• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

In this study, the anthracite coal being used as fuel in Korea were classified into different types. These types include the domestically produced anthracite, imported anthracite used as raw material, and imported anthracite used as fuel. Each of the calorific values and greenhouse gas emission factors were calculated. The calculation of greenhouse gas emission factors resulted in the domestically produced anthracite as $111,477{\pm}4,508kg\;CO_2/TJ$, the imported anthracite used as raw material as $108,358{\pm}4,033kg\;CO_2/TJ$, and anthracite used as fuel was displayed as $103,927{\pm}8,367kg\;CO_2/TJ$. Additionally, the amount of greenhouse gas emission based on these calculated emission factors was displayed as $6,216,942ton\;CO_2$, which resulted as 12.7% lower than the green house gas emission amount which was calculated without distinguishing anthracite coal in details. Therefore, collecting activity data through a detailed classification of anthracites facilitate a more accurate calculation of greenhouse gas emission amount compared to collecting activity data through combination. Furthermore, since the anthracite coal used domestically possesses characteristics differing from the anthracite coal proposed by the IPCC, anthracite coal should be classified for each purpose and calculated for the improvement of the national greenhouse gas inventory.

• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.358-359
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• 2011

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 1992

Chemical composition and fusibility of coal ash were measured for 23 Korean anthracite coals. The relationship between chemical properties and fusion temperature of coal ash was investigated. The slagging and fouling in firing the pulverized coal for boiler was assessed for the coal samples. It was found that most ashes contained more than 80% of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ whereas less than 1% of $Na_2O$. And also fusion temperature of ashes occured relatively higher for Korean coals. Therefore it can be predictable that the slagging and fouling formation has a little problem in a pulverized coal firing system. A base/acid ratio did show a good correlation with fusion temperature for these coal ashes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1997

The effect of Bituminous and Anthracite coal ash(fly ash) on the performance of Chinese cabbage on an acid soil was studied through a pot experiment. The levels of application of the materials tested were five, 10 and 15% of dry soil weight. Regardless of the kind of fly ash, the application of it, tended to increase the yield of Chinese cabbage by 13 to 24% in fresh weight. Difference in application levels did not result in the difference in increasing the yield of Chinese cabbage. The application of fly ash tended to lower the all of the mineral nutrient contents in the Chinese cabbage, excepting boron. Boron content tended to increase along with the application of fly ash. Bituminous ash raised the pH of soil and increased available P, exchangeable Ca and soluble boron in the soil remarkably. Anthracite ash, on the other hand, did not increase the contents of other components in the soil, than soluble born.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.24-27
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• 1989

MTBE(Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether)는 PMMA(Poly Methyl Methacrylate)를 생산하기 위한 석유화학 중간원료로 사용되는 것이 일반적이나, 무연휘발유 사용의 세계적인 추세에 힘입어 (정유산업에 있어서 그 수요가 날로 증가하고 있으며) 정유산업의 옥탄가 문제를 해결해 주는 유효적절한 수단으로 보급이 확대되고 있는 실정이다. 여기에서는 MTBE의 전반적인 특성 및 사용에 따른 효과 및 장단점을 소개하고자 한다.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• no.8 s.102
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• pp.94-98
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• 1989

이 글은 지난 3월에 있은 Institution of Chemical Engineers와 lnstitute of Petroleum 소속 Energy Economics Group과의 합동회의에서 발표된 RW Houghton BP 수석 경영분석가의「Un leaded gasoline-a refiners view of future」를 옮긴 것이다. <역자 주>

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2004

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

Pb-Sn solder is rapidly being replaced by lead-free solder for board-level interconnection in microelectronic package assemblies due to the environmental protection requirement. There is a general lack of mechanical reliability information available on the lead-free solder. In this study, thermo-mechanical behaviors of wire-bond plastic ball grid array (WB-PBGA) package assemblies are characterized by high-sensitivity moire interferometry. Experiments are conducted for two types of WB-PBGA packages that have Pb-Sn solder and lead-free solder as joint interconnections. Using real-time moire setup, fringe patterns are recorded and analyzed for several temperatures. Bending deformations of the assemblies and average strains of the solder balls are investigated and compared for the two type of WB-PBGA package assemblies. Results show that shear strain in #3 solder ball located near the chip shadow boundary is dominant for the failure of the package with Pb-Sn solder, while normal strain in #7 most outer solder ball is dominant for that with lead-free solder. It is also shown that the package with lead-free solder has much larger bending deformation and 10% larger maximum effective strain than the package with Pb-Sn solder at same temperature level.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to produce cokes which can be used for the production of ferroalloy, for this purpose, domestic anthracite mixed with plastic was sintered at various condition. The combustion and physical properties of anthracite and plastic, coal separation, and the influence of factors on the strength of coke were investigated. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The three kinds of anthracite from the Samcheok region contained 25 to 30% ash of $100{\mu}m$ over size, and have the caloric value of 5,205 cal/g(TaeAn), 4,893 cal/g(JangSung), 4,873cal/g(KyongDong). 2. The recommendable conditions for heavy-fluid separation of the Samcheok coal are to set the specific gravity of heavy fluid to 2.4 and control the size of coal to $35{\sim}140mesh$. 3. It is concluded that phenolic resin powder, liquefied phenolic resin, SAN, and melamine resin can be used as a binder for the anthracite cokes, from the thermal analysis of various plastics. Especially, the liquefied phenolic resin was considered as the most suitable binder as it would simplify the process.

• Plant Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Considering the recent government policy toward North Korea and situation of power facilities in North Korea, it will be necessary to prepare for the consumption of the anthracite coal from Korea in coal-fired power plants. In this study, the anthracite co-fired tests in 500 MW thermal power plants were conducted with varying the main operation conditions, such as anthracite injection position in the boiler, coal fineness and combustion air flow, to investigate the effects on the generation of unburned carbon. It was confirmed that the generation of unburned carbon was remarkably reduced when the anthracite coal was injected into the boiler low burner with a relatively long residence time in the main combustion region, and that the increase of the coal fineness proportional to the combustion reaction surface area also reduces the generation of unburned carbon. An increase in the combustion air flow, which increase the combustion reactivity, also contributes to the reduction of unburned carbon. It is possible to maintain the unburned carbon generation below 5 % of the ash recycling quality by controlling the above operating conditions for the given mixing rate of anthracite, and the priority of changing the operating conditions within the test range is the highest for anthracite coal injection position.