• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.183-204
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• 2014

US 911 incidents have changed all aviation security system in the world. Especially the US changed all existing system into new one. One of the most fundamental changes is aviation security acts, regulation and several programmes. Based on the new aviation security act enacted in 2001, several code of federal regulations have been amended to strengthen US aviation security system. These regulation also enable new aviation security programmes including several airline and airport security related programmes, K-9 programme, BDO programme and air marshall programmed. All the programmes enables US aviation security improvements. Also the creating of TSA based on the aviation and transportation security act has provided the enhancement of aviation security in US. The purpose of this thesis is studying the change of aviation security system in the US especiatly in terms of aviation security legislation perfective and comparing the system with Korean aviation security legal system and provides possible solution to enhance Korean aviation security legislation and structure.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

U.S contains the best technology, man power, and big investment in space. It considers space as not only a science and technology related area, but also as an industry and national security related area. Korea's space policy focuses on the development of space systems such as satellites and launch vehicles. Space policy systems of the two countries are also different, causing some discrepancy in mutual interest when we talk about cooperation with the U.S. This study introduced U.S space policy framework and compared it with Korea's policy. It is meaningful in that we can find an effective way of cooperation between two countries.

• The Journal of Aerospace Industry
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• s.66
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• pp.17-44
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• 2003

항공기의 이륙단념(Rejected Takeoff) 사고는 흔히 발생하지는 않지만, 발생하면 큰 사고로 이어지는 경우가 대부분이다. 제트기에 의한 운송서비스가 본격적으로 시작된 1959년부터 2000년 까지의 이륙단념 사고사례를 조사해 본 결과 총 94건이 발생했다. 사고사례 모두가 활주로 이탈로 이어졌고, 그 주요 원인은 이륙결심 속도를 넘어서 조작을 시작했기 때문이라고 미국교통안전위원회(NTSB)에서 발표하였다. 이런 결과는 미국 항공우주국(NASA)의 준사고보고제도(ASRS)에서 조사한 자료에도 비슷한 결과가 나온 바 있다. 따라서 항공기 운항의 기준이 되는 항공기 비행규정(Airplane Flight Manual)을 만들 때 적용하는 미국연방항공법(FAR)상의 이륙단념 전환시간이 국내 현장조종사에서도 적합한 지에 관해 연구하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.621-628
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• 2023

This study derived a reverse engineering procedure for verifying the design identity of original parts and developed parts for PMA(Parts Manufacturer Approval) and STC(Supplemental Type Certificate) of metal brake pads for transport aircraft, which are critical parts among aircraft parts and equipment. In Korea, the regulations for reverse engineering procedures are regulated by the Parts Manufacturer Approval Guidelines, and in the United States, AC No. 21. 303-4. In the reverse engineering for the brake pad, the detailed procedures for each component were determined by selecting verification test items to confirm identity based on sample quantity, dimensional tolerance, mechanical property measurement, material, weight and volume characteristics for each component. In addition, as a result of analyzing the regulation of Korea and United States, in the case of Korea, it is necessary to establish technical standards for braking systems for transport aircraft and regulations related to flight tests.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.17
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• pp.91-110
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• 2003

Aeronautical Information Service means a service established within the defined area of coverage responsible for the provision of aeronautical information/data necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation. Especially, in consequence of RNAV envelopment, the role and importance of aeronautical information/data has been increased constantly, therefore advanced RNP and navigation systems has been highly required simultaneously. International Civil Aviation Organization establishes SARPs to maintain aviation safety for every contracting states. Therefore, every contracting states should make an application of the aviation information and data in accordance with ICAO's SARPs, but each state is actually applied with each other regulations considered with each state's circumstance. At the result of these reason, it sometimes makes confuse to aircraft operator and effects significant aviation safety. The purpose of this study is to investigate SARPs of Annexes and rules of FAA relevant to Aeronautical Information Service(AIS), to compare them with Korean Aviation law and regulations related to AIS and then, to provide information for planing and decision-making to enhance them into the international standards.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.169-195
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• 2020

With the increase in air transportation, air delays are inevitable, and the damage of air consumers is also increasing. In Korea, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport announced 「the Criteria for Protection of Users of Air Transportation」, but the Criteria does not include aviation delays except Tarmac delay, but this criteria is a only public notice, not an Act. Lately, a clause about Tarmac delay was newly established as Article 61bis of the Aviation Business Act, and was enacted from May 27, 2020. The Air carriers' Tarmac delay are subject to mandatory regulations. This research showed how lawsuits were implemented for the protection of aviation consumers related to aviation delays prior to the imposition of this article. In addition, the study examined at the public law level, whether the protection rights of aviation consumers is the fundamental right under the Constitution and whether the government should be the main subjects of consumer protection. And then we studied the effect of enforcement about the Tarmac Delay Rule of the United States. This rule acts as a federal regulation. Subsequently, the Biscone case presented that it was not easy for the US court to accept a lawsuit against the passengers for tarmac delay. There are limitations in remedying the damages of airline consumers due to delays either in Korea trial or the U.S. trial. Finally it needs strengthening the penalty to secure the effectiveness of the Tarmac delay clause regulations. In order to protect airline consumers, it was proposed that the protection of aviation consumer law should be established through the revision as the Enforcement Rules of the Airline Business Act.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.63-96
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• 2013

Recently, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) expanded the "Enhancing Airline Passenger Protections" on August 23, 2011 and October 24, 2011. The Rule regulates tarmac delays, denied boarding compensation, customer service plans, and fare advertising. The adopted rule is to protect passengers by improving passenger service requirements on U.S. national or domestic carriers and foreign air carriers as well. The major issues are as follows: First, regarding to so called Tarmac Delay, carriers must establish a Tarmac Delay Contingency Plan setting forth the number of hours the carrier will permit an aircraft to remain on the tarmac at U.S. airports before allowing passengers to deplane. Carriers also must provide passengers with food and water in the event the aircraft remains on the tarmac for two or more hours and must provide operable lavatories and medical attention while the aircraft remains on the tarmac, irrespective of the length of the delay. Carriers also must create and retain records regarding tarmac delays lasting more than three hours. Also they need to update passengers every 30 minutes during a tarmac delay of the status of the flight and the reason for the delay, allow passengers to deplane if the aircraft is at the gate or another disembarkation area with the door open. Second, carriers now must adopt a "Customer Service Plan" that addresses offering customers the lowest fares available, notifying customers about delays, cancellations, and diversions; timely delivery of baggage; accommodating passengers' needs during tarmac delays and in "bumping cases"; and ensuring quality customer service. Third, the new regulations also increase minimum denied boarding compensation limits to $650 / $1,300 or 200% / 400% of the fare, whichever is less. Last, the DOT also has modified its policies related to enforcement of Rules pertaining to full fare advertising. The Rule states that the advertised price for air transportation must be the entire price to be paid by the customer. Similarly, Korea revised the passenger protection clauses within Aviation Act. However, it seems to be required to include various more issues such as Tarmac Delay, oversales of air tickets, involuntary denied boarding passengers, advertisements, etc.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.225-285
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• 2017

In regard to the regulations related to the RPA(Remotely Piloted Aircraft), which is sometimes called in other countries as UA(Unmanned Aircraft), ICAO stipulates the regulations in the 'RPAS manual (2015)' in detail based on the 'Chicago Convention' in 1944, and enacts provisions for the Rules of UAS or RPAS. Other contries stipulates them such as the Federal Airline Rules (14 CFR), Public Law (112-95) in the United States, the Air Transport Act, Air Transport Order, Air Transport Authorization Order (through revision in "Regulations to operating Rules on unmanned aerial System") based on EASA Regulation (EC) No.216/2008 in the case of unmanned aircaft under 150kg in Germany, and Civil Aviation Act (CAA 1998), Civil Aviation Act 101 (CASR Part 101) in Australia. Commonly, these laws exclude the model aircraft for leisure purpose and require pilots on the ground, not onboard aricraft, capable of controlling RPA. The laws also require that all managements necessary to operate RPA and pilots safely and efficiently under the structure of the unmanned aircraft system within the scope of the regulations. Each country classifies the RPA as an aircraft less than 25kg. Australia and Germany further break down the RPA at a lower weight. ICAO stipulates all general aviation operations, including commercial operation, in accordance with Annex 6 of the Chicago Convention, and it also applies to RPAs operations. However, passenger transportation using RPAs is excluded. If the operational scope of the RPAs includes the airspace of another country, the special permission of the relevant country shall be required 7 days before the flight date with detail flight plan submitted. In accordance with Federal Aviation Regulation 107 in the United States, a small non-leisure RPA may be operated within line-of-sight of a responsible navigator or observer during the day in the speed range up to 161 km/hr (87 knots) and to the height up to 122 m (400 ft) from surface or water. RPA must yield flight path to other aircraft, and is prohibited to load dangerous materials or to operate more than two RPAs at the same time. In Germany, the regulations on UAS except for leisure and sports provide duty to avoidance of airborne collisions and other provisions related to ground safety and individual privacy. Although commercial UAS of 5 kg or less can be freely operated without approval by relaxing the existing regulatory requirements, all the UAS regardless of the weight must be operated below an altitude of 100 meters with continuous monitoring and pilot control. Australia was the first country to regulate unmanned aircraft in 2001, and its regulations have impacts on the unmanned aircraft laws of ICAO, FAA, and EASA. In order to improve the utiliity of unmanned aircraft which is considered to be low risk, the regulation conditions were relaxed through the revision in 2016 by adding the concept "Excluded RPA". In the case of excluded RPA, it can be operated without special permission even for commercial purpose. Furthermore, disscussions on a new standard manual is being conducted for further flexibility of the current regulations.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

The flaw tolerance evaluation requirement prescribed in Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) §29.571 Amendment 55 was established in 2012. As a result, there are not many datas of flaw tolerance evaluation. This paper introduces the series of processes and evaluation methods carried out for certification based on the flaw tolerance evaluation. An initial flaws were artificially formed on the main rotor actuator and then the damage tolerance test was performed, which was twice life time of design requirements, to demonstrate that the main rotor actuator of the rotorcraft is sufficiently capable of flaw tolerance.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2023

A main purpose of this research was to analyze environmental factors to influence helicopter accidents contrary to the fact that the almost 80% of helicopter accidents happened due to pilots' human errors. There have been about 14 helicopter accidents in civil aviation sector last decade. It is noteworthy that nine of 14 accidents happened during the external sling load operation. Moreover, there is no law or regulation which could cover the helicopter external sling load operation or human external cargo in Korea. In this paper, it was analyzed the training and education regulations regarding helicopter external sling load operation or human external cargo in regulations of FAA and EASA, Based on analyzing and comparing the FAR part 133 and domestic aviation law (aviation safety act and flight safety regulations), it was found out the implication how to apply helicopter type rating for external sling load operation and human external cargo operation. To sum up, this paper expect central government should cooperate and amend aviation law which apply external sling load operation and external cargo to establish sound safety culture in Korea.