• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2016

In this research, the performance of surface covering technique using a white-colored bubble sheet on reducing the cracking due to the plastic, and drying shrinkages for high rise building construction were evaluated by comparing the exposed surface without any surface treatment. From the results of the experiment conducted during fall season, desired results of decreased numbers, length, maximum width, and area of cracking were obtained without a significant difference on heat of hydration and cumulative temperature. Therefore, it is considered that the surface covering technique using bubble sheet is an appropriate method for preventing plastic and drying shrinkage cracking at fall season concrete construction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1528-1532
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• 2005

본 연구는 유역통합관리를 위한 사전 단계로 유역의 물순환에 대해 구체적이고 정량적으로 문제점을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 중유역별로 현장답사 및 다양한 지수를 이용하여 치수, 이수, 수질 등의 측면에서 제시될 수 있는 문제점을 파악하였다. 홍수피해잠재능(PFD)을 이용하여 수문요소뿐만 아니라 사회경제적인 요소까지 포괄하여 홍수에 대한 잠재적인 피해 취약도를 조사하였고, 건천화 지수(SDI)를 이용한 하천의 건천 정도를 도출하였으며, 중유역별 불투수 면적 비율(IAR)을 이용하여 수질관리 방안을 분류하였다. 또한, 복개하천 현황, 단순하게 운영되고 있는 저수지 현황, 하천수의 취수, 지하수의 이용, 하천수가 하천바닥으로 손실되는 여부, 오수의 하천 유입 등을 조사하여 치수 이수, 수질관리 측면에서 문제가 되는 중유역을 도출하였다. 이렇게 중유역별로 정량적 또는 정성적으로(qualitatively) 제시하는 방법은 유역통합관리를 위한 조사사업 등에 도움이 될 것이며 향후 유역통합관리 방안을 올바르게 수립하는데 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.302-305
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• 2011

국가화재안전기준(NFSC 501)의 거실 제연설비에서 공기유입방식은 자연유입방식, 강제유입방식, 인접제연구역 유입방식으로 나눈다. 거실 제연을 위한 3가지의 공기유입방식에 따라 제연효과를 비교하기 위해 바닥의 면적을 $400m^2$ 이상으로 구획된 제연구역에 대하여 동일실 제연방식인 자연 유입방식과 강제 유입방식에 대하여 실험을 행하였으며, 인접구역 상호 제연방식인 인접구역 유입방식에 대해서도 동일한 제연구역에서 실험하여 제연효과를 비교분석하여 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 거실제연 설비의 공기유입방식(자연유입방식, 강제유입방식 및 인접한 제연구역 유입방식)에 따른 제연효과를 비교검토하기 위해 Hot smoke를 이용하여 거실제연설비를 효율적으로 운용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.2 s.308
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

As the security of personal information is becoming more important in mobile phones, we are starting to apply iris recognition technology to these devices. In conventional iris recognition, magnified iris images are required. For that, it has been necessary to use large magnified zoom & focus lens camera to capture images, but due to the requirement about low size and cost of mobile phones, the zoom & focus lens are difficult to be used. However, with rapid developments and multimedia convergence trends in mobile phones, more and more companies have built mega-pixel cameras into their mobile phones. These devices make it possible to capture a magnified iris image without zoom & focus lens. Although facial images are captured far away from the user using a mega-pixel camera, the captured iris region possesses sufficient pixel information for iris recognition. However, in this case, the eye region should be detected for accurate iris recognition in facial images. So, we propose a new fast iris detection method, which is appropriate for mobile phones based on corneal specular reflection. To detect specular reflection robustly, we propose the theoretical background of estimating the size and brightness of specular reflection based on eye, camera and illuminator models. In addition, we use the successive On/Off scheme of the illuminator to detect the optical/motion blurring and sunlight effect on input image. Experimental results show that total processing time(detecting iris region) is on average 65ms on a Samsung SCH-S2300 (with 150MHz ARM 9 CPU) mobile phone. The rate of correct iris detection is 99% (about indoor images) and 98.5% (about outdoor images).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

Korea is introducing new animal welfare rearing standards for swine farmers in order to improve the breeding environment of livestock on Korean farms, Korea is establishing a policy to apply to all new farms in 2019 and to all existing farms in 2025. These guidelines are limiting stall breeding of sows after 4 weeks of pregnancy, the light intensity should be above 40lux, the ammonia level should be below 25ppm and the breeding density area should be increased from $1.4m^2$ to $2.25m^2$. In Europe, where animal welfare has been studied and applied for nearly 100 years, the facility specifications and management manuals are available and provided to farmers to introduce proper animal welfare for pigs and to enhance the convenience and utility of farmers who are converting to raising pigs. The EU has established independent standards for each country, and the EU has set the standards for floor facilities to improve animal welfare on pig farms and as applied by farmers. Yet in Korea, there are no methods and techniques for breeding methods that do not use an ordinary stall, except on a few leading farms. There has been no research on the welfare of sows so that farmer could improve sows' living conditions. Thus, farmers can minimize the difficulty of implementing the changing government policies, and they must develop farm turnover policies and specification management manuals to cope with the introduced regulations on sow group housing. We suggest that conducting research and evaluating the level of sows' welfare are important for farmers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6D
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• pp.607-614
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• 2012

The importance of demolition industry is becoming lager because of reusing and recycling of construction waste in current trend to pursue for sustainable development. As considering situation of the domestic housing construction and existing house, a scale of demolition industry is expecting to be increased continually. Therefore, for sustainable development is needed forecasting and managing rightly demolition waste to be producted at demolition phase. But, The development of model for estimating demolition waste is not sufficient in the country, also, the development of computer system for managing it rightly has not yet been created. In this study developed the estimating waste units for estimating demolition waste of an apartment and a house. A regression model for quantifying demolition waste easily is developed to do simulation again after making the estimating waste units through analyzing draws. This model is developed as a computer system for increasing application and then verified the reliability through field application. this regression model can quantify a sort of 22 demolition waste easily based on the size of the floor area and a number of units. This system is expected to quantify demolition waste easily which is producted during redevelopment and remodeling of existing house.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.401-412
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• 2020

This study analyzed the causes of warehouse fires using a creative problem-solving technique called TRIZ. It identified preventive measures by applying 4M. The results are as follows. First, this study examined the inconsistency among the causes of warehouse fires using TRIZ. Second, it analyzed human factors and fire prevention measures in warehouses such as safety standards for managers, and methods for the promotion of safety consciousness among workers, and for the reinforcement of construction technology for sandwich panel workers. Third, it identified the mechanical and facility factors and fire prevention measures in warehouses such as safety facilities, the expanded installation of safety devices, the adoption and development of fire suppression equipment, and the deployment of methods to improve the fire resistance of sandwich panels. Fourth, it presented working and environmental factors and fire prevention measures in warehouses such as the tightening of safety precautions and the supervision of working methods, and setting fire partitions both in loading places and based on performance-based design. Finally, it proposed managerial factors and fire prevention measures in warehouses such as specific targeting for firefighting with low fire hazards, reviewing the material quality regulations of non-combustible or higher for sandwich panels in the specific target of firefighting that cannot apply fire safety standards, installing sprinklers in cold storage, and mandating the installation of automated facilities with retroactive application regardless of the floor area in the warehouse with a sandwich panel structure.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.52-57
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• 2014

The present study suggests the fundamental method for the prediction time of the fire origin by analyzing the combustion phenomenon of inflammable material in the building structure. The heat release rate (HRR) with time variant is evaluated for the interphone as a inflammable material, which is opted from the fire incidents in the stairwell. the fire dynamics simulator (FDS ver. 6.1) is applied in order to analyze the difference of the smoke inflow time to the downstair from the fire event area with various fire pattern. The results show that the maximum inflow time difference for the case of the interphone made from ABS materials is about 4.93 times with the input conditions of heat flux values and the environment in the FDS for the fixed stairwell which composed of total volume $291.3m^3$, floorage $23.3m^2$ and the height of each floor 2.5 m. This research can be practical information for the application method of simulation scheme with experimental data to the fire Identification.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2009

Article 36 of the Building Code Enforcement Ordinance requires that an exterior evacuation stairs be installed for the buildings of three stories and over with cultural facilities or gathering places which have over $1,000\;m^2$ floor area of public performance halls or recreational facilities. The concentration of population together with the increase of high-rise buildings in cities call for various precautionary measures to be taken against human disasters. For the past ten years high-rise buildings showed 85% of increase, marking a steep rise. This increase of high-rise buildings may lead to human disasters in urban areas and, in case of fire breakout, may cause great loss of human lives and property damages. The most difficult fire-fighting activities in high-rise building fires are those of evacuation. Because smoke spreads through the upper floors, the securement of evacuation route in high-rise buildings may be the only way to minimize loss of lives. In high-rise buildings exterior escape stairs are necessary because it is difficult to secure evacuation route with only direct stairs or interior stairs. The Building Code now in force provides insignificant coverage on the exterior evacuation route installment and therefore becomes an inadequate means for evacuation route securement in high-rise building fires. To compensate for this inadequacy the Building Code should be revised to include a mandatory clause that an exterior evacuation stairs be established for the buildings of ten stories and over which can be categorized into high-rise building group.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2010

This survey was carried out to investigate the dimensions of farrowing accommodation and farrowing crate by types. Farrowing crates are used to prevent the crushing death in the swine industry generally but farrowing crates include many problems in the animal welfare viewpoint: e.g. restriction of movements and maternal instincts. Therefore, the studies of alternative systems have been discussed for a while in U.K., U.S.A. and Canada. We surveyed eight farms for about eight months. To accurately compare the farrowing housing, small scale swine farms (3,000hd or less) were excluded from all data in this survey. Lactating accommodations were divided into vertical lactating accommodation type and diagonal accommodation type, and farrowing crates were divided into vertical bar type and horizontal bar type. In this survey, nipple waterer, partial slotted floor and total slotted floor were 80%, 40% and 60% respectively, and the lactating accommodations' dimensions ranged from 3.90 to $4.92\;m^2$. We believe that these data of the survey contribute to develop alternative systems and then contribute to improve the animal welfare in Korea.