• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.867-872
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• 1998

Background: The fixed dose regimen with activated coagulation time(ACT) is the most commonly employed method for determining the required dosage of heparin and protamine during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Material and Method: We performed a prospective study on a fixed dose regimen for analyzing adequate dosages of heparin and protamine, the incidence of heparin resistance and heparin-induced thrombocyt openia, factors affecting ACT during CPB, and changes of ACT during aprotinin usage. 300 units/kg of heparin were administered to patients, and ACTs were measured after 5 mins. ACTs were checked at 10 mins and 30 mins after the onset of CPB, and then at 30 min intervals thereafter. If the measured ACT was under 400 secs, we added 100 units/kg of heparin. The heparin was reversed with 1 mg of protamine for each 100 units administered. If the measured ACT was longer than 130 secs 30 mins after protamine administration or if there was definitive evidence of a coagulation defect, we administered a further 0.5 mg/kg of protamine. Result: We studied 80 patients(50 adults and 30 children) who underwent open heart surgery(OHS) at Seoul National University Hospital. Preoperative ACT was 114.3${\pm}$19.3 secs in adults, and 119.5${\pm}$18.2 secs in children. There were no differences in preoperative ACT due to age, body weight, body surface area, or sex. The preoperative ACT was not influenced by a positive past history of OHS. Ten adults(20%) and 3 pediatric patients(10%) needed additional doses of heparin to maintain the ACT above 400 secs. Additional protamine administration was needed in 9 adults(18%) and 10 children(33%). Heparin resistance was found in only two adults. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was detected in 2 adults and 1 child. During CPB, ACT was prolonged. 12 adult patients received a low dose of aprotinin and showed longer celite activated ACT compared to the control group.The kaolin activated ACT showed a lower tendency than the celite activated ACT in aprotinin users. Conclusion: In conclusion, fixed dose regimen of heparin and protamine can be used without significant problems, but the incidence of need of additional dosage remains unsatisfactory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.211-214
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• 2003

For prediction of the windmilling performance with consideration of bypass-duct loss of the twin-spool axi-centrifugal turbo-fan engine in flight condition, this study has examined the windmilling process and the physical phenomenon of the engine parts. Also, a mixing phenomenon with air passed through the bypass-duct has been analyzed. The results of the predicted windmilling performance has been compared and analyzed using the dimensional parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.01a
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• pp.143-144
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• 2017

최근 그래픽 처리 장치는 DRAM에 대한 접근을 줄이고자 여러 메모리 계층을 사용하고 있다. GPGPU의 L2 캐쉬는 요청 데이터의 타입에 따라 별도로 접근하는 L1 메모리와 다르게 레이턴시가 긴 DRAM에 접근하기 전에 모든 데이터 타입이 접근 가능한 캐쉬이다. 본 논문에서는 애플리케이션에서 명시하는 다양한 데이터 타입에 대하여 접근 및 적재를 허용하는 L2 캐쉬를 오직 텍스쳐 데이터만을 허용하도록 하여 변화하는 성능을 분석하고자 한다. 본 실험을 위해 텍스쳐 데이터 이외의 데이터 타입은 L2 캐쉬를 바이패스하여 바로 DRAM에 접근하도록 구조를 변경한다. 실험을 통한 분석 결과 텍스쳐 데이터만을 허용하는 경우 대부분의 벤치마크에서 성능 감소가 발생하여 기존 구조대비 평균 5.58% 감소율을 확인하였다. 반대로, 본 논문의 실험 환경에서의 L2 캐쉬의 적중률이 낮은 애플리케이션인 needle은 불필요한 L2 접근을 바이패스 함으로써 전체적인 성능 증가를 이끌어낸 것으로 분석된다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.12A
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• pp.1887-1896
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 브로드캐스트 병렬 반얀망과 바이패스 라인의 조합을 이용한 새로운 브로드캐스트 망을 제안하고 성능을 평가한다. 기존의 브로드캐스트 스위치는 주로 T.T.Lee가 제안한 구조를 기반으로 연구되어 왔다. 제안한 브로드캐스트 망은 Lee의 복사망이 갖는 출력 부하 제한의 단점을 극복하여, 원하는 출력 부하에 따라 확장이 용이하고 구성이 간단하며 셀 손실율이 낮은 장점을 갖는다. 제안한 망의 구성을 위하여, 병렬 방얀망의 확장성을 이용하고, 각각의 반얀망이 갖는 셀의 손실을 최소한으로 줄이며 망 자원의 효율적인 이용을 위하여 병렬망 간에 셀들이 전송될 수 있는 바이패스 라인을 부가한다. 충돌이 발생한 충돌 셀은 바이패스 라인을 통하여 다른 스위치 플랜으로 전송되어 재 전송을 시도할 수 있도록 한다. 또한, 높은 수의 CN(Copy Number)을 갖는 셀이 낮은 수의 CN을 갖는 셀들과 충돌되어 손실되는 것을 막기 위하여, 높은 수의 CN이 우선적으로 전송될 수 있도록 CN 비교기를 부가한다. 제안한 구조는 C로 구현된 시뮬레이터를 통하여 그 성능을 평가한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2004

Hemostatic function is regarded to be preserved after an off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), compared to conventional CABG, and the preserved hemostatic function may increase thrombotic occlusion of the graft. We studied the changes of hemostatic variables in patients undergoing off-pump CABG, and compared to those of on-pump CABG. We studied the changes of coagulation function in 11 patients who underwent off-pump CABG (group I), and compared them with those of 11 patients who underwent on-pump CABG and Dor procedure (group II). Coagulation status was evaluated by thromboelastography and blood coagulation test preoperatively, postoperative 1$^{st}$ day, 2$^{nd}$ day, 3$^{rd}$ day, and 5$^{th}$ day, respectively. Among the variables measured by thromboelastography (such as r time, k time, $\alpha$ angle, and MA value) and blood coagulation test (such as factor Ⅶ, protein S, protein C, antithrombin III, activated protein C resistance test, plasminogen, D-dimer, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, hemoglobin, and fibrinogen), there were significant differences in the MA value, $\alpha$ angle, and platelet counts between the two groups. MA values were 140$\pm$72% and 153$\pm$98% in group I, and 87$\pm$27% and 78$\pm$28% in group II, at postoperative 3$^{rd}$ and 5$^{th}$ days, respectively (p<0.05). $\alpha$ angle was 122$\pm$92% in group I and 69$\pm$23% in group II at postoperative 3$^{rd}$ day (p=0.09). Platelet count was 63$\pm$55% in group I and 33$\pm$13% in group II at postoperative 3$^{rd}$ day (p<0.05). Patients who underwent off-pump CABG showed increased coagulability during postoperative periods, compared to those who underwent on-pump CABG. Our data suggest that aggressive perioperative anticoagulation therapy is warranted in patients undergoing off-pump CABG. CABG.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.941-947
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• 2000

Background: Central nervous system complication after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) is one of the major prognostic determinants and the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) may increase the incidence of this devastating complication. In this study, the outcomes after off-pump CABG were studied and compared with those following the conventional CABG using CPB. Material and Method: Among the consecutive isolated CABG's performed in SNUH during Feb. 1995 and Jun. 1999, 338 coronary artery bypass grafting were divided into two groups. 223 patients underwent CABG using the CPB(Group I), and 115 patients underwent CABG without CPB(OPCAB)(Group II). All patients enrolled in this study received extensive preoperative examinations including thorough neurologic examination before and after surgery, transcranial doppler study, carotid duplex ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance angiography if necessary. Central nervous system(CNS) complications were defined as stroke, seizure, metabolic or hypoxic encephalopathy and transient delirium after surgery. Result: There were 61 cases(27.3%) who developed postoperative CNS complication in Group I, whereas 8 cases(7.0%) of CNS complications developed postoperatively in group II(p<0.05). Statistically significant predictors of postoperative CNS complications in group I were age and the use of cardiac assist devices perioperatively. Conclusion: This study suggested that omitting the use of CPB in CABG resulted in significant decrease of the postoperative CNS complications. OPCAB should be more widely applied especially to the elderly who have preexisting cerebrovascular disease.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1634_1635
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• 2009

국산 개발 분산 제어시스템의 발전 설비에의 적용을 위해서는 시뮬레이터를 이용한 제어 시스템의 기능 및 신뢰성 등의 검증이 요구되어진다. 본 논문에서는 제어시스템 검증용 시뮬레이터를 개발하는데 있어서, 제어 모델 중 기동 초기와 급격한 부하 변동시 활용되어지는 터빈 바이패스 계통의 제어 로직을 구현하고, 발전소 모델과의 연계를 통한 시뮬레이션을 통해 구현한 제어 로직의 효용성을 보인다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.103-104
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• 2012

기존의 저항 전류측정 방법의 경우 샘플링이 되지 않는 시간에도 전류가 센서 저항에 흐르게 되어 전력낭비가 있었다. 본 논문에서는 센서저항에 병렬로 바이패스 MOSFET를 달아줌으로써 샘플링이 되는 시간에서는 MOSFET off동작을 통해 저항에 전류를 흐르게 하여 전류를 측정하고 샘플링이 되지 않는 시간에서는 MOSFET on동작을 통해 전류가 센서저항에 흐르지 않게 하여 전력낭비를 막고, 센서저항이 감당하는 정격전력도 낮추는 이점이 있는 저항 전류 측정방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• Cement
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• s.155
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

• Cement Symposium
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• no.26
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• pp.106-111
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• 1999