• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.21-36
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• 2023

As a solution to environmental issues, such as climate change response, the carbon neutrality strategy, urban heat islands, fine dust, and biodiversity enhancement, the value of urban green spaces and trees are becoming important, and various studies dealing with the effects of trees for environmental improvement are being conducted. This study comprehensively considers the preceding studies on planting tree species, planting structure, planting density, and planting base to propose a direction for the planting renewal of green areas in urban parks and applies the findings to a renewal plan to improve the urban environment through landscaping trees. A field survey was conducted on the planting status of Seoul Children's Grand Park, a large-scale neighborhood park in Seoul, and based on the survey data, a planting function evaluation was conducted, and areas needing improvement in planting function were identified. The planting function evaluation was carried out considering the park function setting, planting concept according to spatial function, and planting status. As a result of the study, the direction of planting renewal according to functional change was derived for each stage of planting function evaluation. Increasing the green area ratio is a priority in setting up park functions, but user convenience should also be considered. As a concept of planting, visual landscape planting involves planting species with beautiful tree shapes, high carbon absorption, and fine dust reduction effects. Ecological landscape planting should create a multi-layered planting site on a slope. Buffer planting should be created as multi-layered forests to improve carbon absorption and fine dust reduction effects. Green planting should consist of broad-leaved trees and herbaceous layers and aim for the natural planting of herbaceous species. For plant species, species with high urban environment improvement effects, local native species, and wild bird preferred species should be selected. As for the planting structure, landscape planting sites and green planting sites should be composed of trees, shrubs, and trees and herbaceous layers that emphasize ecology or require multi-layered buffer functions. A higher standard is applied based on the planting interval for planting density. Installing a rainwater recycling facility and using soil loam for the planting base improves performance. The results of this study are meaningful in that they can be applied to derive areas needing functional improvement by performing planting function evaluation when planning planting renewal of aging urban parks and can suggest renewal directions that reflect the paradigm of functional change of created green areas.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2017

Inorganic stiffening agents were prepared by mixing paper sludge incineration ash, blast furnace slag fine powder quicklime, anhydrous gypsum and fly ash. The main components of the solidifying agent developed for sludge treatment were SiO, $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Mn_2O_3$, CaO, MgO, $Na_2O$, $K_2O$, $P_2O$, and $SO_3$. Unlike cement, the developed solidifying agent did not contain $Cr^{6+}$, which is known as a carcinogen. Heavy metals and oil contaminated soil were mixed with solidifying agent and cured for 7 days and the heavy metal content was below the environmental standard. Sewage sludge cake, food waste and solidifying agent were mixed with each other, and after 7 days curing, soil component test showed that the heavy metal content was below the environmental standard. After mixing the sludge, solidifying agent and additive mixture into the beaker, the ammonia concentration was measured to be 0 after 3 days.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.130-133
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• 2006

This study was conducted to select Codonopsis lanceolata seed's new pelleting particulate materials and adhesives. Different adhesives (Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), Xanthan gum (XG), Arabic gum (AG)) and particulate materials (Illite, Diatomite, Pyrophyllite + Illite + Diatomite (PID), Pyrophyllite + Illite + Talc (PIT), Bentonite + Talc (BT)) were tested for seed pelleting. PID for Codonopsis lanceolata seed pelleting appeared to be the best particulate material. Among the pelleting adhesives, PVP was the best adhesive for seed pelleting, and the optimum concentration for germination of pelleting seed was 1 %. Germination rate of the pelleted seeds treated with PID particulate material and PVP adhesive was higher (86.8%) than those of raw seeds (85.5%). $T_{50}$ and MDG of pelleted Codonopsis lanceolata seed required five and eight days at soil moisture content of 50%, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2013

Aerosol characterization study for individual particle in Busan metropolitan industrial complex was carried out from December 2010 to August 2011. SEM(scanning electron microscope)-EDX(energy dispersive x-ray) analysis was used for the analysis of 600 single particles during the sampling periods to identify non-metallic aerosol particle sources. Average $PM_{10}$ concentration was 65.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in summer, 104.1 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in winter during the sample periods. And Average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was 24.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in summer, 64.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in winter individually. Particle density, enrichment factor, correlation analysis, principle component analysis were performed based on chemical composition data. Particle density distribution was measured to 2~4 $g/cm^3$, and the density of $PM_{2.5}$ was measured above 3 $g/cm^3$. In general, the elements Si, Ca, Fe and Al concentrations were higher in all samples of individual particles. The non-ferrous elements Zn, Br, Pb, Cu concentrations were higher in summer than in winter. The concentrations were not changed with the seasons because of non-ferrous industry emission pattern.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

This paper describes the development of the ground penetrating radar (GPR) system using UWB impulse radar with 48 Channel array. GPR is an effective alternative technology to resolve th disadvantages of metal detectors. Metal detectors have a very low detection probability of non-metallic landmine and high false alarm rates caused by metallic materials under the ground. In this paper, we use the mono-cycle pulse waveform with about 600 ps pulse width to obtain high resolution landmine microwave images. In order to analyze performances of this system, we utilize indoor test facility that made up of rough sandy loam which representative Korean soil. The mimic landmine models of metal/non-metal and anti-tank/anti-personnel landmines buried in DMZ (demilitarized zone) of Korea are used to analyze the detection depth and the shape of the mines using microwave image.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of PAHs in atmosphere and soil, and their relationship, accumulation tendency in soil, and its contain burden ratio (%) the PM$_{10}$ and soil were sampled adjacent to a roadside and analysed by HPLC from August 25th 1996 to September 22nd 1996 in Seoul and Kunggido area. The main results are summarized below 1. The concentration of PM$_{10}$ in the ambient air was showed in order of industrial region ($142.70\pm 21.77 \mu g/m^3$), commercial region ($136.51\pm 31.62 \mu g/m^3$), residential region ($110.12\pm 14.98 \mu g/m^3$), greenbelt region ($77.44\pm 12.12 \mu g/m^3$), respectively. 2. Distribution of PAHs concentration level in PM$_{10}$ and soil was showed in order of industrial region, commercial region, residential region, greenbelt region, respectively in all components. 3. The contain burden ratio (%) in PM$_{10}$ was attested that BbF was the highest contain burden component (21.7-32%) and An was the lowest contain burden component (0.35-1.95%) in all region. 4. The contain burden ratio (%) in soil was attested that Pb (20.5%) was the highest and An (0.8%) was the lowest contain burden component in industrial region and BbF (21.9%) and An (0.45%) were the same tendency in commercial region and Py (21.6%) and BkF (3.5%) were in residential region, Py (29%) and An (2.6%) were in greenbelt region. 5. The relationship between concentration of PAHs in PM$_{10}$ and soil was attested that the component of BbF (r=0.514) was very highly correlated, and there were significant in Fl and BaA in soil between industrial region and commercial region (P<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.269-273
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• 2011

본 연구는 도암댐 상류 고랭지 농업지역의 이른 봄철 융설에 의해 발생되는 비점오염 물질의 배출 특성을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 연구는 2010년 2월 중순부터 4월 말까지 수행하였다. 연구지역에서는 2009년 11월 2일부터 2010년 4월 29일까지 눈이 내렸으며, 일 최대 적설량은 2월 11일에 기록된 59.3 cm이고, 총 적설량은 372.1 cm로 나타났다. 연구결과 융설에 의해 발생되는 단위 면적당 유량은 $77.05\;m^3$/ha/day로서 겨울철 평시 유량 $26.99\;m^3$/ha/day에 비해 두배 가까이 증가하였다. 유량의 변화는 기온의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 유량의 변화는 탁도와 SS 그리고 $COD_{Mn}$의 농도 변화에 영향을 주는 것으로 조사되었다. 오염물질 항목 중 SS와 COD의 유량가중평균농도는 각각 986.0 mg/L와 16.3 mg/L로서 겨울철 평시 농도보다 크게 증가하였는데, 이는 융설시 발생한 유출수에 의해 미세한 토양입자의 유실과 함께 오염물질도 배출된 결과로 판단된다. 그러나 T-N과 T-P의 농도는 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구결과에 기초할 때, 담수호 상류에 위치한 고랭지 지역에서는 겨울철 적설량이 많고 융설에 의한 수질오염 문제가 하는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 해빙기 융설로 인해 발생되는 비점오염 물질의 정량화에 대한 연구가 체계적이고 지속적으로 수행될 필요가 있다. 특히 우리나라의 겨울철 적설량과 기온은 연도별로 많은 편차가 있고, 연구결과 다량의 오염물질이 배출되기 때문에 융설에 대한 연구는 반드시 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2000

Oxidation of pyrite has caused a serious environmental problem such as the acidification of soil and surface water. The mineralogical change of acid sulfate weathering of hydrothermally altered andesite which contained 11.8% of pyrite and was exposed in atmosphere by lay out works for a residential area and a golf course was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electronmicroscopes. Ferrihydrite, jarosite, and an unidentified water soluble phase were observed as weathering products of the andesite. Under electronmicroscopes, showed aggregate of platy microcrystals; jarosite was platy morphology: water soluble Phase was columnar. Morphology of fresh Pyrite in the andesite changed from pyritrohedron to cubic in its frequency with increasing its particle size. The drainage water was acidic (pH 3.5) and in an equilibrium state with both ferrihydrite and jarosite.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2008

Strain Kan-23 was extracted from nematophagous fungi, which were isolated from the soil sample of oriental melon field. The strain exhibited the slow-growing characteristic forming conidia after prolonged incubation for 30 days. Morphological features of strain Kan-23 were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It possesses erect conidiophores which contain $2{\sim}3$ side branches, with each branch producing $5{\sim}10$ conidia. The size of conidiophores were between $160{\sim}450\;{\mu}m$. Conidia were ellipsoidal with three septa[septum] in each conidium. Strain Kan-23 captured nematodes by means of giant constricting rings, which were observed in the glucose peptone agar medium. ITS region of rDNA sequence was analyzed. On the basis of the high sequence similarity of ITS region (99%), the Kan-23 strain was closely related to Drechslerella brochopaga (U51950). This is the first report on Drechslerella brochopaga as a nematophagous fungus in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 1983

A Corynebacterium sp. capable of utilizing diaminododecane (DAD) were isolated from the soil by enrichment culture. Among 9 different kinds of substituted alkanes containing CN, $NH_2$, Cl, and SH groups (monoterminally or diterminally substituted) tested as carbon source, the isolate, designated as DAD 2-3, utilized DAD, putrescine dihydrochloride, dodecane and laurylamine. Dodecanethiol, thioanisole, decanedithiol, dicyanooctane, laurylcyanide,and dichlorodecane were not utilized. When emulgen 950 was added to the medium, the growth of DAD 2-3 was slightly accelerated. Isolate DAD 2-3 grown in the medium with DAD as carbon source formed .alpha.-ketoglutaric acid. Metabolic product of DAD 2-3 grown in a medium without nitrogen source was different from that of grown in a medium with $NH_4NO_3$. When glucose, putrescine, n-dodecane and other alkane derivatives were tested in place of DAD, isolate DAD 2-3 yielded products different from those they formed with DAD suggesting specificity of DAD as a carbon source.