• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 2017

As the utilization of aerial images increases, a variety of software using unmanned aerial photogrammetric procedures as well as traditional aerial photogrammetric procedures are being provided. Previously, software that used the unmanned aerial photogrammetric procedure was used for images captured in small areas. Recently, however, software that uses unmanned aerial photogrammetric procedures for large-scale images taken by using aerial photogrammetric cameras has appeared. Therefore, this study generated ortho-images using aerial photogrammetry and unmanned aerial photogrammetry for large aerial images, and compared the features of both procedures through qualitative and quantitative comparisons. Experiments in the study area show that using the 3D mesh effectively removes the relief displacement of the building rather than using the digital surface model to generate ortho-images.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2016

Recently, many studies have been conducted to use fixed-wing and rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, Drones) for topographic surveying in open-pit mines. Because the fixed-wing and rotary-wing UAVs have different characteristics such as flight height, speed, time and performance of mounted cameras, their results of topographic surveying at a same site need to be compared. This study selected a construction site in Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea as a study area and compared the topographic surveying results from a fixed-wing UAV (SenseFly eBee) and a popular rotary-wing UAV (DJI Phantom2 Vision+). As results of data processing for aerial photos taken from eBee and Phantom2 Vision+, orthomosaic images and digital surface models with about 4 cm grid spacing could be generated. Comparisons of the X, Y, Z-coordinates of 7 ground control points measured by differential global positioning system and those determined by eBee and Phantom2 Vision+ revealed that the root mean squared errors of X, Y, Z-coordinates were around 10 cm, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.382-382
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• 2015

하천 및 그 주변을 포함한 지형에 대한 정밀 측량 자료의 구축은 장기적인 수자원 계획 및 정책을 수립하는데 중요한 요건이 된다. 최근 들어 무인 항공기의 사진측량시스템을 이용하여 수치 표고모형을 구축하는 연구가 진행 중에 있으며, 이를 기존 하도측량 자료와의 통합 과정을 통해 하천 및 주변지형 측정에 대한 자료 구축이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 무인 항공기와 무인 하천유량측정용 원격조정보트를 이용하여 측정된 주변 지형 및 하천 지형 자료를 통합하고 이를 공인된 측정 자료와의 비교를 통해 본 연구 결과의 정확성과 이에 따른 측정방법의 효율성을 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 낙동강 강정고령보 하류부 지역을 대상으로 하여 무인 항공기와 무인 하천유량측정용 원격조정보트를 이용하여 지형자료를 측정하였다. 이 측정 자료를 하나의 자료로 통합하여 수치표고모형을 구축하였고 이를 국토지리정보원의 1:5,000 수치지도를 이용하여 5m 간격으로 구축한 수치표고모형과 비교하여 그 정확도를 비교해보았다. 그 결과 측정완료시부터 표준화된 데이터 생성 완료시까지의 시간을 기준으로 기존 측량방법 보다 효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 1:5,000 수치지도를 이용하여 구축한 수치표고모형 자료와 정확도를 비교해볼 때 실무에 적용 가능한 수준 내로 오차가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 2020년 산사태가 발생한 곡성지역을 대상으로 무인항공기 사진측량을 통하여 산사태 지역의 범위와 변위를 조사하고 이를 기반으로 산사태에 의한 피해범위를 LS-RAPID에서 분석하였다. LS-RAPID는 지진과 강우의 영향을 반영하는 산사태 시뮬레이션 모델이며, 산사태 운동시작여부를 평가하며 만일 발생 시 토사의 이동, 퇴적 범위, 토사층의 깊이를 예측할 수 있다. 산사태 시뮬레이션에서 중요한 변수 중의 하나는 지중의 활동층의 깊이와 분포이다. 재해현장에서 이런 자료를 신속하고 정량적으로 측정하기 위한 방법으로서 무인항공기를 이용한 측량을 실시하였다. 또한 산사태 토사의 이동과 퇴적을 검증하기 위한 자료도 획득하였다. 매개변수의 추정 시선행연구에서 제시된 값을 참고하여, 재해현장의 피해범위와 규모를 비교하여 매개변수를 추정하여 다른 연구사례에서 이용한 값들과 비교, 분석하였다. 또한, 시뮬레이션의 지형입력자료로서 무인항공기 사진 측량자료에서 생성된 DSM(Digital Surface Model)과 수지지도에서 생성한 DEM(Digital Elevation Model)을 적용한 경우, 시뮬레이션 결과에 영향을 비교, 분석하였다. 결과적으로 DEM보다 DSM을 적용하는 것이 퇴적범위가 크게 확대되지 않으며, 현장을 잘 반영한 결과가 얻어지는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2015

Currently, Korea's digital maps are being produced through traditional aerial photogrammetry methods. Aerial photogrammetry is the most economical way to produce a map of a wide area. However, timely survey is not allowed depends on weather condition and it is inefficient for small area surveying in economic point of view. Therefore, it costs too much and needs long time to produce a map for various small areas where are terrestrial changes for updating the map. In contrast, UAV photogrammetry is possible to work even in cloudy weather because of shooting at low altitude below the clouds. It also has excellent mobility and shoot quickly and well suited for small-scale mapping in several places by low cost. In this study, we produced an ortho-photo and digital map with the UAV photogrammetry method using SIFT and SfM algorithm and verified its accuracy to evaluate the applicability for future digital map updates. The accuracy was verified by comparing the results of the ground survey for check points selected on the digital map. Test results show small errors at ±2.6cm in X coordinates, ±2.8cm in Y coordinates and ±5.8cm in height and we could find a possibility that UAV photogrammetry would be fully applicable for digital map updating.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.527-533
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• 2015

This study performed an on-site demonstration of the topographic surveying technique at a large-scale open-pit limestone mine in Korea using a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, Drone, SenseFly eBee). 288 sheets of aerial photos were taken by an automatic flight for 30 minutes under conditions of 300 m altitude and 12 m/s speed. Except for 37 aerial photos in which no keypoint was detected, 251 aerial photos were utilized for data processing including correction and matching, then an orthomosaic image and digital surface model with 7 cm grid spacing could be generated. A comparison of the X, Y, Z-coordinates of 4 ground control points measured by differential global positioning system and those determined by fixed-wing UAV photogrammetry revealed that the root mean squared errors were around 15 cm. Because the fixed-wing UAV has relatively longer flight time and larger coverage area than rotary-wing UAVs, it can be effectively utilized in large-scale open-pit mines as a topographic surveying tool.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.427-439
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• 2019

Purpose: We generated geospatial information of unmanned aerial vehicle based on various SW and analyzed the location accuracy of orthoimage and DSM and texture mapping of 3D mesh. Method: The same unmanned aerial image data is processed using two different SW, and spatial information is generated. Among the generated spatial information, the orthoimage and DSM were compared with the spatial information generation results of the unmanned aerial photogrammetry SW by performing quantitative analysis by calculating RMSE of horizontal position and vertical position error and performing qualitative analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in the positional accuracy of the orthoimage and DSM generated by each SW, and differences in texture mapping in 3D mesh. The creation of the 3D mesh indicated the impact of the Unmanned Aerial Photogrammetry SW. Conclusion: It is shown that there is no effect of SW on the creation of orthoimage and DSM for geospatial analysis based on unmanned aerial vehicle. However, when 3D visualization is performed, texture mapping results are different depending on SW.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2015

The various studies and applications for UAVS(Unmaned Aerial Vehicle System) have been recently increased as a new technology to create 3D spatial information rapidly and accurately. UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is economical when comparing with conventional technique, such as satellite and aerial survey, and can quickly obtain high resolution data under 5cm. This paper examined the utilizing possibility to creating 3D spatial information and analysis the compatibility the UAV data obtained by non-metric digital camera with conventional numerical photogrammetric system. The DEM and normal orthophoto is created by exclusive S/W and DPW(Digital Photogrammetry Workstation) then analysis the accuracy of created data. As a result, the accuracy of the created DEM and normal orthophoto, which is obtained by UAV then processed by DPW, is not satisfied;so it is estimated that the compatibility the UAV data with conventional numerical photogrammetric system is low.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2016

Due to the recent technical development and the enhancement of image resolution, Unmanned Airborne Vehicles(UAVs) have been used for various fields. A low altitude UAV system takes advantage of taking riverbed imagery at small rivers as well as land surface imagery on the ground. The bathymetric data are generated from the low altitude UAV system. The accuracy of the data is analyzed along water depths, comparing GPS observations and a DSM generated from UAV images. It is found that the depth accuracy of the geospatial data below 50 cm depth of water satisfies the regulation(${\pm}10cm$ spatial accuracy) of bathymetric surveying. Therefore this research shows that the geospatial data generated from UAV images at shallow regions of rivers can be used for bathymetric surveying.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.535-544
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• 2017

UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) are generally classified into fixed-wing and rotary-wing type, and both have very different flight characteristics each other during photographing. These can greatly effect on the quality of images and their productions. In this paper, the change of the camera rotation angle at the moment of photographing was compared and analyzed by calculating orientation angles of each image taken by both types of payload. Study materials were acquired at an altitude of 130m and 260m with fixed-wing, and at an altitude of 130m with rotary-wing UAV over an agricultural land. In addition, an accuracy comparison of boundary surveying methods between UAV photogrammetry and terrestrial cadastral surveying was conducted in two parcels of the study area. The study results are summarized as follows. The differences at rotation angles of images acquired with between two types of UAVs at the same flight height of 130m were significantly very large. On the other hand, the distance errors of parcel boundary surveying were not significant between them, but almost the same, about within ${\pm}0.075m$ in RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). The accuracy of boundary surveying with a fixed-wing UAV at 260m altitude was quite variable, $0.099{\sim}0.136m$ in RMSE. In addition, the error of area extracted from UAV-orthoimages was less than 0.2% compared with the results of the cadastral survey in the same two parcels used for the boundary surveying, In conclusion, UAV photogrammetry can be highly utilized in the field of cadastral surveying.