• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2020

This purpose of this paper was to review the development trend of the VTOL MAVs with a ducted propellant that can fly like the VTOL at intermediate and high speeds, hovering, landing, and lifting off vertically over urban areas, warships, bridges, and mountainous terrains. The MAV differs in flight characteristics from helicopters and fixed wings in many respects. In addition to enhancing thrust, the duct protects personnel from accidental contact with the spinning rotor. The purpose of the U.S. Army FCS and DARPA's OAV program is spurring development of a the VTOL ducted MAV. Today's MAVs are equipped with video/infrared cameras to hover-and-stare at enemies hidden behind forests and hills for approximately one hour surveillance and reconnaissance. Class-I is a VTOL ducted MAV developed in size and weight that individual soldiers can store in their backpacks. Class-II is the development of an organic VTOL ducted fan MAV with twice the operating time and a wider range of flight than Class-I. MAVs will need to develop to perch-and-stare technology for lengthy operation on the current hover-and-stare. The near future OAV's concept is to expand its mission capability and efficiency with a joint operation that automatically lifts-off, lands, refuels, and recharges on the vehicle's landing pad while the manned-unmanned ground vehicle is in operation. A ducted MAV needs the development of highly accurate relative position technology using low cost and small GPS for automatic lift-off and landing on the landing pad. There is also a need to develop a common command and control architecture that enables the cooperative operation of organisms between a VTOL ducted MAV and a manned-unmanned ground vehicle.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1846-1854
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• 2022

The sophistication and diversification of mission equipment for surveillance and reconnaissance is leading to a demand for large-capacity public data links. Overseas, a T4 class(274Mbps) common data link was applied to the Global hwak, a high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle, and various research and development are being conducted in Korea. In this paper, we propose a structure in which pilot is additionally applied to improve SNR performance while minimizing data transmission rate loss in the DVB-S2 frame structure, which is a european satellite broadcasting standard, for high-capacity transmission of T4 class or higher in the common data link. For the performance evaluation of the proposed structure, the performance of the DVB-S2 was compared and analyzed by simulating the UAV data link channel environment. As a result of simulation, 0.15% of transmission rate loss occurred at T4 class transmission rate compared to DVB-S2 in the proposed structure, but improved SNR reception performance of 0.2~0.3dB was confirmed in the UAV channel environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

UAVs have been deployed various missions such as deception, reconnaissance and attack since they have been applied in battlefield and achieved missions successfully instead of man. In the past, it is impossible for UAVs to conduct autonomous missions or cooperative mission between manned aircraft due to the limitation of the technology. However, theses missions are possible owing to the advance in communication and AI Technology. In this research, we identified the possible cooperative missions between manned and unmanned team based on air-to-air mission. We studied cooperative manned and unmanned tactics about fighter sweep mission which is the core and basic operation among various air-to-air missions. We also developed cooperative tactics of manned and unmanned team by classifying nonstealth and stealth confrontational tactics. Hereafter, we verified the validity of the suggested tactics using computer simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2012

The ducted fan for a small UAV propulsion can reconnoiter and observe in a town and a small area, it has better thrust efficiency and a long endurance than propeller. Thrust characteristics of hover and for ward flight condition for the ducted fan UAV is important issue to improve a endurance. The unsteady 3-dimensional flow fields of the ducted fan UAV is essential to stable flight. In this paper, to verify the design results of the ducted fan and to investigate a stable aeronautical characteristic, the thrust performance and the unsteady 3-dimensional flow fields are measured. Thrust characteristics for the hovering and the forward flight conditions are measured by the 6-components balance system in the subsonic wind tunnel. The unsteady 3-dimensional flow fields are analyzed by using a stationary $45^{\circ}$ slanted hot-wire technique. The swirl velocity is almost removed behind the stator blades. Therefore, the thrust performance of the ducted fan is improved and the flight stability is maintained.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.799-821
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• 2016

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are essential systems for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations in current battlespace. And its importance will be getting extended because of complexity and uncertainty of battlespace. In this study, we forecast the advancement of 96 UAVs during the period of 32 years from 1982 to 2014 using TFDEA. TFDEA is a quantitative technology forecasting method which is characterized as non-parametric and non-statistical mathematical programming. Inman et al. (2006) showed that TFDEA is more accurate in forecasting compared with classical econometrics (e.g. regression). This study got 4.06% point of annual technological rate of change (RoC) for UAVs by applying TFDEA. And most UAVs in the period are inefficient according to the global SOA frontiers. That is because the countries which develop UAVs are in the middle class of technological level, so more than 60% of world UAVs markets are shared by North America and Europe which are advanced countries in terms of technological maturity level. This study could give some insights for UAVs development and its advancement. And also can be used for evaluating the adequacy of Required Operational Capability (ROC) of suggested future systems and managing the progress of Research and Development (R&D).

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.327-333
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• 2023

Existing studies on the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)-based CPS (Cyber Physical System) environment lack forest fire monitoring and forest fire reconnaissance using real-world UAVs. So, it is necessary to monitor forest fires early through CPS based on real-world UAVs with high reliability and resource management efficiency. In this paper presents an MFG (Misstion File Generater) that automatically generates a flight path of an UAV for forest fire monitoring in a CPS environment. MFG generates flight paths based on a hiking trail with a high fire probability due to a true story of an entrant. We have confirmed that the flight path generated by MFG can be applied to the UAV. Also, we have verified that the UAV flies according to the flight path generated by MFG in simulation, with a negligible error rate.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.45-55
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• 2002

In this paper, we describe an outdoor augmented reality system using GPS tracking for position and attitude information. The system consist of a remote mobile operation unit and a ground operation unit. The remote mobile operation unit includes a real-time image acquiring device, a GPS tracking device, and a wireless data transceiver; the ground operation unit includes a wireless transceiver, a virtual image generating device, and an image superimposing device. The GPS tracking device for measurement of position and attitude of the remote mobile operation unit was designed by TANS Vector and RT-20 for DGPS. The wireless data transceiver was for data transmission between the remote mobile operation unit and the ground operation unit. After the remote mobile operation unit was installed on a vehicle and a helicopter, the system was evaluated to verify its validity in actual applications. It was found that the implemented system could be used for obtaining real-time remote information such as construction simulation, tour guide, broadcasting, disaster observation, or military purpose.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1097-1104
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• 2016

The infrared camera is difficult to satisfy the RE-102 specification of Mil-Std-461. Especially, in the case of UAV electronics, shielded cable is not used, so it is difficult to meet the electromagnetic compatibility standard. In the RE-102 test of the IR camera for UAV, radiated noise exceeding 30 dBuV/m was observed in the range of 50 MHz to 200 MHz. As a result of pcb em scan, peak noise which caused by the harmonic frequency of the digital control signal clock was observed. Radiated noise was reduced by up to 22.9 dBuV/m by applying the spread spectrum clock generator(SSCG) with 3 % down spreading method to the camera control clock.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.3-54
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• 2013

Nowadays, major advanced countries in aviation technology are putting their effort to develop commercial and civil Unmanned Aircraft System(UAS) due to its highly promising market demand in the future. The market scale of commercial and civil UAS is expected to increase up to approximately 8.8 billon U.S. dollars by the year 2020. The usage of commercial and civil UAS covers various areas such as remote sensing, relaying communications, pollution monitoring, fire detection, aerial reconnaissance and photography, coastline monitoring, traffic monitoring and control, disaster control, search and rescue, etc. With the introduction of UAS, changes need to be made on current Air Traffic Management Systems which are focused mainly manned aircrafts to support the operation of UAS. Accordingly, the legislation for the UAS operation should be followed. Currently, ICAO's Unmanned Aircraft System Study Group(UASSG) is leading the standardization process of legislation for UAS operation internationally. However, some advanced countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Australia have adopted its own legislation. Among these countries, United States is most forth going with President Obama signing a bill to integrate UAS into U.S. national airspace by 2015. In case of Korea, legislation for the unmanned aircraft system is just in the beginning stage. There are no regulations regarding the operation of unmanned aircraft in Korea's domestic aviation law except some clauses regarding definition and permission of the unmanned aircraft flight. However, the unmanned aircrafts are currently being used in military and under development for commercial use. In addition, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has a ambitious plan to develop commercial and civil UAS as Korea's most competitive area in aircraft production and export. Thus, Korea is in need of the legislation for the UAS operation domestically. In this regards, I personally think that Korea's domestic legislation for UAS operation will be enacted focusing on following 12 areas : (1)use of airspace, (2)licenses of personnel, (3)certification of airworthiness, (4)definition, (5)classification, (6)equipments and documents, (7)communication, (8)rules of air, (9)training, (10)security, (11)insurance, (12)others. Im parallel with enacting domestic legislation, korea should contribute to the development of international standards for UAS operation by actively participating ICAO's UASSG.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2013

Predicting pattern of future combat ensures a successful war. It is possible to anticipate the shape of the future combat from the fighting method of US Army in the Iraq War. The fighting method: a series of combat progress by real time information to pinpoint strike using a guided weapon by GPS, an intelligence satellite and unmanned surveillance vehicle (USV), shows that real time unification combat power is key element for decide outcome of a war. The NCW is an organically connected network centric warfare paradigm by networking a factor of operation. In this paper, studied on the improvement plan for combat power by the future computer like a portable computer, an audio-recognized computer and non-keyboard computer. In addition, this paper attempts to establish a comprehensive intelligence network of Korea Marine Corps and to apply to combat or training.