하여 홍수파의 진행시 수위와 유량의 두 변수 사이에 나타나는 Loop rating curve의 이론적인 관계를 하천현장에서 일정시간 간격으로 실측을 통하여 파악하고자 하였다. 현장실험을 위한 대상지점으로 미국 Iowa주 Coralville 시내 Clear Creek의 USGS (US Geologival Survey) 수위관측소 지점을 선택하여 본 연구에서 실시한 유량측정 결과의 비교가 가능토록 하였다. LSPIV는 그 특성상 야간에는 적용하는데 어려움이 있어 아침시간부터 해가 지기 직전까지의 자연채광 조건의 영상취득이 가능한 시간대에서 표면유속을 측정하였고 이에 수심평균유속환산계수를 적용하여 유량을 계산하였다. 강우의 발생으로 인한 홍수파의 진행시 총 43회의 유량을 측정하였는바 이를 이용하여 이 지점의 수위-유량 관계식과 비교한 결과 거의 일치하는 결과를 나타냈다. 특히 홍수파의 진행시 고수위 영역에서의 측정한 결과는 수위의 상승기에는 최고로 7.5% 까지 측정유량이 수위-유량관계식에서 계산한 유량보다 컸으며, 수위의 하강기에는 반대로 최고 5.4% 정도까지 측정유량이 수위-유량관계식에서 계산한 유량보다 작게 나타났다. 또한 최대유량의 발생시기는 최고수위 발생직전의 수위라는 것이 파악되었다. 이러한 경향은 수위-유량 관계곡선의 이론과 잘 일치하는 것이다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.319-330
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• 2007

Defining right and left side differences in mandibular ramus height is one of the key elements in the diagnosis of facial asymmetry. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of correction of ramus height with frontal and lateral ramal inclinations (FRI and LRI) in 2-dimensional cephalograms and observe how this affects the diagnostic accuracy of asymmetry. Methods: Frontal and lateral cephalograms were obtained in 40 individuals with chin deviation. FRI and LRI were measured on each side and ramus height measurement was corrected with these inclinations using Pythagorean's theorem. The results of diagnosis before and after correction on cephalograms were compared with the results in 3D CT images. Results: Both FRI and LRI showed greater values in the contralateral side than in the chin-deviated side and these contributed to an increase in the right and left side ramus height differences. After comparison of diagnostic results before and after correction on cephalograms with the results on 3D CT images, the sensitivity increased significantly (from 74 to 94 %) whereas the specificity decreased (from 44 to 22 %). Overall accuracy increased from 68 to 78 % with the correction using FRI and LRI. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that correction of ramus height with FRI and LRI is useful for an accurate diagnosis of facial asymmetry on frontal cephalograms.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.38
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• pp.211-244
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• 2007

Article 17 and 18 of the Korean Constitution respectively prescribe the violation of individual's right to privacy and the secrecy of wire communication. Meanwhile, Article 20 of the Criminal Code provides that an act which is conducted within the ambit of laws or pursuant to accepted business practices or which does not violate the social norms shall not be punishable. In 1999, the Constitutional Court held that media reports on public matters of public figures must be given strong constitutional protection, and treated differently from reports on private matters of private figures. In accordance with the decision, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression since 2002. This study analyzes the issue of media liability for publication of illegally intercepted wire communication by a third person. Particularly, it reviews Seoul High Court's ruling on 'X-file scandal' which disclosed intercepted wire communications between notable public figures regarding a slush fund for a presidential candidate. In the light of this analysis, the study concludes that the media reporting of the intercepted communication does not violate social norms of Article 20, and therefore it is entitled to a constitutional privilege.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.58
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• pp.55-73
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• 2012

This study is critical research on the forming public opinion of SNS and participation behavior. Twitter is a typical SNS service, free school food and 10.26 re-and by-elections during the formation of public opinion on the impact have been investigated. Formation of public opinion about Twitter's analysis of the first research question, The case of free meals to support the Mayor Oh, rather than against Twitter were influential. 10.26 re-and by-elections Twitter in space, the Park' candidate than Na' candidate has formed a favorable opinion. Power twitterian and twitterian on the behavior of the second study involved analysis of the problem, For free meals, power twitterian were responsible for leading the public opinion. For 10.26 re-and by-elections, Power twitterian were more Park' candidates than Na' candidates. In addition, Park' candidates of twitterians were communicating more. Through traditional media in the process of forming public opinion was swayed by public opinion to the target people simply but SNS age people involved in the production and distribution of the issue and the issue has a leading role.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) layers are generated on a graphite negative electrode from three different electrolytes and low-temperature ($-30^{\circ}C$) charge/discharge performance of the graphite electrode is examined. The electrolytes are prepared by adding 2 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) into a standard electrolyte solution. The charge-discharge capacity of graphite electrode shows the following decreasing order; FEC-added one>standard>VC-added one. The polarization during a constant-current charging shows the reverse order. These observations illustrate that the SEI film resistance and charge transfer resistance differ according to the used additives. This feature has been confirmed by analyzing the chemical composition and thickness of three SEI layers. The SEI layer generated from the standard electrolyte is composed of polymeric carbon-oxygen species and the decomposition products ($Li_xPF_yO_z$) of lithium salt. The VC-derived surface film shows the largest resistance value even if the salt decomposition is not severe due to the presence of dense film comprising C-O species. The FEC-derived SEI layer shows the lowest resistance value as the C-O species are less populated and salt decomposition is not serious. In short, the FEC-added electrolyte generates the SEI layer of the smallest resistance to give the best low-temperature performance for the graphite negative electrode.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.479-488
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• 2012

The study examined acculturation patterns of Korean-Americans living in Portland, USA and their relationship to the consumption of media contents. Under the academic guidance of Berry's acculturation model, the four strategies of acculturation model were extensively inquired that immigrants and sojourner would adopt in host culture: Integration, Assimilation, Separation and Marginalization. Furthermore, how differently the four acculturation modes are related to media contents was examined. For this study, the survey questionnaires were administered among Korean Americans in Portland, USA. The total 371 data were collected and analyzed. The result indicated that 1) they preferred integration(M=4.57) and separation modes(M=4.49) over assimilation (M=2.92); 2) as separation tendency increased, the preference of Korean contents over American contents increased while as assimilation tendency increased, the preference of American contents over Korean contents; 3) high assimilation persons consumed more news than entertainments in American media contents. Compared to it, high separation persons used more entertainments than news in American media contents and more news than entertainments in Korean media contents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1374-1381
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the differences of physiological variables by age group in alcohol-consuming men. The thirty year old-age group had the lowest waist-hip ratio (WHR), right and left cardio-ankle vascular index (R-CAVI and L-CAVI), right and left ankle-brachial index (R-ABI and L-ABI), amylase, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and the highest body weight (BW), interleukin-6 (IL-6), right and left intraocular pressure (R-IP and L-IP), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte, red blood cells distribution width (RDW), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and ferritin levels. The forty year old-age group was the highest in hs CRp and CPK levels, but the lowest in ferritin level. The fifty year old-age group possessed the highest WHR, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), R- and L-ABI, eosinophil, and amylase levels. The sixty year old-age group had the highest R- and L-CAVI, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), ALP, $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase ($\gamma$-GTP), rheumatoid factor (RF), $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AFP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and the lowest BW, DBP, R-IP, L-IP, Hct, Hb, leukocyte, platelet, RDW, eosinophil, monocyte, ALT, amylase, TG, and CPK levels. These findings indicate that there may be differences of physiological variables depending on age group in alcohol-consuming men. Further studies should be focused on the physiological differences between alcohol-consuming men and women.