• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.458-465
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• 2011

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize substrate conditions of ribose and hydrolyzed wheat gluten solution for Maillard reaction. Independent variables were NaCl concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten ($X_1$), concentration of ribose ($X_2$) and concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten ($X_3$), while the dependent variables of the central composite design (CCD) were browning index (absorbance 420 nm), DPPH radical scavenging activity (DF) and sensory preference (score). Optimum substrate conditions at $140^{\circ}C$, 30 min reaction were 3% NaCl concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten, 6.2% concentration of ribose and 13.27% concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten. The coefficients of determination ($R^2$) were 0.975, 0.960 and 0.854, the model fit was very significant (p<0.001). DPPH radical scavenging activities and sensory preferences were predicted as 700 (DF) and 8.42 (score), respectively. The model solution increased more browning and DPPH radical scavenging activities with increasing ribose and hydrolyzed wheat gluten concentration. Especially hydrolyzed wheat gluten concentration was the most influential factor, while NaCl concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten hardly affected the responses. Sensory preference was increased with rising wheat gluten concentration and decreasing NaCl concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.649-659
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• 2011

To examine the anti-cancer effects of Lepidium virginicum L., the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of a water extract of L. virginicum leaves (WELVL) and of L. virginicum roots (WELVR) were investigated in HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. The treatment of HCT116 cells with WELVL and WELVR resulted in the inhibition of growth and morphological changes in a concentration-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. The growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by WELVR was stronger than that of WELVL thus, we determined that WELVR was the more optimal extract for this study. The increased apoptotic events in HCT116 cells caused by WELVR were associated with an up-regulation of Fas ligand, Bax, and Bad expression, a down-regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-$_XL$, and Bid expression, and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ${\Delta}{\psi}m$). WELVR treatment induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and the degradation of caspase-3 substrate proteins, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), ${\beta}$-catenin, and phospholipase C-${\gamma}1$ (PLC-${\gamma}1$). In addition, apoptotic cell death induced by WELVR was correlated with a down-regulation of inhibitors of the apoptosis protein (IAP) family, such as the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), cIAP-1, and cIAP-2. These findings suggest that the WELVR-induced inhibition of cell proliferation is associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death. WELVR may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.248-253
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• 2015

This study applied the portfolio approach as a means to provide decision-making information for the establishment of the optimal production plan for non-timber products. The target items of non-timber forest product were Chestnut, Jujube, Walnut and Astringent Persimmon. The data used in this study were the annual report of forestry production cost survey which contains the annual production, annual gross income, and annual product cost from 2008 to 2013. These data were used to calculate the expected return of non-timber forest product. The objective function in the portfolio models was to minimize the expected return volatility, called risk and the constrain was to achieve the minimum expected return rate. Results indicated that the production ratio of the nuts and fruits in 2013 was 7% for Chestnut, 20% for Jujube, 5% for Walnut and 68% for Astringent Persimmon. Furthermore, portfolio presented that the production ratio was 10% for Chestnut, 9% for Jujube, 3% for Walnut and 78% for Astringent Persimmon in the near future. The cause was analyzed due to maintain stable production and income of Astringent Persimmon and Chestnut. Meanwhile, the revenue of Walnuts and Jujube was in great variation with relatively higher revenues.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

Problems with scalp lead to hair loss, dandruff, itchiness, and other illness. No clear causes of these problems have been found and it is difficult to treat them. Therefore, the best way to prevent and treat any problems with scalp is to maintain physiological homeostasis of scalp to keep it healthy. Recently, many scalp and hair product brands have attempted to use medicinal herbs which have been extracted in hot water and mixed with other ingredients due to mass-production and standardization issues. However, many nutrients and active substances are destroyed by hot-water extraction. Therefore, this study has applied low-temperature rendering to minimize destruction of substances to extract black beans, peony, and green tea that are known to improve conditions of scalp. Then, their contribution to the improvement of scalp health was assessed. In result, it was found that low-temperature rendering retains over two times greater anti-oxidizing strengths than hot-water extraction and that the extracts from low-temperature rendering effectively strengthen follicles and hair, moisturize scalp, and prevent itchiness. Therefore, low-temperature rendered black beans, peony, and green tea extracts can be used to make effective scalp treatments.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.3 s.55
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• pp.190-197
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• 1999

In this study, the molecular mechanism of the growth inhibitory effect of panaxynol was investigated in a human malignant melanoma cell line, SK-MEL-l. In the cell cycle analysis, panaxynol arrested cell cycle progression of SK-MEL-I at the G1 phase. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that panaxynol increased $p21^{WAF1}$ and decreased cdc2 expression. Protein levels of pl6, p27, E2F-1, Rb, and p53 were not changed. Thus, the changes in expression levels of $p21^{WAF1}$ and cdc2 apparently mediate the cell cycle arrest caused by panaxynol. In addition, cycloheximide (CHX) partially reversed the growth inhibition by panaxynol, which suggested that new protein synthesis was required. On the other hand, LLnL, a proteasome inhibitor, increased antiproliferative effect of panaxynol. This may be due to stabilization of the protein(s) responsible for the growth inhibition such as $p21^{WAF1}$. In summary, these results demonstrate that panaxynol inhibits proliferation of SK-MEL-I by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and the inhibitory effect is mediated by the increased level of $p21^{WAF1}$ as well as decreased cdc2 expression.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

Many studies have been conducted to analyze factors that affect customer satisfaction, and service quality improvement in the parcel delivery industry. Most of these studies have a limited number of respondents using methods such as surveys and interviews. Therefore, this study aims to supplement the shortcomings of previous studies, by searching and analyzing the common major topics related to the complaints pointed out by consumers and suppliers in the parcel delivery service with cases of consumer counseling, and articles that reflect the complaints of workers in the industry. In addition, by analyzing the trend of these topics, we attempted to discover new topics and suggest implications. In conclusion, topics such as delay/lost/wrong deliveries as well as the fierce competition in the parcel delivery industry, turned out to be central aspects. As a result of the topic trend analysis, talks with international couriers have recently increased, and many conflicts related to apartment parcel delivery have been dealt with. The topics presented in this study are mainly focused on the contents of previous studies, but we expect that new and valuable topics can be derived by adding other data and analysis methods, such as internal counseling and academic literature.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2018

2015년 기준 우리나라의 고사리 재배면적은 3,276ha 수준으로 그중 전라북도의 고사리 재배는 재배면적 285ha이며 연간 생산량 1,985톤으로 전국 생산량의 21%를 차지하고 있어 전라북도의 산채 재배작목 중 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다. 고사리(Ferns)는 고사리 속(Pteridium spp.)에 속하는 양치식물의 총칭으로서 우리나라에는 22과 70속 272종이 분포되어 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 고사리의 어린 순에는 가식부 100g 당 칼슘 15.0mg, 칼륨 185.0mg 등이 함유되어 있으며 골다공증, 심혈관질환 등에 효과가 있고 식이섬유로 인해 변비 예방에도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 고사리 뿌리에서 추출한 전분은 중국 및 일본 등지에서 면류나 제과용으로 이용되고 있어 고사리 재배의 부가가치를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 최근 인력 의존도가 상대적으로 적은 고사리 재배면적이 늘어나고 있는 추세이나 종근의 파종량에 대한 기준이 제시되지 않아 경영비 부담이 큰 실정이다. 본 연구는 고사리 종근의 파종량을 단위면적당 맹아수 기준 40~80개/$3.3m^2$ 범위에서 표고 500m의 허브시험장 연구포장에 3월 28일 정식한 후 고사리 신초의 특성 및 뿌리 전분의 특성에 대해 고찰하였다. 고사리 신초의 출현양상은 6월 26일 이후 빠르게 증가하여 7월 하순의 고온기에 완만해지는 경향을 보였고 누적 신초수는 맹아수 80개/$3.3m^2$ 파종구에서 80.5개를 보여 파종량을 높일수록 유의하게 증가하였다. 고사리 신초의 상품기준을 포자엽이 전개되지 않은 신초로서 신초장 15~20cm 범위로 정하는 경우 출현시기별로는 9월에 상품율이 높았고 종근 파종량간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 종근 파종량에 따른 단위면적당 뿌리 생산량은 70개/$3.3m^2$ 파종구와 80개/$3.3m^2$ 파종구에서 $1498.1g/m^2$와 $1490.3g/m^2$로 유의하게 많았으나 전분 추출 수율은 8.6~12.9% 수준을 보였고 파종량간에는 차이가 없었다. 단위면적당 전분 생산량은 80개/$3.3m^2$ 파종구에서 $176.2g/m^2$로 가장 높은 생산성을 보였으며, 고사리 전분의 호화특성에서 최고점도는 465.3RVU로 쌀 전분의 218.6 RVU에 비해 월등히 높았고 호화시간은 쌀 전분 6.0분에 비해 3.7분으로 짧은 특성을 보였다. 고사리 전분의 무기물 함향은 가식부 100g당 인산 20mg, 칼륨 47mg 수준으로 밀가루에 비해 낮았으나 칼슘은 밀가루 33mg과 대등한 32mg을 보였고 특히 철분에서는 밀가루 4mg 수준에 비해 31mg으로 높은 함량을 보여 밀가루의 철분을 보충할 수 있는 전분으로 유망하였다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2018

전라북도 동부권 지역은 중산악지형으로 표고 100~500m 산지가 69%, 500~1,000m가 26%로 이루어져 있어, 산채를 재배하기에 유리한 지리적 조건을 갖고 있다. 따라서 소비자의 수요가 높은 산채류의 재배 및 이용에 대한 농업인들의 기술개발이 요구되고 있다. 이에 전라북도 준고랭지역에서 재배하기 적합한 산채작목을 선발하고자 본 시험을 실시하였다. 시험은 표고 500m 전라북도 남원시 운봉읍 허브시험장에서 노지재배, 남원시 주천면 표고 530~540m, 진안군 주천면 표고 340~350m에 위치한 농가포장에서 임간재배를 실시하였다. 대상작물은 개미취(Aster tataricus), 갯기름나물(Peucedanum japonicum), 곤달비(Ligularia stenocephala), 눈개승마(Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus), 단풍취(Ainsliaea acerifolia), 산마늘(Allium microdictyon), 섬쑥부쟁이(Aster glehnii), 어수리(Heracleum moellendorffii), 우산나물(Syneilesis palmata) 등 9종을 2016년 종묘를 정식하였다. 정식 2년차에 해당지역의 5월~9월 평균기온 및 조도 등 생육환경을 조사하고, 시험작물의 출현율, 생육특성, 수량 등을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안의 평균기온은 노지가 $20.8^{\circ}C$, 남원임간은 $20.3^{\circ}C$, 진안임간은 $20.5^{\circ}C$이었으며, 평균조도는 노지가 37,362Lux, 남원임간은 7,816Lux, 진안임간은 25,316Lux이었다. 노지에서 출현율은 개미취, 갯기름나물, 눈개승마, 산마늘, 섬쑥부쟁이, 우산나물이, 임간에서는 개미취, 곤달미, 눈개승마, 단풍취, 산마늘, 어수리, 우산나물이 높았다. 생육특성은 노지에서 개미취, 갯기름나물, 눈개승마, 섬쑥부쟁이, 임간에서는 단풍취, 산마늘, 우산나물의 생육이 좋았다. 수량은 노지에서 개미취, 갯기름나물, 곤달비, 산마늘, 섬쑥부쟁이, 어수리가 높았으며, 남원임간에서는 곤달비, 단풍취, 우산나물, 어수리가, 진안임간에서는 개미취, 갯기름나물, 산마늘, 우산나물의 수량이 많았다. 이와 더불어 준고랭지에 적합한 산채류률 선발하기 위해서는 차후 재배 지역 및 방법의 차이에 따른 산채작물의 연차별 수량성과 경제성에 관한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.273-285
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• 2005

Genetic variation of notorious invasive plants, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) were examined using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. A total of 18 different ITS types were detected from 156 individuals of common ragweed sampled mainly from the southern part of Korean peninsula whereas four types were identified from 46 individuals of giant ragweed. High sequence diversity observed from common ragweed in Korean populations was interpreted as multiple introduction. Genetic recombination was suggested as possible method for the production of some of the ITS types while point mutation was mainly responsible for the origin of the sequence diversity. This study provided some of basic genetic information needed for understanding of the evolutionary process in ragweed during invasion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.592-599
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• 2016

In the 21st yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 21) of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, held in Paris, France, in December 2015, the "Paris Agreement" was negotiated; this is a new global agreement on the reduction of climate change, which encourages every country to participate in countermeasures for global climate change. Along with such movements, the electric railway sector has also been actively engaged in low carbon technology. This paper studied the building of a 1.5MW photovoltaic power generation system using the rooftop of the Gwangmyeong Station Building, which is the largest roof among the high-speed railway station buildings in Korea; this station has passenger traffic that reached about 7 million in 2014. For this study, we configured an optimized photovoltaic (PV) power generation system and then estimated the expected annual energy production by using PV system software; we also calculated the expected revenue that could be obtained by linking this source to the power distribution system. The obtained data were used to analyze the contribution of low-carbon energy that could be obtained by introducing a PV power generation system on the roof of an electric railway station building.