• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2007

One of the chief characteristics of the retrovirus life cycle is the appearance of provirus caused by integration of viral genome into the host cell genome, and its delivery stably to the next generation as a part of host germ line. This stable form is called endogenous retrovirus (ERV) and expressed by exogenous or endogenous factors. HERVs and MuERVs are present in humans and mice correspondingly, and their expressions frequently cause diseases. Several diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity and neurological disorders are related with HERVs. Therefore, various strategies should be established for the development of effective therapies for the suffering patients.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2001

Pathogenicities of the five BBWV isolates were differentiated by the reactions on the 29 host plants including Chenopodium amaranticolor. Three specific ultrastructures were observed in cells infected with BBWV The first ultrastructure was the tube made of $1\sim2$ layers of virus particles. The second one was the comb structure consists of round and angled structures. The last one was the membrane proliferation in the cytosol.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 2010

Immunocapture reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) was applied to the detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) on Cucurbitaceae crops. These seed-borne tobamoviruses were accurately detected from the infected leaves and seeds by IC-RT-PCR. This method was estimated to be about 100 times more sensitive than ELISA, and also it allowed the direct confirmation of ELISA results by using the captured antigens from a completed ELISA microwell. This convenient and reliable method could be used routinely for large-scale field surveys or seed tests of Cucurbitaceae crops.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1999

To detect birnavirus from cultured marine fish, RT-PCR assay was developed. This method was specific for aquatic birnaviruses that include IPNV Sp., IPNV Ab, IPNV VR-299 and MBV Y6. The birnavirus gene was detected (birnavirus positive samples detected 46/50) from clinical samples signed with abdominal distension and overall darkening even though the samples gave negative results in virus isolation (birnavirus isolate with CHSE-214 cell showed 12/50).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2024

The effectiveness of corticosteroids in preventing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in non-human immunodeficiency viruses Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) patients, such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients, is controversial. We experienced a paradoxical reaction during severe PCP treatment in a SCID infant, which responded well to adjuvant corticosteroids.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

An isolate of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was isolated from potato cultivar ‘Chubak’ showing vein clearing and mild mosaic at Namhae in Korea. This isolate, TMV-St, was differentiated from other tobamoviruses based on biological properties, serological relationships and nucleotide sequence analyses of coat protein genes. TMV-St caused typical symptoms on four indicator plants as compared to the tobamovirus of TMV-U1, Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), which caused economic losses in Solanaceous vegetables, tomato, pepper, and eggplant. Remarkably, the TMV-St induced distinctly different symptom of systemic chlorotic spots on Chenophodium murale. On C. murale, Gomphorena globosa, and Nic-otiana rustica, the four viruses were classed by the virulence of systemic or local infections. In serological test TMV-St antiserum showed a precipitation line with each other tabamovirus. The CP gene of TMV-St contain 477 nucleotides, and the nucleotides sequence was the most similar to that of TMV-U1.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2017

Purpose: The inappropriate prescription of antibiotics in children with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is common. This study evaluated the factors that influence antibiotics use in hospitalized children with viral URTI confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assay. Methods: The medical records of admitted patients who performed RT-PCR assay for respiratory virus pathogens from January 2013 to November 2014 were examined. The demographic and clinical features were compared between patients who were administered antibiotics at admission and those who were not. We also investigated differences between children who continued antibiotics and those who stopped antibiotics after a viral pathogen was identified. Results: In the total 393 inpatients, the median age was 23 months (interquartile range, 13 to 41.3 months). Antimicrobial agents were prescribed in 79 patients (20.1%) at admission. Patients with acute otitis media (AOM) had higher rates of antibiotics prescription than those without AOM (48.1% vs. 2.2%, P<0.001), with an adjusted odds ratio of 91.1 (95% confidence interval, 30.5 to 271.7). Level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and the proportion of acute rhinosinusitis were also significantly associated with antibiotics use (P<0.001). Among the 44 patients with viruses identified using the RT-PCR method during hospitalization, antibiotic use was continued in 28 patients (63.6%). AOM was statistically associated with continued antibiotic use in the patients (P=0.002). Conclusions: Although the respiratory virus responsible for URTI etiology is identified, clinicians might not discontinue antibiotics if AOM is accompanying. Therefore, careful diagnosis and management of AOM could be a strategy to reduce unjustified antibiotic prescriptions for children with URTI.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2005

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)는 전 세계적으로 약 3억 5천만 명이 만성적으로 보균하고 있으며, 한국에서도 보건의학적으로 가장 중요하여 높은 간암의 발병율과도 밀접한 관련이 있다. 최근에 와서 HBV가 유도하는 임상적 위험질환의 병태생리에 대해서 면역학적 지식의 발전을 바탕으로 이해가 깊어졌는데, 바이러스 자체보다는 인체의 다양한 면역반응이 질병의 경과에 더욱 중요하다. 이러한 사실로 한의학적 치료법의 과학적 연구는 만성 HBV 보균자들에게 효과적인 치료방법으로 적용될 것으로 기대될 수 있는데, 우선 여기서는 전형적으로 HBV와 관련해서 의학적 문제를 모두 가지고 있는 한 가족을 통해서 HBV에 대한 폭넓은 이해에 도움을 얻고자한다.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.227-231
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• 1986

The hemagglutination activities of Hantaan virus and Seoul virus were demonstrated. The hemagglutinins were prepared by sucrose-acetone extraction method from suckling mouse brains infectecd with Hantaan and Seoul viruses. Hemagglutination of goose erythrocytes by these viral hemagglutinins was pH dependent in phosphate buffer system. Hantaan and Seoul viruses were distinguished by pH range of hemagglutination. 76/118 and 79/90 strains of Hantaan virus showed hemagglutination at the range of pH 5.75-6.4 and the optimal pH was 5.75 with the titer of 1:512 in 76/118 and 1:256 in 79/90. In contrast, KSNUSD 84/34 strain of Seoul virus revealed hemagglutination at the range of pH 6.2-6.4 and the optimal pH was 6.4 with the titer of 1 : 64.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1985

Three mild mutant strains of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were isolated from Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun incubated at $38^{\circ}C$ for 10 days after inoculation with a wild type of TMV-OM strain. They were designated into Tg 5272, Tw 227 and Tw 333. All mild strains could be distinguished from TMV-OM by their reactions on different indicator plants. The mild strains induced the mild mottling without distinct symptoms, whereas the wild strain produced severe mosaic, rugose and stunting on tobacco and red pepper plants. Tw 227 and Tw 333 produced smaller necrotic spots than those of Tg 5272 and TMV-OM on N. glutinosa and Datura stramonium. The former two strains also produced ring spots and mosaic on Gomphrena globosa compared with necrotic spots by the latter strains. Three mild strains were serologically identical to TMV-OM. Their physical properties were thermal inactivation point $80-85^{\circ}C$, dilution end point between $10^{-4}\;and\;10^{-6}$, and longevity in vitro 7days or longer. Ultraviolet absorption spectra of purified preparations of the mild strains and TMV-OM were identical, with a minimum at 247nm, a maximum at 260nm, and a slight shoulder at 290nm. Electrophoresis of the strains in polyacrylamide-agarose gel showed that all the strains formed one major band and two minor bands, except for one minor band of Tw 333. However, when sodium dodecyl sulfate was added to the purified viruses before electrophoresis, each strain formed only one major band.