• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2004

This paper proposes a method to provide intelligence for characters in fighting action games by using a neural network. Each action takes several time units in general fighting action games. Thus the results of a character's action are not exposed immediately but some time units later. To design a suitable neural network for such characters, it is very important to decide when the neural network is taught and which values are used to teach the neural network. The fitness of a character's action is determined according to the scores. For learning, the decision causing the score is identified, and then the neural network is taught by using the score change, the previous input and output values which were applied when the decision was fixed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, many experiments are executed on a simple action game (but very similar to the actual fighting action games) environment. The results show that the intelligent character trained by the proposed algorithm outperforms random characters by 3.6 times at most. Thus we can conclude that the intelligent character properly reacts against the action of the opponent. The proposed method can be applied to various games in which characters confront each other, e.g. massively multiple online games.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 1984

To find clinical significance of routine "dipstick" urinalysis on admission, we analyzed the results of the "dipstick" urinalyses performed in 844 patients admitted to the pediatric department of Yeungnam University hospital from May 1, 1983 to October 31, 1984. Ketonuria, proteinuria, hematuria and glucosuria were found in 9.5%, 4.9%, 2.4% and 1.1% of the patients respectively. There were no significant differences by sex, age and presence of fever. However, proteinuria and ketonuria were found more frequently in the patients with dehydration (p<0.05). The degree of ketonuria showed a positive association w:th the severity of dehydration (p<0.005). All of the patients with proteinuria and ketonuria showed negative results on follow up. However, among 13 patients with hematura, 9 patients showed negative results and 4 patients had persistent hematuria on follow up. These 4 patients were found to have chronic pyelonephritis (2), asymptomatic urinary tract infection (1) and benign recurrent hematuria (1). This routine "dipstick" urinalysis on admission seems to be simple test which is useful in detecting unrecognized kidney and other urinary tract disease.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.572-583
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated visual fatigue in i3D system and basic factors that contribute to visual fatigue in the system. i3D is a type of glasses-free display which supports elementary manual interaction of users with the display. In Experiment 1, we performed open-ended survey of visual fatigue and collected responses from observers which then were used as survey questions for visual fatigue. The questions were validated by factor analysis from which we derived fatigue measurement scale. In Experiment 2, we measured visual fatigue in various conditions using survey questions obtained from Experiment 1. Using manual interaction (present/absent), viewing distance(1/2/4m), and viewing orientation($0/28/56^{\circ}$) as three factors in within-subject design, we measured visual fatigue in each condition. The results indicated that visual fatigue deceases with farther viewing distance, but viewing orientation and manual interaction does not influence visual fatigue. Although fatigue unexpectedly decreased in an extreme viewing condition (e.g., distance 1m, orientation $56^{\circ}$), the results were obtained because of technical limitation of glasses-free 3D display. General discussion provides discussion on limits of the current study and suggestions for future research.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.4 s.94
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• pp.527-534
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• 2006

This paper outlines a new strengthening technique for concrete beams using externally unbended high-strength bars. The advantages of proposed method lie in speed and simplicity of construction compared to the alternative strengthening method. Externally unbended reinforcement retains many of the advantages over external unbended prestressed tendons. It eliminates time consuming stressing operations. Clearance requirements around anchorages are reduced as access is not required for prestressing jacks. Test results of eight specimens on reinforced concrete beams using different reinforcement materials such as carbon fiber sheet, steel plate and high-tension bar are reported. The beam strengthened by carbon fiber sheet showed a brittle failure mode due to the separation of fiber. As a result of draped profile of external bar, the maximum strength of the beam were increased by up to 212 percent and the deflections were reduced by up to 65 percent. Test results show that the beams reinforced with high-tension bar are superior to reference specimens, especially for the strength and deformation capacity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2009

Integration and expression of a target gene into chromosomal genomes of host cell by retrovirus mediated gene transfer system usually require complicate and laborious procedures. In the present study, we investigate a simple method to integrate a target gene into genome of BF-2 cells using ultraviolet (UV)-inactivated snakehead retrovirus (SnRV), a fish retrovirus. First of all, an optimization of transfection condition was determined with BF-2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 and Transome. Using 0.5 $\mu\ell$ Lipofectamine 2000 resulted in 33.8, 40.6 and 40.2% of transfection efficacy with high survival rate (minimum 80%) in 0.5, 1 and 2 $\mu{g}$ DNA, respectively, and those of Transome were all less than 5%. It was confirmed that UV-treatment for 5 min was enough to inactivate infectivity of SnRV. Next, a cassette composed of GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene flanked by LTR (long terminal repeats) sequences derived from SnRV was constructed and transfected into BF-2 cells followed by treatment with UV-inactivated SnRV for optimization of integration and expression of the cassette gene. As the results, the fluorescence was expressed in BF-2 cells treated with UV-inactivated SnRV 3 and 5 times, while there was no expression in BF-2 cells with once and non treatment. Accordingly, it was confirmed that GFP gene was integrated into chromosomal genome of BF-2 cells with UV-inactivated SnRV.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate maize downy mildew resistance using spreader row technique in Cambodia. A total of forty maize lines were used in this experiment. Seven Korean varieties and seven breeding lines showed high infection rates (80~100%) and highly susceptible (HS) to downy mildew disease in both spring and fall. Also most of nested association mapping (NAM) parent lines were highly susceptible (HS). Meanwhile three inbred lines, Ki3, Ki11, and CML228, showed highly resistant (HR) or resistant (R) in spring and moderately resistant (MR) in fall. These three lines were already known as resistant inbred lines against downy mildew disease. It appears that spreader row technique was suitable for selection of maize downy mildew resistance in Cambodia. The incidence of downy mildew was influenced by weather conditions, especially relative humidity and temperature. Among several inoculation methods to screen for downy mildew resistance, this spreader row technique is effectively and easily used in the field of Southeast Asia.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2006

Female phenotype of a 46,XY male may originates from male pseudohermaphroditism due to $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency. Lack of cortisol increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and mineralocorticoid production, leading to low renin hypertention and hypokalemia. A 41-year-old phenotypic female presented primary amenorrhea and hypertension. In the hormonal profile, the levels of serum estradiol, testosterone, rennin, and cortisol were decreased and ACTH and deoxycorticosterone were increased. Laparoscopic bilateral gonadectomy was performed, and corticosteroid, antihypertensive drugs, and estrogen were administered. We report this case with a brief review of the literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.92-100
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• 2015

Electric Vehicle (EV) can be categorized by the driving method into in-wheel and in-line types. In-wheel type EV does not have transmission shaft, differential gear and other parts that are used in conventional cars, which simplifies and lightens the structure resulting in higher efficiency. In this paper, design method for in-wheel motor for automobiles using Parameter Map is proposed, and motor with continuous power of 5 kW is designed, built and its performance is verified. To decide the capacity of the in-wheel motor that meets the automobile's requirement, Vehicle Dynamic Simulation considering the total mass of vehicle, gear efficiency, effective radius of tire, slope ratio and others is performed. Through this step, the motor's capacity is decided and initial design to determine the motor shape and size is performed. Next, the motor parameters that meet the requirement is determined using parametric design that uses parametric map. After the motor parameters are decided using parametric map, optimal design to improve THD of back EMF, cogging torque, torque ripple and other factors is performed. The final design was built, and performance analysis and verification of the proposed method is conducted by performing load test.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.308-314
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• 2004

Atelocollagen have been used recently in skin and other soft tissue defect regions more than silicone fluid because of the low incidence of an immune reaction and complications. Several cases of acute pneumonitis after a subcutaneous injection of silicone have been reported. The symptoms were dyspnea, fever, chest pain and hemoptysis. Previous reports have explained the pathophysiology of acute pneumonitis to a pulmonary microembolism and cellular inflammation. We experienced two cases of an acute interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage after a subcutaneous injection of atelocollagen. They were all healthy young women and complained of dyspnea, fever and blood tinged sputum. The chest radiography and computerized tomography showed a bilateral ground glass opacity in both lung fields. One case recovered completely with conservative treatment but the clinical course of the other case was aggravated to the degree that invasive positive pressure ventilation therapy was required. We report a rare case of a diffuse pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and an interstitial pneumonitis after the subcutaneous injection of atelocollagen for cosmetic purposes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1428-1438
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• 2013

Services take place in Internet environment, a formation of the trust relationship between user and service provider for services. Different authentication schemes such as using Certificate of Public Key Infrastructure authentication and using ID/PW for a simple user authentication have been proposed for trust relationship. In addition, in the case of electronic financial transactions, transaction integrity and non-repudiation features are provided. These services are provided in Internet environment, use various measures to ensure service safety. However, it was difficult to prevent attacks using existing security technology because of emergence of MITB attack that manipulate the memory area of the Web browser and social engineering attacks such as phishing/pharming, requires application of new security technologies became. In this paper, we propose a concept of smart secure-pad, and utilize it safely formed a trust relationship between user and service provider, a model has been proposed to ensure safety of data transmission. Proposed model's security evaluation results show security against to MITB attack and phishing/pharming that can't be prevent attack using existing security technology. In addition, service provider can easily apply the model in safe environment can provide Internet service using provided representative services applying the proposed model.