• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated rice bran fermented by Bacillus subtilis (RFB) at $40^{\circ}C$ for 36 h to develop a new natural antioxidant and whitening agent for new natural cosmetics. RFB showed reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide radical scavenging activities and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities at a concentration of $100 \;{\mu}L$/mL. DPPH, superoxide radical scavenging activities and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were higher in the RFB than in the RB. Inhibitory activity on auto-oxidation of linoleic acid is also highest at a concentration of $100 \;{\mu}L$/mL. RFB showed the higher inhibitory activity than RB in auto-oxidation. RFB reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 80 % at a concentration of $100 \;{\mu}L$/mL. Therefore, we suggest that RFB could be used as a useful antioxidant and whitening agent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2012

Chaff-vinegar is known for having a variety of useful purposes in the fields of health and lifestyles. In a previous study we isolated and identified the active fractions of the polyphenol compound 7 species as a potential biomaterial for cosmeceuticals. To further test for its potential use as a functional material, we carried out an MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity assay and a xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. Chaff-vinegar exhibited potent collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities in a concentration dependent manner, indicating that the agent has the potential to alleviate the skin wrinkling process. Chaff-vinegar also showed 80% tyrosinase inhibition at a concentration of $100{\mu}L/mL$. DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase inhibition, and SOD-like activity results for each activity were 80%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. Taken together, the present study suggests that chaff-vinegar is a good candidate for use as an anti-wrinkling and/or whitening agent.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Recently, due to the increase in skin diseases caused by particulate matter, endocrine disruptor and environmental changes, the trend of development of cosmetic materials has been shifting to the more safe and effective ingredients based on natural materials rather than existing synthetic compounds like steroids and antihistamines. This study aimed to develop a new natural cosmetic materials using oriental herbs such as Eucommiae cortex, Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel and Bombyx batryticatus. First, DPPH assay was performed to examine the antioxidative activity of the herbal extract (Mix) and 98.8% DPPH radical scavenging activity was confirmed at $400{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of it. In order to confirm the whitening efficacy of oriental herbal extracts(mix), the amount of melanin synthesized after stimulation of ${\alpha}-MSH$ with B16F10 cells was measured. Results showed that it was decreased to 27.1% comparing with the only ${\alpha}-MSH$ treated group, which confirmed the whitening efficacy. Also, both nitric oxide(NO) production and iNOS and COX-2 expression were significantly reduced in RAW264.7 macrophages activated by LPS in the presence of the extracts(Mix). The mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines such as $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ was also analyzed to confirm the inhibition effect of the extracts on inflammation. Finally, to confirm the enhancement of skin barrier function, the expression of claudin 1 gene, a tight junction protein, was observed using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and increased as concentration dependent manner. From these results, it is concluded that the oriental herbal extracts(Mix) containing Eucommiae cortex, Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel and Bombyx batryticatus is effective for antioxidant, anti-inflammation, skin whitening, and skin barrier and thus could be applied as a new natural cosmetic material.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2021

전 세계는 covid 19의 pandemic 상황이 장기화되면서 화장품 분야의 trend 변화가 일어나고 있다. covid 19의 예방으로 마스크는 생활필수품이 되었고, 행정적으로도 사무공간에서도 마스크를 착용하지 않으면 과태료를 부과하는 상황에 이르렀다. 이로 인하여 장시간 마스크 착용은 필수 불가결한 상황이며, 이로 인하여 얼굴 피부의 장벽기능(barrier function)의 와해로 인하여 피부가 예민해지고 크고 작은 피부의 trouble이 많이 발생하고 있다. 이에 따라 소비자들은 화장품의 선택에 있어 피부 진정과 피부에 자극완화(anti-irritation) 및 안전성(safety)에 대한 것으로 점차적으로 변화하고 있다. Covid 19 이전의 화장품 소재 및 제품 개발의 트렌드는 국내의 기능성화장품 범주에 있는 미백 관련, 주름관련, 자외선 차단관련, 염모관련, 육모 탈모 관련, 여드름관련, 피부장벽관련, 튼살 관련 기능성 소재 및 제품 개발과 화장품 용도외의 고기능성 부여를 위한 코스메슈티컬(cosmeceutical)용 제품의 개발이 중요한 시기였다. 코스메슈티컬(cosmeceutical)은 화장품(cosmetic)과 의약품(pharmaceutical)의 합성어이다. 그러나 최근 Covid 19의 상황에 따라 화장품 업계는 포스트 코로나의 트렌드로 피부 장벽기능 강화, 피부노화 억제, 식물성, 자극완화, 비건, 안전성 확보에 대한 다양한 천연 소재의 연구와 제품을 개발 출시하고 있다. 따라서, 2020년 Covid 19의 상황에 따른 화장품 분야의 천연 신소재 및 화장품 개발 방향에 대하여 자원 식물의 활용성 및 개발 동향에 대하여 논의 하고자한다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

Saccharomyces lysate has the well-known function of soothing the skin in various ways: it is an anti-irritant and can treat skin care conditions, such as skin whitening and antioxidative activity. However, data on the safety for use of Saccharomyces lysate in cosmetics and skin care products are still limited. To design a new cosmetic material with antioxidant and skin-whitening effects, 80 yeast strains were isolated from berries grown in Sunchang. Among the isolates, the FT4-4 strain, which exhibited superior biological activities, was selected for further experiments. The FT4-4 strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by 18S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. S. cerevisiae FT4-4 showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging (51.41%), superoxide dismutase (62.23%), and tyrosinase inhibition (64.75%) activities. The highest yield of biomass (3.16 g/l) and maximum growth rate of S. cerevisiae FT4-4 were observed within 16 h. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity potential of S. cerevisiae FT4-4 on B16F10 melanoma cells was measured by an MTT assay, and the results indicated that S. cerevisiae FT4-4 had a capacity to inhibit melanin up to 72.02% at an initial 10 mg/ml concentration. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae FT4-4 could be a promising candidate as a multi-functional material for application in the cosmetic industry, especially because of its antioxidant and skin-whitening effects.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.291-302
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• 2011

The study was to investigate whitening and antioxidation effects by determining the tyrosinase inhibition activity, DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase like activity of essential oils from Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. The aim of the present study was to suggest preliminary data for research whitening and anti-oxidant effects material of C. japonica and C. obtusa essential oils and confirm supplementary worth of natural volatile organic compounds (nVOCs). Essential oils of C. japonica and C. obtusa leaves were extracted by steam distillation method of clevenger type, and nVOCs were extracted by high-temperature reactor for utilizing nVOCs condensates released during drying of C. japonica and C. obtusa at 80, 100, and $120^{\circ}C$ temperature conditions, respectively. In the activity of whitening and antioxidation, C. japonica oil was more effective than C. obtusa oil. nVOCs of C. japonica and C. obtusa showed highly activity of tyrosinase inhibitory at higher temperature. Antioxidation activity only shown on nVOCs of C. japonica produced at $120^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.900-907
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• 2018

This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of unripe apple peel water extracts as cosmetic materials and to evaluate the biological activities of the antioxidant and whitening effects of the samples. The antioxidative properties of the samples were confirmed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging ability. To evaluate the whitening effect of the samples, several analytical techniques were used, including toxicity evaluations of the samples by MTT assays. Measurements of the inhibition rates of cellular tyrosinase, melanin synthesis rates, and expression rates of whitening-related proteins and genes were confirmed using melanoma (B16F10 cell). At equivalent unripe apple peel water concentrations ($1,000{\mu}g/ml$), the DPPH radical scavenging and the ABTS cation radical scavenging activities were 77.3% and 93.1%, respectively. The whitening activity evaluation showed that tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis were inhibited by 19.8% and 17.3%, respectively, at unripe apple peel water extract concentrations of $50{\mu}g/ml$. In B16F10 cells induced by ${\alpha}$-MSH, the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 decreased. Also, the activity of the transcription factor MITF was inhibited. In real-time PCR experiments, the expression of related genes at the upstream signal level was also found to be progressively lowered as the concentration of unripe apple peel water extracts increased. From these results, it was confirmed that the unripe apple peel water extracts showed excellent whitening efficacy and could be used as safe, natural, raw cosmetic material in the future.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the whitening effects of an extract from Smilax china L., which is a vine shrub belonging to the lily family. With regard to the whitening effects, 70% ethanol and water extracts from Smilax china L. showed more than 77.6% and 40.2% tyrosinase inhibition at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}l$. Furthermore, the 70% ethanol extract showed cytotoxicity of 89% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in melanoma cells. Western blot showed that the inhibitory effect of the 70% ethanol extract on MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase protein expression decreased by 89.9%, 46.2%, 57.6%, and 55.8%, respectively, at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. Moreover, reverse transcription-PCR showed that the inhibitory effect of the 70% ethanol extract on MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase mRNA expression decreased by 78.5%, 58.0%, 78.8%, and 70.8%, respectively, at the same concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. Further, realtime PCR showed that the 70% ethanol extract-induced decrease in MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase quantitative mRNA expression rate was concentration-dependent. The findings suggest that the extract from Smilax china L. has great potential as a cosmetic ingredient with whitening effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed two components, sulforaphane and PF-3758309 to prove that the mixed composition of them has more effective antioxidant and whitening functions compared to each component. We analyzed the cellular toxicity of each component and also the mixed composition to find the safe concentration level for cell viability. From the single component treatment, we discovered that sulforaphane was safe up to $10{\mu}M$, and PF-3758309 up to 100 nM. Combination treatment of $10{\mu}M$ sulforaphane and 1 nM PF-3758309 did not affect the cell viability. The LPS-stimulated NO generation was significantly reduced by the mixed composition of sulforaphane and PF-3758309. Melanogenesis by ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) was also inhibited by the mixed composition. In order to confirm the possibility as the cosmetic material, we carried out clinical studies for the mixed composition samples. Skin safety evaluation using patch test was judged to be unstimulated, skin whitening effect was increased, and melanin deposition was suppressed by treatment of mixed composition samples. These results provide us with the opportunity for applying it into the development of new functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1192-1199
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• 2019

The intention of this study was to confirm the possible use of an ethanol extracts of Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus (NRN) as a cosmetic material. To this end, we extracted NRN with 70% ethanol and performed biological activity evaluation of whitening efficacy and wrinkle reduction. We performed cellular tyrosinase inhibition and melanin contents assay to check the whitening activity of NRN and carried out a toxicity evaluation of NRN via an MTT assay and the amounts of associated proteins that affect melanin production in a melanoma cell line (B16F10). And collagenase inhibitory assay was performed for the evaluation of anti-wrinkle of samples. In addition, a toxicity evaluation using an MTT assay and matrix metalloprotease (MMP-1) and procollagen synthesis inhibition by NRN were evaluated in a fibroblast cell line (CCD-986sk). Western blot results for the whitening activity evaluation revealed that the levels of two proteins related to melanin production, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, collagenase inhibition activity at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/ml$ NRN by measuring epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was increased by more than 80% compared to the control group. Meanwhile, procollagen synthesis was reduced by 68.8% in the UVB-induced CCD- 986sk cells group whereas collagen synthesis recovered by 80.2% with $25{\mu}g/ml$ NRN. The MMP-1 expression rate showed 20.2% reduction at $25{\mu}g/ml$. The results of the experiments verified the whitening and wrinkle suppression effects of NRN and confirmed that it could be used as a safe natural cosmetic material in the future.