• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.36-47
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• 2009

There exists RFID reader-to reader frequency which can not recognize tag in dense reader nude because the interference causes low SIR. To solve this frequency, the many algorithms based on TDM have been proposed. But the most of existing algorithms not obtain the optimal time allocation but propose heuristic scheduling algorithm. In this paper, we apply game theory which deals with interest between players of game to RFID reader-to reader interference and analyze the time allocation problem of reader based on TDM in terms of cooperative game which the players bind agreements using Nash Bargaining Solution(NBS) and non-cooperative game which the players do not bind agreements using Nash Equilibrium(NE). The applied results show that in dense reader mode, NBS of cooperative game is superior to NE of non-cooperative game and present optimal time allocation in dense reader mode.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.53-63
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• 2008

Reader collision may occur when neighboring RFID readers use the same channel at the same time. Especially when the readers are operated in dense mode, even though many channels are available, because of frequent reader collisions we can not guarantee the performance of RFID readers. Conventional solutions such as FH(Frequency Hopping) or LBT(Listen Before Talk) are not effective in this situation because they can not schedule RFID readers effectively when RFID readers are operated in multi-channel, dense reader mode, In this paper, we propose a new RFID reader anti-collision algorithm which employs LBT, random backoff before channel access, and probabilistic channel hopping at the same time. While LBT and Random backoff before channel access reduces collisions between competing readers, probabilistic channel hopping increases channel utilization by adaptively changing the hopping probability by reflecting the reader density and utilization. Simulation results shows that our algorithm outperforms conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

Reader-to-reader interference in RFID system is occurred due to the use of limited number of frequencies, and this is the main cause of read rate reduction in the passive RFID tags. Therefore, in order to maximize the read rate under the circumstances of limited frequency resources, it is necessary to minimize the frequency interference among RFID readers. This paper presents a hybrid FDM/TDM constraint satisfaction problem models for frequency interference minimization problems of the RFID readers, and assigns optimal channels to each readers using conventional backtracking search algorithms. A depth first search based on backtracking are accomplished to find solutions of constraint satisfaction problems. At this moment, a variable ordering algorithm is very important to find a solution quickly. Variable ordering algorithms applied in the experiment are known as efficient in the graph coloring. To justify the performance of the proposed constraint satisfaction problem model, optimal channels for each readers in the passive UHF RFID system are allocated by using computer simulation satisfying various interference constraints.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.501-509
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• 2010

In this paper, the interference avoidance performance of the RFID reader with the compressive receiver was analyzed. In the environment of the multiple dense readers operating, the recognition rates of the conventional RFID reader and the proposed RFID reader with the compressive receiver were measured and compared. The recognition rate of the proposed reader was improved more than 2.7 times compared to the conventional reader. Especially, in the environment of two proposed RFID readers operating simultaneously, little degradation of the recognition rate was observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10d
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• pp.30-33
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• 2006

RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)은 RF주파수를 이용해서 사물이나 사람의 정보를 인식하는 자동인식 기술이다. 이 기술은 무선 주파수를 사용해서 대량의 사물을 동시에 인식 할 수 있다는 장점이 있지만, 무선 주파수를 사용하기 때문에, 프라이버시 문제와 주파수 충돌문제와 같은 부수적인 단점을 가지고 있다. 리더 충돌문제를 해결하기 위한 여러 가지 많은 연구들이 진행 되고 있지만, 현재까지 연구된 대부분은 고정적인 환경에서의 해결 방법들이다. 본 논문에서는 앞으로 다가올 모바일 사회에 대비해서, 밀집된 모바일 환경에서의 리더 충돌 방지 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 모바일 리더의 위치를 계산하고, 적절한 주파수를 할당하고 동적으로 RF의 세기를 조절함으로써 리더의 충돌을 방지 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.46-55
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• 2009

In RFID field, when the neighboring readers try to occupy the same or adjacent channel simultaneously, there exists reader-to-reader interference; it calls reader collision. From the reader collision, the tags cannot response correctly query from the reader. Reader anti-collision schemes have been developed, and particularly, the Listen-Before-Talk(LBT) scheme is proposed to avoid reader collision in ETSI in multi channel environment. However, in ETSI, there is a drawback that the reader collision does not decreases effectively because the reader selects randomly a channel without considering the channel environment and readers try to occupy the channel concurrently. In this paper, we propose a algorithm based on LBT scheme considering multi channel environment as well as made up for the drawbacks of LBT The proposed algorithm applies random backoff, the collision avoidance mechanism. And it can reduce delay because of our proposed estimation mechanism Simulation using OPNET shows that the proposed algorithm achieves higher superiority than that of the simple algorithms in sparse and dense reader mode.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

As RFID technology is developing and increasingly being used in many applications, the implementation is changing from single reader to multiple readers even dense readers. Since the number of readers is increasing, there are more collisions between readers and much interference between readers and tags. Therefore, to avoid interference or collision, many algorithms have being proposed, such as Gen2 dense mode, LBT(listen before talk), TDMA based method. In this paper, we propose a null frame algorithm, which calculates the collision probability in frame slotted aloha scheme and use this information to avoid the possible collisions. Comparing with conventional scheme, our proposed algorithm has some advantages in terms of reader collision number and required frame numbers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.6 s.121
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• pp.602-611
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• 2007

In this paper, the forward link of UHF RFID system is modeled in accordance with the EPCglobal class 1 generation 2(EPCglobal C1G2) UHF Radio-Frequency Identity protocol specification at $860{\sim}960MHz$. Based on the constructed model, characteristics on the forward link signal for the EPCglobal C1G2 RFID reader are simulated with the help of a MATLAB softwarein order to extract the design parameters of a transmit digital filter which meets the Korean RFID regulations. Herein, the forward link model is consisted of PIE source coding, transmit digital filter, modulation, local oscillator, and antenna. From the simulation results, the ranges of three design parameters(roll-off factor, cutoff frequency, the number of tabs) for transmit digital filter are obtained with different modulation techniques and the Tari(type a reference interval) values. Finally, DSB/SSB-ASK modulation technique can not satisfy the EPCglobal C1G2 specification when Tari equals to $6.25{\mu}sec$ in a multiple-reader environment. Consequently this paper can provide a guideline for design parameters of a RFID reader as well as the basic scheme of analyzing frequency interference problems in RFID environments, including multiple-reader and dense-reader environments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.10A
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• pp.987-996
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• 2008

In this paper, the conventional anti-collision algorithms, such as Channel Monitoring algorithm and Pulse Protocol algorithm are analyzed. To decrease tag identification time, and increase system throughput and efficiency, we propose a new reader anti-collision algorithm, Pulse Protocol-based Hybrid Reader Anti-collision Algorithm, using Slot-occupied Probability under dense reader environment. The proposed algorithm uses Slot-occupied Probability to improve the performance of Pulse Protocol Algorithm. That is, A reader checks Slot-occupied Probability after generating random backoff time. If Slot-occupied Probability is greater than 0, it uses another new random backoff time to avoid reader collision. We also compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with those of Channel Monitoring and Pulse Protocol algorithms in respect of identification time system throughput, and system efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has an increment of 5% of identification time and system throughput as increasing the number of readers.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.40-50
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• 2014

최근에 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) 기술은 사물인터넷의 기반 기술로 다양한 애플리케이션의 개발과 함께 산업화/정보화에 크게 기여하고 있다. 그러나 산업에서 요구하는 RFID 태그, 리더의 요구사항이 단순한 인식뿐만 아니라 다양한 정보를 장기간 저장하고 관리할 목적으로 태그 메모리 크기가 확장되고 있으며, 해당 정보를 태그에 읽고 쓰기 위하여 간섭 잡음에 강한 신뢰성 있는 성능 향상 무선통신기술이 연구되고 있다. 본고에서는 RFID 태그-리더 간 고속으로 통신하는 기술과 다량의 태그 밀집 환경에서 RFID 인식률 향상을 위한 빔포밍 기술에 대하여 기술한다.