• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2016

In order to investigate actual pesticide usage, this survey was carried out with farmers growing four crop groups, leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables, fruits, and rice from 2012 to 2015. Five hundred sixty farmers were selected in main crop production areas and were asked about their pesticide uses during the growing season. Investigations on pesticide damages to crop in recent 5 years showed that fruit vegetables had the highest proportion of damage at 14%, followed by rice at 11%, orchards at 11%, and leaf vegetables at 8%. Compared to the results of a pilot study which took place from 2009 to 2011, fruit vegetable damage increased by 4% while damage to rice and orchards decreased by 7-9%. This means continuous education on mixed spraying, usage methods, and precaution is required. In the survey on the safety guidelines for pesticide use, 6 items were well observed (89.0-95.0%), but one item for use of protective gear had the lowest observance (81.7%). A measure for protective gear for poisoning prevention is required. The survey of pesticide usage per area ($kg\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$) showed that 1.65, 4.93, 10.98, and $3.16kg\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$ of pesticides were applied to leaf vegetables (6 species), fruit vegetables (6 species), fruits (6 species), and rice, respectively, which decreased from the usage reported in the pilot study. This change was likely caused by more effective pesticides and fewer pest outbreaks; therefore, shipments of pesticides have been decreasing. In the case of paddy rice herbicides, 43 products, including butachlor, were used for $1.3kg\;ha^{-1}$. Herbicides represent 44% of pesticides used in paddy rice.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.625-629
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• 2009

"Olgreen" (Scale cereal L.), a new rye variety was developed by National Institute of Crop Science(NICS), RDA. It was released in 2008 because of its high biomass yield potential and early maturity. It was developed from an open pollination within 10 rye varieties or lines including "Chochun" in 1995. The line 'SR95POP-S1-1072-1-2-4' was selected for its early maturity and excellent agronomic appearance, and placed in yield trials for two years from 2004 to 2005. It was designated "Homil 38" and placed in regional yield trials at the four locations around Korea from 2006 to 2008, from which the name "Olgreen" was given. Over three years, "Olgreen" averaged 8.88 ton ha-1 of forage yield (based on dry matter) harvested at late April and superior to other varieties with an increase of 10% more than the check variety "Olhomil", and 9% more than the introduced rye "Koolgrazer". Heading date of "Olgreen" was April 20 which was 3 days earlier than that of "Olhomil". It would be recommended as an early rye variety for forage or green manure in South Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to conduct phenology monitoring of forest plant species in Mt. JuWang National Park, thereby establish long-term prediction and management system for species susceptible to climate change, and utilize the result as basic materials necessary for conservation of plant genetic resources in accordance with changes in their growth environment. Global Positioning System coordinates were marked on each indicator species and a specific number ticket was provided to each plant. Changes in their blooming time, time of blossoms falling, time of leaves bursting into life, and time of leaves turning, and time of leaves falling were recorded. Investigation was made once per week from April 10 in 2010 to November 30 in 2011 except for the time period between July and August when investigation was made biweekly. The investigated plants concerned 12 kinds-nine species of trees and three kinds of herbs. According to the result of the penology monitoring of Mt. JuWang National Park, their time of leaves bursting into life, time of leaves turning, and time of leaves falling were largely earlier in 2011 than in 2010. However, it is hard to say that it is due to the factor of climate change. Long-term collection of climate data and continuous monitoring of plant phenology are considered necessary in order to examine correlation between climate change and seasonal change patterns of plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.442-446
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• 2006

Cedrela sinensis is a broadleaf tree that is widely cultivated in Korea and China. It was used for treating enteritis, dysentery, and skin itch in oriental medicine. In this study, three major flavonoids, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (1), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (2), and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (3), were isolated from the leaf of Cedrela sinensis. The biological activities of these compounds were tested by inhibitory activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (Type IV collagenase) method together with a cytotoxicity and a apoptosis test against human cancer cell lines.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

Currently broadcasting and telecommunication has integrated, And IPTV Service has appeared who called TPS(Triple Play Service) which integrated with broadcasting, telecommunication and Phone Service. IPTV provide broadcasting service and VOD(Video on Demand) service, and it must be satisfied digital content security. For this condition, IPTV Forum working on standardization of interface for digital content security. The Security solution for broadcasting and VOD are CAS (Conditional Access System) and DRM(Digital Rights Management). But these solutions manufactured by many vendors, so there is no inter-operability. And after finished standardization of interface for CAS and DRM system, the problem of inter-operability with them will be issued. For this reason, Rights management system which possible to operate independently with platform is necessary. In this paper, To protect multimedia digital content, we designed and implemented Conditional Access Management System.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

Hot water extracts from 16 domestic edible mushrooms including Pleurotus ferulae (Lanzi) X.L. Mao, Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow, which are commercially available, were used for determining the cosmetic potential of these mushrooms. In this study, we carried out in vitro functional experiments to determine the inhibitory effects of these extracts on L-DOPA oxidation of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. Based on the results of these experiments, H. marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow No. 10 and No. 15 were selected for further analysis. We analyzed the melanin synthesis inhibitory activity, TRP1 and MITF expression via real-time PCR, and Fontana Masson staining in artificial skin $Neoderm^{(R)}-ME$. Taken together, we observed that the hot water extract from H. marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow (No. 15) had better whitening effect than the extracts of other mushrooms. Thus, it can be a potential source of skin-whitening agent.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.440-443
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• 2012

도시지역의 도로, 교량 및 주차장과 같은 포장지역은 작은 면적이지만 강우 시 다른 토지이용에 비해 강우 유출량이 높고, 상수원인 하천의 종 및 횡방향으로 존재하기 때문에 직접적인 오염 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 이에 대한 대책으로 최적관리기법(Best Management Practices, BMP) 또는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID)과 같은 관리 방안을 적용하여 강우에 의해 발생되는 강우유출수와 비점오염물질을 동시에 저감하는 방안이 연구되고 있으나, 모델링을 통한 비점오염물질 배출량의 정량화와 저감시설의 성능평가에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 주차장 지역에서 발생하는 비점오염물질의 배출량 모의 가능성을 평가하기 위해 국내 외에서 강우유출수의 모의와 저감시설의 성능평가에 많이 사용되고 있는 MUSIC(Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization) 모형과 SWMM(Storm Water Management Model) 모형을 이용하여 강우유출수 수문 수질 모의를 실시하여 각 모형의 적용성을 평가한 결과, 두 모형 모두 총 유출체적 오차가 ${\pm}6%$ 이내로 수문모의에 대한 적용성이 우수하게 나타났지만, 수질의 경우 SWMM 모형이 MUSIC 모형에 비하여 오염물질의 배출량을 실측치와 가깝게 모의함으로서, 결과적으로 대상지역에 대해 SWMM 모형이 MUSIC 모형에 비해 주차장의 초기우수현상을 더 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.353-362
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• 2008

The fish species composition and variation in the Youngil Bay, East Sea of Korea, were investigated every month from January, 2001, to December, 2002, using gill nets for sample collection. A total of 63 fish species belonging to 31 families under 10 orders, and a total of 40 species belonging to 26 families under 8 orders, were identified in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Of these, the families Pleuronectidae (9 species), Scorpaenidae (8 species) and Cottidae (5 species) were dominant in 2001, whereas Pleuronectidae (4 species), Cottidae (3 species) and Hexagrammidae (3 species) were dominant in 2002. The number of species recovered was the highest in August, 2001 (34 species) and January and September, 2002 (14 species each), and lowest in May, 2001 (6 species) and December, 2002 (5 species). The principal component analysis for each year showed that fish species composition differed over time even within the same sample area. In addition, the relationship between PC scores and temperature showed a positive relationship in 2001, but a negative relationship in 2002.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-85
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• 1992

Sterols in mayonnaise were determined by the gas liquid chromatographic(GLC) analysis using two different columns, packed column(silicone SE30) and fused silica capillary column(CBPl). Four kinds of sterol(cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}-sitosterol$) were detected in mayonnaise. The method using capillary column proved to be superior in rapidity, reproducerbility and separability for the determination of sterols. The ranges of concentration of egg york in mayonnaise predicted from cholesterol content using packed and capillary columns were $2.69{\sim}7.11%\;and\;2.42{\sim}6.08%$, respectively. Analyzing the composition of campesterol, stigmasterol and (${\beta}-sitosterol$ in mayonnaise, it could be known that soybean oil and cottonseed oil are commonly used for the manufacture of mayonnaise.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.250-253
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• 2002

This research was conducted to develop a simple and effective method for pathogenicity assay of the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit. The developed method is a modified version of syringe-infiltration method that is used in the assay fer the hypersensitive response assay. Bacterial cell suspensions in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 7.5) were infiltrated using a plastic syringe with 25G needle into primary leaves of five-year-old kiwifruit. Typical symptoms of bacterial canker were observed five days after infiltration. Symptoms developed on the leaves were detected in these inocula that treated above 10$^4$cfu/ml or above. Using this technique, host range of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and three other plant pathogenic pseudomonads were investigated for 25 different plant species. The various symptoms were showed depend-ing on different plant species and inoculated pathogen combinations. This method has the advantage that symptoms can be showed faster compared to other methods and high humid conditions are not required.