• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2011

In this paper, we got soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC) of Nak-Dong River's sand respectively as relative density 40%, 60%, 80% and content of silt 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%. As a result, the more the sand densify in the same silt content and the more the sand has silt in the same relative density, the change of volume water content was decreased. we have known effect of silt contents for SWCC and verified existing empirical formula of SWCC. As experiment results of soil-water characteristic curves compared to the empirical solutions, the results of van Genuchten(1980) and Fredlund & Xing(1994) were well-matched showing S type curves with experiment results. Especially the empirical solution of Fredlund & Xing showed almost same results of the coefficient of correlation($R^2$) equal to 0.99.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.464-470
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 초음파를 사과의 비파괴 품질판정에 이용하기 위한 기초 연구로서 사과 표면에 입사, 반사되는 초음파 신호를 계측 및 분석하기 위한 시스템을 구축하고 저장기간에 따른 사과의 초음파 특성을 계측하였으며, 그 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 구성된 비 접촉식 초음파 장치를 이용하여 전압-시간 그래프에서 전압의 진폭(PTP)값을 구하였고 신호처리용 프로그램을 이용하여 획득한 신호를 주파수 영역에서 분석하여 피크주파수, 영역별 에너지 밀도함수 등을 구하였다. 2. 사과의 초음파 특성을 분석한 결과 사과의 저장기간은 초음파 응답신호의 진폭(PTP) 및 제 3영역 에너지 스펙트럼 밀도함수와 높은 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 초음파를 농산물의 비파괴 품질판정에 적용시 문제가 되고 지는 센서와 시료와의 접촉응력에 의한 응답신호의 변형에 의한 문제를 해결하고자 비 접촉식 센서를 사용하였으며, 실제 농산물에 적용이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.463-474
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• 2017

Heterogeneous background fractures of granite and sedimentary rocks in Gyeongju LILW (low-intermediate level radioactive waste) facility area have been characterized quantitatively by analyzing fracture parameters (orientation, intensity, and size). Surface geological survey, electrical resistivity survey, and acoustic televiewer log data were used to characterize the heterogeneity of background fractures. Bootstrap method was applied to represent spatial anisotropy of variably oriented background fractures in the study area. As a result, the fracture intensity was correlated to the inverse distance from the faults weighted by nearest fault size and the mean value of electrical resistivity and the average volumetric fracture intensity ($P_{32}$) was estimated as $3.1m^2/m^3$. Size (or equivalent radius) of the background fractures ranged from 1.5 m to 86 m and followed to power-law distribution based on the fractal property of fracture size, using fractures measured on underground silos and identified surface faults.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

This paper presents a comprehensive laboratory study that examines the effects of porosity, water content, density and grain size distribution on the thermal conductivity of soils which were sampled from 16 synoptic stations of Korea. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that porosity and water content are important parameters which strongly affect the thermal conductivity of soils. Soils with lower porosities and higher water contents have higher thermal conductivities. On the contrary, increase of the matrix density slightly increases the thermal conductivity, and grain size distribution hardly affects the thermal conductivity. Dry soils with the same porosity tend to have more scattered values of thermal conductivity than wet soils. Based on the experimental results, a multiple linear regression model and a nonlinear regression model, having two regression variables of porosity and water content, were presented to predict thermal conductivity. Both models show a high accuracy of prediction with $R^2$ values of 0.74 and 0.82, respectively. Thus, it is expected that the suggested empirical models can be used for predicting thermal conductivity of soils by measuring porosity and water content.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.208-216
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• 2001

Signal Fading due to multipath propagation severely impairs the performance of high-speed mobile communication systems. Effective diversity scheme for fading channel is STTD (Space Time Transmitter Diversity) method. This scheme is very simple and using 2 transmit antennas and 1 receive antenna provides a diversity order of two[1],[2]. In this paper, we derive the new probability density function of the envelope of the received signal over correlated Rayleigh fading channel. Using the new pdf of the envelope we analyze the performance of noncoherent M-ary FSK, DPSK and ASKSTTD (Space Time Transmitter Diversity) a system on correlated Rayleigh fading channel.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.616-623
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• 2001

Effects of the grating period fluctuation on the wavelength distribution have been studied by an effective index transfer matrix method in quarter wavelength shifted (QWS) DFB lasers. The wavelength distribution is expressed by a probability density that is an analytical function of the correlation coefficient and normalized standard deviation of the grating period fluctuation. The probability density function of wavelength distribution is shown to be nearly Gaussian, and its standard deviation increases with normalized standard deviation of the grating period fluctuation, and decreases with the negative correlation between adjacent half-periods.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2004

The values of physical properties of the inert gases of Ar, $N_2$, $CO_2$ were calculated by the empirical equations. The regression coefficients were obtained by the experimental data and the resulting calculated values. For the empirical equation with a lower regression coefficient, a new correlation was suggested. At an atmosphere pressure, the empirical equation was confirmed by the experimental values for the viscosity, density, saturated pressure, and surface tension of Ar, $N_2$, $CO_2$. The correlation coefficients of the empirical equations proposed in this work was higher than 0.99.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

Twelve Camellia sinensis populations were studied to investigate the biomass distribution related to stand structure. With increasing mean age of the population, mean root collar diameter increased, while mean height, density and root collar area had no correlation with the age. The result of dimension analysis after cutting the sample trees showed that dry weights of stems +branches and root were exponentially increased and dry weights of current leaves and twigs were linearly increased with increasing root collar diameter. However, the dry weight of older leaves was not related to the root collar diameter. The range of total biomass was 1,162~11,474kg/ha and the range of current leaf biomass was 165~1,341kg/ha. The range of T/R ratio was 1.5~2.8. The biomass of stems+branches and root were significantly correlated with the root collar area of the population and were not significantly correlated with the mean age, mean root collar diameter and density of the population. The biomass of current leaves and twigs were significantly correlated with the root collar area and density of the population.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2003

This study has evaluated the raingauge network of Nam-Han River Basin by assuming that the rainfall field is homogeneous in space and its spatial correlation structure is exponential. The results of the study was compared with the standard of WMO. Summarizing the results are as follows: (1) The Nam-Han River Basin is not the mountain area, nor the plain area of the WMO standard. However, the correlation length of the downstream part is longer than that of the upstream part, enough to differentiate the rainfall fields in both areas. (2) It seems that the standard for the evaluation of the raingauge network of Nam-Han River Basin should be decided to represent upper 50% of correlations derived, when the maximum intervals between neighboring gauges are estimated to be 18.2km for the upstream area and 21.1km for the downstream area. Simply evaluating the raingauge density, the Nam-Han River Basin has enough raingauges exceeding the WMO standard for the mountain area in the temperate region. (3) Evaluation of the spatial distribution of raingauges in the Nam-Han River Basin shows that its spatial distribution Is not in a proper level, especially when applying the WMO standard for the mountain area in the temperate region. However, when applying the new standard proposed in this study, only five to six more raingauges are required to be added.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.227-241
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• 1999

Groundwater flow in a fractured rock mass is related to the geometric characteristics of the fracture system. The objective of this study aims to analyze the probabilistic density function of fracture properties md their relations to the hydraulic conductivity in volcanic rocks of the northern Yosu area. Fracture characteristics were investigated by core logging and acoustic televiewer logging in four boreholes and the hydraulic conductivity was obtained from the constant pressure injection and fall-off tests. The 303 fractures were grouped into three sets by their orientation and three fracture types by the degree of opening in aperture. As a result of the study, the hydraulic conductivity in the test section intersected by open and semi-open fractures, conductive fractures, and set 1 fractures was very high, while closed fractures did rarely affect the hydraulic conductivity. It was recognized that the hydraulic conductivity in a fractured rock mass was preferentially affected by the aperture size of conductive fractures and fracture intersection frequency and size, secondly.