• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1006-1012
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• 2008

The effect of small and medium scale shipyard operations on environmental pollutions related with civil appeal of nearby residential areas was estimated. PM-10(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 $\mu$m) concentrations were higher, as the sampling sites were nearer from shipyards. PM-10 concentrations of sampling sites closer to shipbuilding companies were higher during the normal operation periods than on vacation at which only small works were done. The larger amount of dry deposition was observed as the sampling sites were closer to shipyards. The odor intensity was highly influenced by ambient temperature. Almost all odor intensities measured by air dilution sensory test went over the emission standard in summer. Odor properties measured by instrumental analysis were observed to exceed the emission standard enforced to the shipyards. Odor compounds such as ammonia, sulfur compounds and trimethylamine went over the standard. Concentrations of styrene and aldehydes were lower than the olfactory threshold. All equivalent sound levels measured at daytime except the value of SP-3 pont were in excess of the environmental standard. Almost all sound levels at nighttime in all measuring sites were higher than the environmental standard. The results of this study shows counterplans need to be established for reducing the civil appeal related pollutions in the research areas.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1409-1416
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• 2015

The change of temperature influences on the various aspect, especially human health, plant and animal's growth, economics, industry, and culture of the country. In this article, the autoregressive error (ARE) model has been considered for analyzing the monthly temperature data at the Suwon monitoring site in Korea. In the ARE model, five meteorological variables, four greenhouse gas variables and five pollution variables are used as the explanatory variables for the temperature data set. The five meteorological variables are wind speed, rainfall, radiation, amount of cloud, and relative humidity. The four greenhouse gas variables are carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), and chlorofluorocarbon ($CFC_{11}$). And the five air pollution explanatory variables are particulate matter ($PM_{10}$), sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$), nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), ozone ($O_3$), and carbon monoxide (CO). Among five meteorological variables, radiation, amount of cloud, and wind speed are more influence on the temperature. The radiation influences during spring, summer and fall, whereas wind speed influences for the winter time. Also, among four greenhouse gas variables and five pollution variables, chlorofluorocarbon, methane, and ozone are more influence on the temperature. The monthly ARE model explained about 43-69% for describing the temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.667-675
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• 2020

Objectives: Exposure to fine dust (PM10) could contribute to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease or respiratory abnormalities. Since garlic is known to possess an anti-oxidative stress effect, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of garlic intake on fine dust-mediated pulmonary toxicity. Methods: Rats were intratracheally instilled with fine dust at 15 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for five days following five-day intragastric intubation of garlic at 0.7 or 1.4 g/kgBW/day, or 13.1 mg/kgBW/day S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) as a reference component in garlic. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. Results: Deposit of fine dust was visually and histopathologically observed in the lungs. Body weight gain during the instillation period was significantly lowered in all the groups instilled with fine dust. Neutrophil numbers in blood were significantly elevated in the fine dust alone group, but this alteration was diminished in the groups administered with garlic. Levels of serum glutathione were lower in the rats instilled with fine dust alone, and this decrease in the glutathione level seems dose-dependently compensated among the groups administered with garlic. Similar findings were observed in the BALF with statistical significance. Typical pulmonary histopathological observation related with inflammation was demonstrated in the lungs of the rats exposed to fine dust alone, whereas such histopathologic findings were not improved in the groups administered with garlic. Conclusion: The present study suggests that garlic intake could alleviate fine dust-mediated pulmonary or systemic toxicities. Further investigation is necessary to delineate the mechanism of garlic-mediated effects on pulmonary function.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.344-352
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• 2023

Background: With its developed port and related industries, the concentration of fine dust is high in Busan compared to other cities in South Korea. Many studies have reported the health effects of fine dust, but there has been a lack of information regarding concentrations of volatile organic compounds among those who exposed to high levels of fine dust. Objectives: This study aimed to define an area with high concentrations of particulate matter and perform biomonitoring surveys among the residents of the area. Methods: Air quality data was collected and the mean level of each district in Busan was derived. We then defined the area with the highest concentrations of PM₁₀ as a target site. Urine samples were collected from the 400 participants and analyzed for VOCs metabolites - trans,trans-Muconic Acid (t,t-MA) and N-AcetylS-(benzyl)-L-cysteine (BMA). Interviews were conducted by trained investigators to examine demographic information. The levels of t,t-MA and BMA were compared with representative South Korean population data (Korean National Environmental Health Survey). The association of the VOC metabolites and fine dust were analyzed by general linear regression analysis. Results: The mean of PM₁₀ in the target site was 42.50 ㎍/m³ from 2018 to 2020. Among the 400 participants in the target site, 74.8% were female and the average age of the participants was 66 years. The geometric mean of t,t-MA was 71.15 ㎍/g creatinine and the BMA was 7.00 ㎍/g creatinine among the residents. The levels were higher than the geometric mean from the 4th KoNEHS. The levels of t,t-MA showed significance in BMI, smoking status, and household income. BMA showed significance in gender and age. Conclusions: Compared to the general population of South Korea, the target site's residents had higher biomonitoring levels. Based on this study, continuous screening for high risk areas, including the target site, and biomonitoring of the residents are required.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the influence of indoor air qualities of an office environment on dry eye syndrome for wearing contact lens and non-wearing contact lens. Methods: To study the effects of indoor air qualities on dry eye syndrome for seventy-one subjects, $CO_2$, temperature, humidity, TSP, PM10, HCHO were measured. Each subject was tested by a McMonnie's dry eye syndrome questionnaire, a Schirmer Tear Test-I (S.T.T-I), a Schirmer Tear Test-II with anesthetics (S.T.T-II), and Tear film break-up time (T.B.U.T) in the their offices. Results: There was significant relation between the indoor air quality and dry eye syndrome for wearing contact lens and non-wearing when TSP was over $200{\mu}g/m^3$, PM10 was higher than $86.7{\mu}g/m^3$ and Formaldehyde was over $0.4{\sim}1.0{\mu}g/m^3$. However, there was no significant effect on dry eye syndrome with $CO_2$ (p=.0146), temperature (p=0.074) and humidity (p=0.053). Conclusions: It was indicated that $CO_2$, temperature and humidity were no effect on dry eye syndrome in the office environment. However TSP, PM10, formaldehyde, and wearing contact lens were effect on dry eye syndrome. Therefore, the entire management of wearing contact lens and the individual evaluation of the indoor air quality are required.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.607-618
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• 2017

Harmful air pollutants are exhausted from the various industrial facilities including the coal-fired thermal power plants and these substances affects on the human health as well as the nature environment. In particular, nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) are known to be causative substances to form fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$), which are also deleterious to human health. The integrated system composed of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) have been widely applied in order to control $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ emissions, resulting in high investment and operational costs, maintenance problems, and technical limitations. Recently, new technologies for the simultaneous removal of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ from the flue gas, such as absorption, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), non-thermal plasma (NTP), and electron beam (EB), are investigated in order to replace current integrated systems. The proposed technologies are based on the oxidation of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ to $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ by using strong aqueous oxidants or oxidative radicals, the absorption of $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ into water at the gas-liquid interface, and the neutralization with additive reagents. In this paper, we summarize the technical improvements of each simultaneous abatement processes and the future prospect of technologies for demonstrating large-scaled applications.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of the filtering sets composed of fiberboards, which were fabricated with lignocellulosic fiber and cork oak bark-based activated carbon (COA), as well as traditional Korean paper handmade from mulberry trees (KP) for the filtration of PM, TVOC and HCHO. Three-layers fiberboards (WRF) were fabricated with wood fiber in its surface layers and recycled fiber/COA in its core layer using a protein-based adhesive with the resin content of 8%. Filtering sets were composed of three WRF and one sheet of KP. Concentrations of PM, TVOC and HCHO generated with the combustion of a incense in a sealed laboratory hood were reduced efficiently with the operation of air-purifier installed the filtering sets. Except for the WRF fabricated with 4%/4% resin contents, other WRF were prepared with 5%/3% and 6%/2% resin contents in surface/core layers, and then the WRF were used with KP for the fabrication of filtering sets. Filtration efficiency of the filtering sets was improved as the core-layer resin content applied in the fabrication of WRF decreased. In addition, filtration efficiency of the WRF-based filtering set fabricated with KP of 25 g/m² basis weight was higher than that with KP of 45 g/m² basis weight. Filtering sets composed of three-layers fiberboards (RWF) that recycled fiber and wood fiber/COA were used in its surface and core layers, respectively, and KP-25g showed higher filtration efficiency than those of WRF-based filtering sets. Air-inhalation equipment installed the RWF-based, WRF-based filtering sets and without filtering set were operated in small indoor and large outdoor spaces. Efficiency for filtering PM and TVOC of the RWF-based filtering sets was higher than that of other filtering sets. It is concluded that fiberboard-based filtering sets composed of RWF and KP-25g can be used as a filter for reducing the concentrations of PM and TVOC existed in indoor and outdoor spaces.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.719-725
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• 2020

Objectives: With the growth of national interest in fine particulate matter, many complaints about pollutants emitted from air pollution emitting facilities have arisen in recent years. In particular, it is thought that a large volume of particulate pollutants are discharged from workplaces that use Solid Refuse Fuel (SRF). Therefore, particulate contaminants generated from SRF were measured and analyzed in this study in terms of respective particle sizes. Methods: In this study, particulate matter in exhaust gas was measured by applying US EPA method 201a using a cyclone. This method measures Filterable Particulate Matter (FPM), and does not consider the Condensable Particulate Matter (CPM) that forms particles in the atmosphere after being discharged as a gas in the exhaust gas. Results: The mass concentration of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) in the four SRF-using facilities was 1.16 to 11.21 mg/Sm3, indicating a very large concentration deviation of about 10 times. When the fuel input method was the continuous injection type, particulate matter larger than 10 ㎛ diameter showed the highest particle size fraction, followed by particulate matter smaller than 10 ㎛ and larger than 2.5 ㎛, and particulate matter of 2.5 ㎛ or less. Contrary to the continuous injection type, the batch injection type had the smallest particle size fraction of particulate matter larger than 10 ㎛. The overall particulate matter decreased as the operating load factor decreased from 100% to 60% at the batch input type D plant. In addition, as incomplete combustion significantly decreased, the particle size fraction also changed significantly. Both TSP and heavy metals (six items) satisfied the emissions standards. The measured value of the emission factor was 38-99% smaller than the existing emissions factor. Conclusions: In the batch injection facility, the particulate matter decreased as the operating load factor decreased, as did the particle size fraction of the particulate matter. These results will help the selection of effective methods such as reducing the operating load factor instead of adjusting the operating time during emergency reduction measures.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2011

This study was designed to identify a subjective symptom level by Indoor air according to ventilation system in Dental Clinic. The number of respondents was 582 who work in dental clinic and period of investigation was October 2010 through January 2011. A structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate the level of participants' sociodemographics, job-related factors, work place condition, a subjective symptom. Most of respondents were answered that time for symptom to begin was at around 2 P.M. and time for symptom to feel serve pain was at around 3 P.M. and ventilation frequency per a day was often in case of individual cooling and heating system. More often natural ventilation and in case of individual cooling and heating system, the level of subject symptom was low and multiple regression analysis has found that indoor air quality related elements were main factors that influence to the feeling of satisfaction in work place. The results of this study suggest that more often natural ventilation was very important to reduce the level of subjective symptom. Thus, a management program for indoor air quality is strongly recommended by natural ventilation, maintenance man for promotion of quality of life in dental hygienist and to improve dental service and competitiveness.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6D
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• pp.693-702
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• 2009

In the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), transportation sector is the largest source of air pollutant emissions. Of the total amount of air pollutant emissions in the SMA, about 52% of the particulate matter emissions and 59% of the nitrogen oxide emissions are from superannuated heavy diesel vehicles. To lessen the air pollutant emissions from superannuated heavy vehicles in the SMA, this study devised several strategies for operating Environmental Zone (EZ) program, which requires superannuated heavy diesel vehicles to install reduction equipments as well as restricts them entering part of the SMA, and evaluated the effects of different strategies on air pollution in the SMA. By using the Korean traffic statistics, an evaluation has been made of six EZ scenarios, which were devised by different target areas and vehicles. The results showed that the EZ program with retrofitting a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) equipment to 7-year-old heavy diesel vehicles and early scrapping of pre-1998 heavy diesel vehicles is the most efficient alternative in terms of air pollution reduction. In addition, the results showed that the magnitude of air pollution reduction increases when implementing the EZ program to all entering superannuated heavy diesel vehicles to the SMA rather than registered ones in the SMA.