• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2012

In this paper an experimental study is presented to investigate the effect of a step edge and a stationary droplet on the dynamic behavior of impacting droplet on a wall. The main parameters are the distance from the edge and the center-to-center distance between two droplets. Photographic images are presented to show coalescence dynamics, shape evolution and contact line movement. The emphasis is on presenting the spreading length of droplet for the step edge and two coalescing droplets along their original centers. It is clarified that the droplet exhibits much different dynamic behavior depending on the location of the step edge. The momentum of impacting droplet was better transferred to the stationary droplet as the center- to-center distance between two droplets was reduced, which results in more spreading of coalescing droplet.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.10
• /
• pp.862-871
• /
• 2012

The numerical simulations on 500-N class rocket engine using 96% hydrogen peroxide and kerosene have been conducted, considering atomization, evaporation, mixing and combustion of its propellants. The grid containing 1/6 part of combustion chamber has been generated and it is assumed that 3 kinds of liquid-phase propellants (kerosene, hydrogen peroxide and water) were injected as hollow cone spray pattern, using Rosin-Rammler function for distribution of droplet diameter. For the calculation of combustion the eddy-dissipation model was applied. Owing to small size of combustion chamber and large specific heat / latent heat of hydrogen peroxide and water the propulsion characteristics were highly influenced by the size of droplet particles, and in this analysis the engine with droplet particles of 30 micron in average has shown the best propulsion performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.9 no.6 s.37
• /
• pp.625-629
• /
• 2006

This paper describes the effect of the droplet breakup process on fire suppression using a water-mist system, which is considered as a alternative to sprinkler fire suppression system. In the evolution of the water-mist, the droplet breakup process is an important phenomenon because it may significantly affect the droplet evaporation rate. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS, Ver. 4.0) code, which is widely used for the simulation of fire dynamics, is used for the present simulation, and it is modified to consider the droplet breakup phenomena. The Prediction by the modified code shows good agreement with experimental data for the temperature. The original FDS predicts higher temperature about $30^{\circ}C$ than experimental data. From the results, it is concluded that the droplet breakup phenomena must be considered for more precise simulation of fire suppression process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.559-564
• /
• 2009

The variation in the shape of water droplet moving on atomistically smooth solid surface in the presence of a constant body force is simulated using molecular dynamics simulation. We investigated how the advancing and receding contact angle of the moving water droplet changes on a solid surface having various characteristic energies. From the MD simulation results, we obtained the density profile defined as the number of water molecules at a given position. Then, assuming the water droplet periphery to be a circle, we calculated the contact angles by using a nonlinear fitting of the half-density contour line. The present simulation clearly shows the different profile of the advancing and receding contact angle for these three different interaction potential between the water droplet and the solid surface.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2017

When the ambient air pressure was $0.1kg/cm^2$, there were few spherically formed droplets, which showed very badly fragmented state. The average particle size of the particles constituting the droplet was about 40 nm. When the air pressure increased to $0.5kg/cm^2$, the ratio of the spherical droplet forms increased, but still showed a state of severe disruption. The average particle size of the particles was reduced to about 35 nm. As the air pressure increased to $3kg/cm^2$, the ratio of spherical droplet form significantly increased, the degree of fragmentation even further decreased and the average particle size decreased to 30 nm. When the air pressure increased from 0.1 to $1kg/cm^2$, the XRD peak intensity showed little change, but the specific surface area was decreased. As the air pressure increased to $3kg/cm^2$, the intensity of XRD peaks showed a little decrease, while the specific surface area increased.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2016

The present study was intended to prepare cobalt oxide ($Co_3O_4$) powder of average particle size 50 nm or less by spray pyrolysis reaction using the raw cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) solution, in order to identify the change in the nature of the particles according to the change in the nozzle tip size. When the nozzle tip was 1 mm, it turned out that most of the droplets were spherical and the surface showed very tight structure. The average particle size of the finally formed particles was 20-30 nm. When the nozzle tip size was 2 mm, some of the droplets formed were spherical, but a considerable part of them showed severely disrupted form. particles formed showed an average particle size of 30 - 40 nm. For the nozzle tip size of 5 mm, spherical droplets were almost non-existent and most were in badly fragmented state. The tightness of surface structure of the droplets has greatly been reduced compared with other nozzle tip sizes. Average size of the formed particles was about 25 nm. As the nozzle tip size increased from 1 mm to 2 mm and 3 mm, the intensities of the XRD peaks have changed little, but significantly been reduced when the nozzle tip size increased to 5mm. As the nozzle tip size increased from 1 mm to 2 mm, the specific surface area of the particles decreased, but the nozzle tip size increased to 5mm, the specific surface area remarkably increased.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.1021-1026
• /
• 2012

The transient mass transfer in a single droplet system consisting of 1-octanol (continuous phase)/aqueous succinic acid solution (dispersed phase) was investigated in the presence of chemical reaction, which is acid/anion exchange reaction of succinic acid and tri-n-octylamine (TOA). This succinic acid extraction by TOA can be considered to occur at the interface between organic and aqueous phase, that is, heterogeneous reaction system. The basic properties of the system such as viscosity, density, distribution coefficient, terminal velocity of droplet, and diffusion coefficient were measured experimentally or calculated theoretically, and used for theoretical calculation of characteristic parameters of mass transfer later. The effects of succinic acid concentration on the terminal velocity was negligible in the existence of TOA, although the terminal velocity increases with succinic acid concentration in the absence of TOA. On the contrary, the terminal velocity decreases with TOA concentration. While droplets falls through organic phase, the trajectory of droplets is observed to oscillate around its vertical path. A mass trnasfer cell was prepared to monitor the mass transfer behavior in a single droplet and used to measure the mean concentration of succinic acid inside droplet. The results are expressed with dimensionless parameters. Under 50 g/L succinic acid condition, the system with 0.1 mol/kg TOA showed that the molar flux decreases in proportion to the decrease of concentration gradient, while in the case of 0.5 mol/kg TOA Sh increases rapidly with time indicating the molar flux of succinic acid decreases relatively slowly compared to the decrease in concentration gradient.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.3 s.59
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2005

An experimental study is presented for extinguishing characteristics of liquid fuel fire by water mist containing sodium acetate trihydrate. To evaluate the extinguishing performance of water mist containing an additive, the evaporation characteristics of a water droplet on a heated surface was examined. The evaporation process was recorded by a charge-coupled-device camera. Also, small-scale extinguishing tests were conducted for n-heptane pool fire in ventilated space to measure flame temperature variation. The average evaporation rate of a water droplet containing an additive was lower than that of a pure water droplet at a given surface temperature due to the precipitation of salt in the liquid-film and change of surface tension. In case of using an additive, the flame temperature was lower than that of pure water at a given discharge pressure and it was because the momentum of a water droplet containing an additive was increased reducing flame size. And also dissociated metal atoms, sodium, were reacted as a scavenger of the major radical species OH^-,\;H^+$ which were generated for combustion process. Moreover, at a high pressure of 4MPa, the fire was extinguished through blowing effect as well as primary extinguishing mechanisms.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2016

In this paper, the hydrophobic rough surfaces were prepared by employing a conventional nano-imprint lithography technique, and the effects of surface parameter, ratio of the top surface to the flat unit cell, on the impingement behaviors of liquid droplet were investigated to improve robustness of hydrophobic functionality. The critical height defined for the transition from rebound to fragmentation is measured by droplet impingement test in order to study dynamic behavior of an impinged droplet. It showed the critical height decreased with high surface parameter while it increased with low surface parameter. However, the critical height decreased again as surface parameter decreased further. Observed results suggest that the optimized surface pattern should be designed for the increased critical height.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.646-652
• /
• 2016

Biomass is regarded as one of the promising energy sources to deal with the depletion of fossil fuels and the global warming issue. Biocrude-oil can be produced through the fast pyrolysis of biomass feedstocks such as wood, crops, agricultural and forestry residues. It has significantly higher viscosity than that of conventional petroleum fuel and contains solid residues, which can lower the spray and atomization characteristics when applied to the burner. In addition, biocrude-oil consists of hundreds of chemical species derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and evaporation characteristics of the biocrude-oil droplet are distinct from the conventional fuels. In the present study, a numerical study was performed to investigate the evaporation characteristics of biocrude-oil droplet using a simplified composition of the model biocrude-oil which consists of acetic acid, levoglucosan, phenol, and water. The evaporation characteristics of droplets were compared at various surrounding air temperatures, initial droplet diameters, and ethanol mixing ratios. The evaporation time becomes shorter with increasing air temperature, and it is much sensitive to the air temperature particularly in low temperature ranges. It was also found that the biocrude-oil droplet evaporates faster in cases of the smaller initial droplet diameter and larger ethanol mixing ratio.