• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.500-504
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• 2004

This study was designed to investigate the possible utilization of Zanthoxylum schinifolium as a source of decontamination agents. The antimicrobial effect of Zanthoxylum schinifolium extract was investigated against Vibrio parahaemolyticus which is food-born disease organism. Ethanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium was compared with water extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium to test antimicrobial activities against Vibrio parahaemolyticus by disk method. Ethanol extract was more effective than water ,extract on the antimicrobial activities. It had remarkable antimicrobial activities against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It was very stable on the wide range of temperature and pH. It turned out by GC-MS that estragole (4-allyl anisole) was a major antimicrobial component of Zanthoxylum schinifolium extract. These results indicated that Zanthoxylum schinifolium extract could protect against bacterial contamination and inhibit a growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

In recent years, packed column has been widely used in separation processes, such as absorption, desorption, distillation, and extraction, in the petrochemical, fine chemistry, and environmental industries. Packed column is used as a contacting facility for gas-liquid and liquid-liquid systems filled with random packed materials in the column. Packed column has various advantages such as low pressure drop, economical efficiency, thermally sensitive liquids, easy repairing restoration, and noxious gas treatment. The performance of a packed column is highly dependent on the maintenance of good gas and liquid distribution throughout a packed bed; thus, this is an important consideration in a design of packed column. In this study, hydraulic pressure drop, hold-up as a function of liquid load, and mass transfer in the air, air/water, and air-NH₃/water systems were studied to find the geometrical characteristic for raschig super-ring experiment dry pressure drop. Based on the results, design factors and operating conditions to handle noxious gases were obtained. The dry pressure drop of the random packing raschig super-ring was linearly increased as a function of gas capacity factor with various liquid loads in the Air/Water system. This result is lower than that of 35 mm Pall-ring, which is most commonly used in the industrial field. Also, it can be found that the hydraulic pressure drop of raschig super-ring is consistently increased by gas capacity factor with various liquid loads. When gas capacity factor with various liquid loads is increased from 1.855 to 2.323 kg^-1/2 m^-1/2 S^-1, hydraulic pressure drop increases around 17%. Finally, the liquid hold-up related to packing volume, which is a parameter of specific liquid load depending on gas capacity factor, shows consistent increase by around 3.84 kg^-1/2 m^-1/2 S^-1 of the gas capacity factor. However, liquid hold-up significantly increases above it.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.3 s.55
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• pp.225-231
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• 2009

This study introduces the CFTA girder(Concrete-Filled and Tied Steel Tubular Arch Girder) which is a combined structural system of traditional CFT, arch, and prestress structures. Static load tests and structural behavior analyses were carried out for a 25m long CFTA girder. In the analysis, each load of 58kN, 88kN, 148kN, 207kN,and 298kN was applied incrementally at the positions of 1.0 m distances in both directions from the center of the girder. On each test, strain and displacement were measured. Linear static FEM analyses using Strand7 code were also performed to check the structural stability and to investigate the effects of prestressing(${\pm}$20%) and material property(Young's modulus) on the displacement and strain. The results of this study are summarized as follows: the initial strain & displacement under selfweight and prestressing were influenced with the variation of prestressing, but they were mainly effected only by Young's modulus when additional loads were applied.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 2005

Cellulose insulation is primarily manufactured from recycled newsprint and treated with fire retardants for the fire resistance. Thanks to the fire retardants, it is not combustible and flammable. In addition to that, Its thermal resistance is much better than that of fiberglass or rock wool. It is made from waste paper and easily decayed when it is demolished, and it has small embodied energy. So it is very environment-friendly building material. For broader use of cellulose insulation in buildings in Korea, it is necessary to test its physical performance to compare the results with the requirements on the Korean Building Code. To this end, apparent thermal conductivity (ka) measurements of Korean-made loose-fill cellulose insulations were recently completed using equipment that was built and operated in accordance with ASTM C 518 and the fire resistance was tested in accordance with ASTM C 1485. Korean loose-fill cellulose has thermal conductivity about 5% greater than the corresponding U.S. product at the same density. This is likely due to differences in the recycled material being used. Both spray-applied and loose-fill cellulose insulation lose about 1.5% of their thermal resistivity for $5.5^{\circ}C$ increase in temperature. The fire resistance of cellulose insulation is increased in linear proportion to the increase of the rate of fire retardant. Thanks to the high fire resistance, cellulose insulation can be used as a substitution of Styrofoam or Urethane foam which is combustible. The thermal conductivity of cellulose insulation was $0.037-0.043W/m{\cdot}K$ at the mean specimen temperature from $4-43^{\circ}C$. It corresponds to the thermal resistance of "Na Grade" according to the Korean Building Code. The effect of chemical content on thermal conductivity was negligible for all but the chemical-free specimen which had the highest value for the thermal conductivity over the temperature range tested. The thermal resistance of cellulose insulation is better than that of fiberglass or rock wool, and its fire resistance is higher than that of Styrofoam or Urethane foam. Therefore it can be substituted for those above considering its physical performance. Cellulose insulation is no more expensive than Styrofoam or rock wool, so it is recommended to use it more widely in Korea.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2010

그라우팅은 지반의 공학적인 강도증가를 통한 지지력 향상 및 암반의 투수성 저감을 통해 지하수 유동을 억제하기 위하여 대규모 토목공사 현장의 균열암반 및 댐 또는 제방 등의 지역에서 많이 시행되고 있다. 본 연구는 균열암반지역에서 그라우팅 효과 확인을 위하여 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트(OPC)와 마이크로 시멘트(MC)를 사용하여 그라우팅을 수행하였으며, 그라우팅 전후에 물리검층(시추공영상촬영, 초음파 텔레뷰어검층)을 이용하여 그라우팅 효과 정도를 파악하였다. 연구지역은 경상북도 영주시 평은면 지역으로, 지질은 선캠브리아기 안구상편마암에 시대미상의 흑운모 화강암이 관입을 하였고, 이를 제4기의 충적층이 부정합으로 피복되어 있다. 그라우팅은 일반구간과 단층대구간으로 구분하여 실시하였으며, 두 구간의 이격거리는 서로의 간섭을 피하기 위해 약 40m 간격으로 선정하였다. 주입재(OPC, MC)는 5개의 주입공에서 triangle 방향으로 주입하였으며, 주입정도를 확인하기 위하여 각 구간에 2공씩 확인시추를 하였다. 두 개의 site중 일반구간의 보통 포틀랜드시멘트 주입결과 평균주입량은 48.2kg/공이며 주입 1m당으로 환산하면 Lugeon값 10미만의 지층에서는 1.62kg/m이며, 마이크로시멘트의 평균주입량은 49.6kg/공이며 주입 1m당으로 환산하면 Lugeon값 10미만의 지층에서는 3.86kg/m로 나타났다. 단층대 구간에서는 보통 포틀랜드시멘트의 평균주입량이 40.0kg/공이며, 1m당으로 환산하면 Lugeon값 10미만의 지층에서는 2.75kg/m이며, 마이크로 시멘트는 평균주입량이 56.5kg/공, 주입 1m당으로 환산하면 Lugeon값 10미만의 지층에서는 3.15kg/m로 나타났다. 마이크로시멘트의 주입압은 보통 포틀랜드시멘트에 비해 상대적으로 낮았으며, 그라우팅 개선효과 역시 상대적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 그라우팅 효과확인을 위한 물리검층의 초음파텔레뷰어 해석결과 상대암반강도는 주입전 $250{\sim}750\;kgf/cm^2$, 주입후는 $400{\sim}800\;kgf/cm^2$으로 그라우팅에 의한 암반강도의 상승을 확인할 수 있었고, 시추공영상촬영 분석에서는 시추코어만으로 얻기 힘든 시멘트 충진구간을 직접 확인할 수 있었다. 초음파텔레뷰어의 경우 파쇄대의 분포 및 암반강도 측정을 통한 그라우팅 파악은 가능하였으나 파쇄대 충진물을 확인할 수가 없는 단점이 있었고 이를 시추공영상촬영을 통해 보완할 수 있었다. 다만 물리검층의 경우 그라우팅에 의한 공의 손실로 동일공에 의한 반복 조사가 아닌 경우가 대부분이어서 그라우팅 효과에 대한 정확한 비교가 어려웠으며 추후 이를 보완하기 위한 계속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

A pilot-scale model test was performed to estimate the availability of new material, Fe-loaded zeolite, as the filling material in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) against the contaminated groundwater with both Cd and Cr(VI). Aquifer was simulated by filling up a large scale soil tank with sands, and mobilizing the water flow by the head difference of water level in both ends of the tank. Then, the mixture of concentrated Cd and Cr(VI) solution was injected into the aquifer to form a contaminant plume, and its behavior through Fe-loaded zeolite barrier was monitored. The test results showed that Fe-loaded zeolite barrier successfully treated the contaminant plume containing both Cd and Cr(VI) and that the immobilized contaminants in the barrier were not desorbed or released. The results indicated that the Fe-loaded zeolite could be a promising material in PRBs against the multiple contaminants with different ionic forms like Cr(VI) and Cd.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2003

Polyurethane waterproof (PW) coatings are increasingly demanded in Korea for repairing cracks on old building roofs and construction of many sporting facilities. Calcium carbonate, a common filler, is incorporated in PW compositions. In this study, PW coatings were prepared by substituting a part of calcium carbonate with fly ash. The maximum amounts of calcium carbonate which can be substituted by fly ash obtained in the cyclone and bag filter dust collectors were 20 and 10%, respectively. It was found that the curing rate of PWs ran be controlled by varying the amount of Pb-octoate catalyst. The elongations at break as well as tensile strength and tear strength of PW coatings containing fly ash could also be adjusted such that their values were comparable to those of a standard PW coating by varying relative amounts of some components. However, the amount of cadmium, mercury, and lead leached from PW coatings containing fly ash obtained from the bag filter collector exceeded the respective allowed upper limits, mainly due to the initial high contents of them in the fly ash. On the other hand, PW coatings containing fly ash obtained from the cyclone collector exhibited better mechanical properties and did not release any significant amounts of the heavy metals. Thus, it was concluded that PW coatings containing fly ash can be utilized for practical applications as long as an appropriate fly ash is used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.291-291
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• 2009

한국원자력연구원의 파이로 실험 시설인 ACPF (ACP Facility)에는 공학규모 전해환원 반응기가 설치되어 공정 대용량화를 위한 연구가 수행되고 있다 본 연구에서는 전해환원 공정의 Scale-up을 위해 기존 반응기를 개선하여 전해환원 실험을 수행한 결과를 담고 있다. 장치의 대형화 빛 원격운전성 향상을 위해 기존의 전해환원 반응기의 상부 플랜지는 보다 간단하게 정리되었으며 염 이송에 의한 고온 조건 노출 시간을 줄임과 동시에 염 재사용을 목적으로 상부 플랜지는 이중으로 설계되었다. 따라서, 반응 종료후 전극이 설치된 상부 플랜지를 들어 올림으로서 반응기를 불활성 분위기로 유지하는 동시에 전해환원 금속전환체를 회수 할 수 있도록 반응기가 제작되었다. 또한, 새로운 반응기는 용융염 내의 강제 유동을 위해 아르곤 버블링이 가능하도록 설계 제작되었다. 새로 제작 설치된 전해환원 반응기를 사용하여 산화물 분말을 혼합하여 준비한 모의 사용후핵연료를 사용하여 전해환원 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 산화물이 충진된 음극의 전영역에서 고루 96% 이상의 높은 금속전환율을 얻었으며 시간에 따라 선택된 FP들의 용융염 내 거동을 측정하였다. 실리더 형태의 음극에서 Cs, Sr 등의 원소들이 용융염으로 시간에 따라 용출되는 것을 확인하였으며 동시에 반응기 재질인 Fe 등도 일부 용융염에서 검출되었다. 아르곤 버블링에 의한 강제 유동은 전압 및 전류 거동에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 염의 휘발량을 증가시켜 영조성올 변화시키는 것으로 측정되었다. ACPF의 전해환원 실험결과를 바탕으로 반응기를 상부 기체상과 하부 액체상으로 나누어 전산모사를 수행하였다 상부 기체상은 유입되는 아르곤 기체와 발생되는 산소기체의 흐름을 모사하는 결과를 얻었으며 온도 및 산소의 분압을 계산하였다. 하부 액체상에서는 전기장을 모사하여 전류 밀도 등을 3차원으로 모사하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2011

Billions of barrels of briny produced water are generated in the United States every year during oil and gas production. The first step toward recovering or reusing this water is to remove the hazardous organics dissolved in the briny produced water. Biological degradation of hazardous volatile compound could be possible regardless of salinity if they were extracted from briny water. In the current work, the effectiveness of a vapor phase biofilter to degrade the gas-phase contaminants (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, BTEX) extracted from briny produced water was evaluated. The performance of biofilter system responded well to short periods when the BTEX feed to the biofilter was discontinued. To challenge the system further, the biofilter was subjected to periodic spikes in inlet BTEX concentration as would be expected when it is coupled to a Surfactant-Modified Zeolite (SMZ) bed. Results of these experiments indicate that although the BTEX removal efficiency declined under these conditions, it stabilized at 75% overall removal even when the biofilter was provided with BTEX-contaminated air only 8 hours out of every 24 hours. Benzene removal was found to be the most sensitive to time varying loading conditions. A passive, granular activated carbon bed was effective at attenuating and normalizing the peak BTEX loadings during SMZ regeneration over a range of VOC loads. Field testing of a SMZ bed coupled with an activated carbon buffering/biofilter column verified that this system could be used to remove and ultimately biodegrade the dissolved BTEX constituents in briny produced water.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the causes of the unusually high number of rock slope failures during an expressway construction in Yangsan fault system. The shear strength (cohesion and internal friction angle) of 128 slopes of discontinuities including bedding, joint, and fault planes were re-evaluated through the examination of face mapping and back analysis. The re-evaluated values were analyzed and then compared with the existing data and values used in the design. As a result, the re-evaluated cohesion and friction angles were very low compared to the existing data and the values applied in the design. This incongruity was pointed as the primary reason for the rock slopes failures during the construction. This may be related to the inherent features of clastic sedimentary rocks in the study area, and the discontinuities in the sedimentary rocks in this region played a significant role. Especially, bedding discontinuity showed a big difference compared to the existing data. The shear strength depended on the type of discontinuity in case of clay filled in discontinuity. However, shear strength was independent on the type of discontinuity in case of shattered materials filled in discontinuity.