• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.16 s.16
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2004

This study evaluates the occurrences, phyfical weathering and biological deterioration on rock properties during the dissection process an object of stone pagoda in the Mireuksaji temple site. For restoration and conservation, all kinds of rock properties are carried out detailed scientific investigation and diagnosis. Constituting rocks of the pagoda composed mainly of equi-granular medium grained biotite that rock properties presumed to be use about 3,000 materials. Main external properties of the pagoda are total 446 materials, and the rock properties under the concentration load on the each floors occurred with overlapping fracture, weathering and deteriorations. The 84 materials show highly degraded about $18.8\%$ among the external properties. Representative physicochemical deteriorations are fracture, loss, break, exfoliation, degradation, grain shaped dissolution, relief surface, discoloration and hydroxide precipitates, in this study, the deterioration state of each properties give a precisely description and analysis. Coverage of lichen and algae on the rock surface represented about $85\%$. As the some properties, biological contaminants withered up when spray rock surface with diluted cleaning chemicals. Results of the study are utilized an application for restoration system and detailed investigation during the dissection process of stone cultural properties.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to trace the provenance of lead raw materials using the lead isotope ratio of 9 lead glasses excavated from the Sarira hole of Mireuksaji stone pagoda and to determine correlation between them and other lead glasses excavated from the Wanggungri site. The results of chemical analysis of the 9 lead glasses show that they are common lead glass system($PbO-SiO_2$) with respect to the contents of PbO (70 wt.%) and $SiO_2$ (30 wt.%). The lead isotope ratios of them plot to northern Korean peninsula when applied to the distribution map of lead isotopes of East Asia. On the other hand, southern Korean peninsula is verified as the main deposits of the lead ore in the distribution map of lead isotopes of South Korea. With respect to the results, it is notable that the provenance of the 9 lead glasses can be very different depending on the distribution map. In addition, a comparative study between them and the lead glasses excavated from the Wanggungri which was built in the same region and period shows that their lead isotopes are highly correlated.

• TTA Journal
• /
• s.152
• /
• pp.52-53
• /
• 2014

우리 주변에는 세월의 무게를 견디지 못하고 나날이 훼손되어 가는 문화재가 많다. 온도변화에 따른 팽창계수의 차이나 풍화작용 등으로 유물 일부가 떨어져 나가고, 표면의 균열 부분으로 물이 스며들면서 얼어붙었던 부분이 녹아 구조 불균형이 발생하기도 한다. 또 산성비나 대기오염과 같은 환경오염으로 산화 문제가 발생하는가 하면, 비둘기 등 조류 배설물이나 세균류 지의류 이끼류 같은 생물학적 요인으로 파손되기도 한다. 종교나 예술 활동에 따른 인위적인 훼손(반달리즘, Vandalism)도 일어난다. 자연재해로 어쩔 수 없이 사라지는 문화재도 있다. 불에 타 한 줌의 재로 변한 양양의 낙산사가 그 대표적인 예다. 낙산사는 8년 7개월의 복원 작업을 거쳐 되살아났다. 그래도 '낙산사'하면 '불'이 먼저 떠오르는 것은 천년고찰의 화재가 우리에게 상처로 남아 있기 때문이 아닐까. 한편 어렵게 발굴했지만 이미 때를 놓쳐 위기에 처한 소중한 문화재도 있다. 2009년에 발굴된 전북 익산시 미륵사지 석탑의 사리장엄구(사리를 봉안하는 일체의 장치)에 들어 있던 유리병은, 오랜 세월 공기 속의 수분이 풍화작용을 일으켜 두께가 얇아진 데다 0.04mm라는 수백 개의 미세한 조각으로 부서져 복원이 어려운 상태이다. 워낙 두께가 얇아진 탓에 살짝만 압력을 받아도 부서지기 쉬워 접합 자체가 불가능하다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.427-434
• /
• 2006

The stone pagoda on the Miruksa temple site has a high value as architectural history, because this stone pagoda is one of the oldest and grandest stone pagodas which remain in Korea today. However, this stone pagoda has remained only six stones of the northeastern part, becased this stone pagoda was collapsed at past. Therefore, it is important to know the original structure and form of this stone pagoda. Hypotheses about collapse cause of this stone pagoda are presented as four cases: collapse by earthquake, collapse by fragility of ground, collapse by durability reduction, and collapse by lightning, On the basis of these four collapse hypotheses in this study, we investigate collapse phenomenon through the structural analysis using discrete element method and evaluate collapse causes of this stone pagoda.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2014

The stone pagoda of Mireuk temple site is currently restoring through the repairing process. This stone pagoda has the various construction types in the inner and outer space. Therefore, the stress concentration and structural behavior need to be considered through the analysis of various construction patterns. To this end, this study presents the structural modelling and analysis considering the discrete element analysis technique to solve the discontinuum behavior between the stone elements. Also, this study performs the structural performance evaluation through the various design variables for the safety of stone pagoda. Through the analysis results, we can find out the small stress concentration in the several members. But, because the stresses and displacements are relatively small, we can secure the safety of the whole structure.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.5-18
• /
• 2006

The Mireuksaji stone pagoda of the Iksan was built in Muwang King of Baekjae Kingdom and has maintained its present status through several rebuilding process. Recently, the structural unbalance of the pagoda has worsened, so for scientific maintenance recovery of its original pagoda form, the pagoda is under dismantling process. The original form of this pagoda is being presumed to be a plane square pagoda of nine stories, though only a portion of six stories remains until today. The destroyed part from collapse was liked in insecure pagoda form by Japanese in year of 1915. On the surface of the stone which has gone through the present time, efflorescence appeared as precipitation substance over crusted and due to this phenomenon, the structure and color of thee original stone haven't been preserved. Therefore, quantitative analysis on its kind, emitted status and contamination type of secondary inorganic contamination substance of the over crusted surface were analyzed. Also through reaction experiments, contamination type was defined and tests have been applied to find the requirements that will wash out the contaminants. The result of this study will provide the base of quantitative analysis on the kind of inorganic contamination of the surface of stone assets, and it shall also contribute to the application of scientific maintenance recovery of surface cleaner for efflorescence.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.38-53
• /
• 2012

This paper investigated the construction year of 'Jeongnimsa(定林寺)temple in Buyeo(扶餘) through the recent archaeological records. First, the composition of land for the construction of temple was linked with Gwanbukri(官北里) sites which is estimated as palace. The composition of land for the palace was formed at late 6th century. Second, the several furnace sites was discovered under the foundation soil layers for the construction of temple. Reference to the pottery excavated from the previous surface indicates that the workshops having been operated a period of time after the transfer of the capital to Sabi(泗?). These workshops having been operated before the construction of roof-tile buildings which were followed by the large-scale composition of land for the palace at Gwanbukri sites adjacent to the north of 'Jeongnimsa. The pottery, roof-tiles and chinese porcelain which were included in the earth laid on the ground for the construction of temple also indicates that the construction year of temple do not go up to shortly after the transfer of the capital to Sabi. This is related with that wooden pagoda would have been present before stone pagoda and the foundation of the wooden pagoda would have soared into the ground. Last, the building layout of temple is familiar to Iksan(益山) Mireuksa(彌勒寺址) temple site than the temples of Buyeo such as Wangheungsa(王興寺址) temple site. This imply that Jeongnimsa temple was not constructed shortly after the transfer of the capital to Sabi like the opinion of the existing. Jeongnimsa temple was probably constructed at late 6th century when composition of the Sabi city was actively made.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• s.24
• /
• pp.81-98
• /
• 2003

The biodeterioration on Iksan Mireuksaji pagoda has been studied with fucus on application of K201 as a chemical treatment. Total of 39species, including 10 algae, 16 lichens, 6 mosses and 7 unidentified bacteria and fungi, were collected and identified on the surface of the pagoda. Most of them caused serious discoloration on the surface. The effectiveness and stability of K201 was examined by applying it on some part of the pagoda. A mild spraying of solution diluted to half of original reagent was good enough to eliminate all the deteriorating species on the surface. Most of discoloration disappeared after the treatment except the red color caused by iron substance. The effectiveness of the regent was compared with water wash. The stone was first washed with water and the dirt on the surface was scrubbed off from the surface. The initial surface of the stone was clearer in water wash. However, many of the deteriorating species reappear in 4 weeks after water wash. Although spraying of the reagent K201 could noteliminate all the remnant of dead organisms as good as scrubbing the surface, no deteriorating algae or lichen was observed until two month after treatment. Therefore, spraying method with chemicals seems more stable and reliable way to remove the biodeterioration than physical scrubbing of the surface.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2019

In this study, flexural tests of granite reinforced with titanium metal rods were carried out to repair and restore the damaged stone-made cultural heritage, the Stone Pagoda of the Mireuksa Temple Site. A total of twelve specimens were tested. The primary test parameters are the reinforcement ratio and the location of the reinforcement. For restoration, epoxy resin was used for joining the separated stones, and titanium metal rods were used for structural reinforcement. Test results showed that the flexural failure took place in specimens with a reinforcement ratio of 0.8% or less, and shear failure occurred when the reinforcement ratio was 1.68% or more. The peak load of the reinforced stone was found to be highly related to the reinforcement ratio. The peak load increased with increasing the reinforcement ratio. Also, the flexural behaviors of the reinforced stones were affected by the location of the reinforcement. Based on the test results, this study recommends the reinforcement ratio of the reinforced granite to induce ductile behavior.