• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.6-6
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 고문헌에 기록된 도금 재료와 도금법 등을 확인하고 이를 기초자료로 활용하여 매실산을 사용한 금(Au)-수은(Hg) 아말감기법으로 고대 도금(鍍金)기술을 되살리고, 이를 토대로 경주 월지에서 출토된 금동삼존판불을 복원하였다. 먼저, 전통 도금법을 되살리기 위해서, "오주서종박물고변", "확지신편", 조선시대 각종 의궤 등에 공통적으로 기록되어 있는 매실에 주목하고, 매실을 3~4개월 발효 숙성 후 착즙한 뒤 그것을 농축하여 만든 매실산을 도금 실험에 적용하였다. 금아말감 도금을 위하여 월지 출토 금동삼존판불의 바탕소지금속인 청동삼존판불을 구리와 주석 89:11(Cu:6kg, Su:750g)로 합금하여 주물사 주조법으로 복원하였으며, 동일한 합금비로 제작된 $2.3cm{\times}3.5cm$(가로${\times}$세로)의 시편에 사전 실험을 실시하였다. 현대적 산처리 방식에 사용되는 질산과 전통방식으로 사용되는 매실산으로 시편에 산처리 한 후 각각 비교해 보고, 금분과 금박, 상온과 가온에 따른 아말감상태를 비교하는 실험을 진행하였는데, 실험에 사용된 매실산 70%는 pH가 1.94로, 오늘날 산처리에 사용하고 있는 질산 20%와는 차이가 있지만, 청동 시편 실험을 통해 매실산에 20분 정도 담근 뒤 금아말감을 도포 후 24시간 지나 가열($380{\sim}400^{\circ}C$) 했을 때 금도금이 잘 되어, 현대적 방법인 질산처리로 도금을 한 시편과 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. 사전 실험을 통한 결과를 적용한 월지 출토 금동삼존판불 복원은 청동삼존판불 표면처리, 금-수은 합금 및 도금하기, 도금 후 표면처리의 순서로 진행되었는데, 금과 소지금속의 밀착력을 높이기 위해 표면을 숯을 이용해 탈지한 후 물로 씻어내고 매실산을 도포하여 20분 동안 두어 부식 및 세척을 시행하였다. 금도금을 위한 금-수은아말감은 가온할 때 수은이 증발하는 양을 고려하여 금1 : 수은10 비율로 합금하여 완성하였으며, 금아말감 도포 후 약 24시간 지난 다음, $380{\sim}400^{\circ}C$에 가열하여 수은을 기화시켜 도금작업을 완성하였다. 금아말감도금은 평균적으로 6~7차례 시행하여야 완벽히 도금되지만, 본 연구에서는 단 4차례의 도금만으로 금아말감도금을 완성시켰는데, 이것은 금아말감을 바탕소지인 청동에 도포한 후 24시간 동안 금아말감과 청동과의 반응 시간을 두게한 것이 큰 역할을 한 것으로 보이며, 이는 청동시편을 이용한 실험과 과학적 분석을 통하여 입증하였다. SEM으로 표면을 관찰한 결과 아말감 도포시간이 즉시인 경우 도금이 거의 되지 않은 것을 확인할 수 있었고 36시간이 넘어갈 경우 금 도금층이 불균일하게 관찰되었으므로 도금시간은 12시간~24시간 이내가 적절함을 확인할 수 있었다. EDS로 성분을 분석한 결과 산처리 시간이 20분인 시료의 경우 5 wt% 내외로 수은의 비율이 다른 시료에 비해 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험 및 분석결과 산처리 시간이 20분이고 아말감 도포시간이 24시간일 때 도금이 잘 이루어지므로 이 결과를 토대로 금동삼존판불을 복원하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 도금법에 표면을 세척하고 부식시키기 위해 사용한 물질이 매실산임을 찾아내어 확인할 수 있었는데, 이러한 점 에서 이 연구의 가장 큰 의미는 전통 소재와 기술을 복원한 것으로, 앞으로 매실산을 이용한 금 도금기술은 관련 학계에도 큰 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.132-147
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• 2018

The goal of this research is to suggest a theoretical process-centered assessment model based on Learning Progressions of key competencies in the context of STEAM instructions. The "Process-Products Combined Module-type (P2CM) STEAM Assessment Model (P2CM STEAM Assessment Model, hereafter) can be used both as an instructional model and as an assesment model, applicable for various STEAM topics and instructional types. consists of 3 axes. The first X axis stands for 4C competencies that should be emphasized through STEAM instruction. The second Y axis stands for the types and the hierarchy of STEAM instructions. The third Z axis stands for the assessment standards based on LP. We also exemplified an assessment module combined creativity competency with creativity-based instruction based on . Based on the research results, we suggested elaboration of assessment models based on Korean LP research outcomes, development and supply of formative assessment models through field-based in-depth research, modification of formative assessment models with the participation of teacher communities and in-service teachers, and the necessity of further research on assessment models for tracking LP.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2001

This thesis aims to reveal the unsatisfactory unfitting factors in the tight collars of adult males' dress shirts for the purpose of improving neck-collar fitness. For this study, nine adult males were chosen as the subjects. When the subjects erected their necks upright, the researcher conducted an experiment, using the direct anthropometrical measuring method and the gypsum method by turns, in order to understand neck shapes by way of right-neck lateral flection, left-neck lateral flection, neck flection, neck extension, right neck rotation, and left neck rotation. And then, the propriety of allowances from body surface alteration was verified by analyses through the measurement of wearing comfortableness and clothing pressure in two sorts of ready-made dress shirts, which had different allowances. The consequences of this study are as follows: 1. In length alteration to movement, a decrease was found in the opposite (and an increase in the identical) directions of right-neck lateral flection, left-neck lateral flection, and neck flection movements. Also, when the subjects shook their heads, an increase was seen by 0.42$\sim$0.63cm in neck girth, 0.31$\sim$1.12cm in 3cm-above-the-neck base girth, and 1.16cm in neck extension of 3cm-above-the-neck base girth. 2. As a result of the drafts of surface measurement, the alteration ratios of dimensions and vertical length dropped in the identical directions of the movement, but grew in the opposite directions. A reverse change was shown in horizontal length. The rough widening gaps for making drafts were 0.7cm in front left and right, and 0.2cm in back left and right of 3cm-above-the-neck base girth. On the whole, the space was about 1.8cm, while there was no significant variation between the upright stationary test and the movement test. 3. There were important differences between the two kinds of ready-made dress shirts (Type A: 1cm allowance in neck girth; Type B: 2cm allowance) in clothing pressure and wearing comfortableness. That is, Type A had higher pressure and more uncomfortable sense of wearing. In other words, as clothing pressure and wearing comfortableness are negatively related to each other, Type A's greater clothing pressure led to worse wearing comfortableness.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.716-722
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• 2017

In this paper, a fully printed NFC tag operating at 13.56 MHz was designed and fabricated using silver nano-paste and carbon ink. The proposed NFC tag has a printed coil with an inductance of $2.74{\mu}H$ on a PI film for application to an NFC tag IC with an internal capacitance of 50 pF. Screen printing technology used in this paper has advantages such as large area printing for mass production, low cost and eco-friendly process compared to conventional PCB manufacturing process. The proposed structure consists of a circular coil implemented as a single layer using silver nano-paste and carbon ink, a jumper pattern for chip mounting between the outer edge and the center of the coil, and an insulation pattern between the coil and the jumper pattern. In order to verify the performance of the proposed NFC tag, we performed the measurements of the printing line width, thickness, line resistance, adhesion and environmental reliability, and confirmed the suitability of the NFC tag based on the full-printed manufacturing method.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.403-407
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• 2000

Ultrastructure and function of testis somatic cells in freshwater prawns Macrobrachium nipponense were studied. The paired testes of the prawn were elongated, united at their anterior end, which lay between the dorsal surface of the hepatopancreas and the heart. Each testis consisted of a large number of seminiferous cords compactly held together by connective tissue. A seminiferous cord was composed of an outer layer of simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane, the closely packed germ cells and sustentacular cells of the germinal ridge, and an inner layer of simple cuboidal epithelial cells. Leydig cell-like cells in an angular areas filling the space of the seminiferous cords were observed. The nuclei of leydig cell-like cells were characterized by a distinct nucleolus. The simple squamous epithelial layer was composed of flattened cells tying on a basement membrane. The nuclei of the flattened cells were often overlapped in a layer, and the cytoplasm of the cells was observed just near the nuclei. The sustentacular cells were complex in morphology. These cells had relatively small cell bodies from which long cytoplasmic extensions ramified reached the space of germ cells in the germinal ridge. The nuclei of sustentacular cells usually exhibited angular profiles and located most commonly at the periphery of the cords. Cells of simple cuboidal epithelium located between germinal ridge and lumen of seminiferous cord, and part of the cells were adjacent to basal lamina, The cuboidal epithelial cells contained numerous mitochondria, the well-developed rER, the well-developed Golgi complex, and irregularly shaped nuclei. Transition vesicles appeared on the cis side of the Golgi complex. The large vesicles on the trans side of the complex appeared to fuse to form a membrane-bound structure. A number of pits on the cell apex suggested exocytotic activity for secretion of the sperm supporting matrix.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.8-8
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• 2001

초고속 증착은 짧은 시간에 박막 형성을 가능하게 하므로 window glass 코팅등의 대면적 코팅에 있어서 비용을 절감 시키고, 대량생산을 가능하게 만들기 때문에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 고속증착 공정으로는 high current arc, laser arc, hollow cathode discharge ion plating 그리고 마그네트론 스퍼터링법 등이 있다. 특별히 마그네트론 스퍼터링법은 3m이상의 넓이에 코팅을 할때 두께가 매우 균일하며, 증착율은 evaporation 공정에 비해 경제적, 기능적인 면에서 효율적이다. 그리고 증착된 박막은 매우 조밀하고 좋은 밀착력을 갖고 있으며, 고융점 금속을 포함하여 금속 합금 및 혼합물의 비율을 조정 및 금속 산화물, 질화물, 탄화물 등과 같은 금속의 증착도 stoichiometry를 조정하여 박막을 합성 시키는데 있어서 효과적이다. 이러한 초고속 증착을 만들기 위한 마그네트론 스퍼터링법의 요건은 마그네트론 원이 높은 타켓 power density를 가져야 하며, 타켓에서 효율적으로 플라즈마를 구속하여 스퍼터 되는 이온의 양을 최대화 시킬 수 있어 한다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 초고속 증착을 위해서 직경 50mm 타켓의 UBM magnetron원을 설계 제작하였다. 고밀도의 플라즈마를 형성시키기 위해서, Poisson simulation c code를 이용하여 자기장의 방향, 세기 및 밀도를 측정 하였고, 자기장 측정기(Gauss meter)를 이용하여 실제 자장을 측정 비교 분석하였다. 상기의 data를 바탕으로 여러 형상의 마그네트론원을 설계, 제작하였고. 마그네트론 원의 특성 분석을 위해 I-V 방전 특성을 평가하였고 substrate ion current density와 박막의 증착율을 측정하였다.duty-on 시간의 증가에 따라 $Cr_2N$ 상의 형성이 점점 많아져 80% duty-on 시간 경우에는 거의 CrN과 $Cr_2N$ 상이 공존하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 duty-on 시간이 증가할수록 회절피크의 세기가 증가하여 결정화가 더 많이 진행되어짐을 알 수 있었다. 마찬가지로 바이어스 펄스이 주파수에 다른 결정성의 변화도 펄스의 주파수가 증가할수록 박막이 결정성이 좋아지고 $Cr_2N$ 상이 쉽게 형성되었다. 증착 진공도에 따른 결정성은 상대적으로 질소의 농도가 높은 낮은 진공도에서는 CrN 상이 주로 형성되었으며, 반대로 높은 진공도에서는 $Cr_2N$ 상이 많이 만들어졌다. 즉 $1.3{\times}10^{-2}Torr$의 증착 진공도에서는 CrN 상만이 보이는 반면 $9.0{\tiems}1-^{-2}Torr$ 진공도에서부터 $Cr_2N$ 상이 형성되기 시작하여 $5.0{\tiems}10^{-2}Torr$ 진공도에서는 두개의 상이 혼재되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 박막의 내마모성을 조사한 결과 CrN 박막의 마찰 계수는 초기에 급격하게 증가한 후 0.5에서 0.6 사이의 값으로 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으며, $Cr_2N$ 박막도 비슷한 거동을 보였다.차 이, 목적의 차이, 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.46
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• pp.129-150
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• 2017

With the change in educational environment of cartoon creation and diversification of webtoon platforms, various ways of engaging webtoon authors have been suggested. Under this situation, Korea Manhwa Contents Agency(KOMACON) and Korea Creative Content Agency(KOCCA) provide support to webtoon authors directly and indirectly to nurture professional webtoon talents. Contents creative human resource joint project being carried out by KOCCA is mainly to nurture and support contents experts by developing their creativity through tight training between mentors and mentees, creating job opportunities, building the support system for creative activities, and supporting commercialization during the project. Undergoing the process of recruitment and selection, the participants of this project are educated, trained and developed according to education programs provided by the hosting agency, and this project has a model to compensate for creative activities for a ceratin period of time. However, there has been a problem that it is difficult to constantly keep and manage webtoon talents who are cultivated by human resource management of less than one-year project. This study analyzed creative human resource joint project which is a human resource development model, using human recourse theory and suggested a strategic human resource model based on webtoon authors' human resource model development.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.199-204
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors and reasons for hiring kindergarten teachers and to provide information for successful employment to the college. 12 private kindergarten chiefs over 10 years of experience were conducted in - depth interviews. In-depth interview data were analyzed using open coding analysis. 11 sub - factors of each core concept were derived, and they were nominated as 4 outline (character, sociality, personality & professionalism factors). All of the researchers perceived the sincerity, interpersonal stability, honesty, and ability to perform the curriculum as the most important factors to consider, and the teacher with good personality was perceived as the precondition of successful teacher's job performance. In the college, through the production of portfolios by subject, we raised the necessity of institutionalization of educational volunteer activities such as vacation - based education in addition to on - the - spot education at school and development of liberal arts curriculum to develop capacity for community life. And to develop and operate a field-oriented comparative education program to strengthen the competence of the majors.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.247-266
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of a firm's financial and non-financial factors on the relationship formation with its main bank in the industry of parts and material in Pusan-Kyungnam region. The results, out of accordance with the relation-banking or regional financial market perspective, do not support the hypothesis that regional financial institutions would be useful for decreasing the financial difficulties of the small and medium firms in the region. The analyses about the effects of non-financial factors on the formation of main bank relations show that while Kookmin Bank and Industrial Bank play important roles as main banks of small businesses other national banks put emphasis on the transaction lending. And the analyses about the effects of financial factors show that firms having main bank relations with non-bank financial institutions and Kookmin bank are more profitable and stable than firms having main bank relations with other banks including local banks. On the whole it seems that local banks are not making a commitment to the regional economy and their operational grounds are not strong enough.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.550-555
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• 2013

A hydrogel electrolyte consisting of potassium poly(acrylate) (PAAK) (3 wt%) in 6 M KOH aqueous solution is coated on poly(acrylonitrile) nonwoven separator to examine high-rate characteristics of activated carbon supercapacitor adopting the separator. The hydrogel is homogeneously coated on the surface pores of the nonwoven separator. The electrolyte uptake of the PAAK hydrogel maintains for 24 days higher than 230% and the coated separator shows slightly lower ionic conductivity ($2.9{\times}10^{-2}Scm^{-1}$) than that ($3.6{\times}10^{-2}Scm^{-1}$) of using 6 M KOH only. The activated carbon supercapacitor adopting the coated separator shows a specific capacitance higher than $27Fg^{-1}$ at $1000mVs^{-1}$ and a retention ratio higher than 97% after the 1000th cycle. This is due to strong interfacial contact of coated hydrogel electrolyte between the activated carbon electrode and the nonwoven separator.