• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 1990

The effects of coating materials on germination, establishment and herbage production were investigated in a laboratory and field over 1988-1989. For this purpose, four treatments of lime 50 % + briquet ash 50 %, briquet ash, dairy excreta and fowldung as coating material were applied to orchardgrass and red clover with meth ylcellulose. The germination rate of lime 50 % + briquet ash 50 % (70.6 %), briquet ash (84.0 %), dairy excreta (66.0 %) and fowldung (61.3 %) in orchardgrass were, showing lower than that of the control (86.6 %), respectively and the rate of red clover ranged from 59.0 to 18.6 %. Establishment in orchardgrass were from 2.0 to 0.9 %, showing lower than the control, whole a little higher except dairy excreta and fowldung treatments in red clover than the control. The DM yield of lime 50 % + briquet ash 50 % treatment was almost same to the control and other treatment showed lower yield compared with the yield of the control. The benefical effect of seed coating on field performance was minimal especially in terms of establishment and yield increase.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1987

To find out the nutrient contents of temperate grasses on the south and north slope, a field experiment was conducted with five forage species of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Agrostis gigantea and Trifolium repens. It was treated by randomized block design with 4 replications and lasted from September, 1983 to October, 1986 in Suweon. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Mean chemical compositions except NFE and crude fiber of the forage species on the south slope were a little more contented than that of north. But all crude components were significant difference among the species on the south and north exposure. 2. Production of TDN (total digestible nutrient), StE (starch equivalent) ME (metabolizable energy) and NEL (net energy lactation) of different grass species on the north slope were much more increased by 5-30% per ha (Dactylis glomerata by 5-876, Festuca arundinacea by 5%, Phleum pratense by 24-26% and Agrostis gigantea by 25-30%) than that of same grasses on the south, however, those of Trifolium repens were much more increased by 4 1-42% per ha in the south. 3. Mineral contents, Ca/P ratio and K/ (Ca + Mg) equivalent ratio of the species were slightly different between the exposures. But considering the factors of occuring grass tetany, those of the forage species on the north slope were better than that of same species on the south.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to find out the useful data for upland crop cultivation in the newly reclaimed tidal land. Poseung silty clay loam soil was selected, and cotton(Mogpo VII) and tall fescue were cultivated under different drainage systems and soil ameliorator applications. Soil hardness and bulk density were decreased by subsurface drainage and plastic film installed at 40cm depth of the soil. Red earth application was also effective to loosen the soil, but zeolite and gypsum made the subsoil compact. Water content of the soil was high in surface drain than that of subsurface drain or plastic film curtain plot during dry season. The water content was in order of plastic film curtain, surface drain and subsurface drain. Electrical conductivity(EC) was decreased to lower than 0.4 Simens $meter^{-1}$ ($SM^{-1}$) in the subsurface drain during rainy season, and the EC of subsurface drain was maintained a quater to an half of surface drain. The yield of cotton and tall fescue were high in order of subsurface drain, plastic film curtain and surface drain plot. The yields of cotton were increased to 36-73 % by ameliorator application, and the red earth application was more effective for tall fescue growth compare to gypsum and zeolite.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 1995

To investigate the effects of nitrogen(N) fertilization levels on the dry matter(DM) yield, nutrition yield, and N efficiency of forages in mixed sward of alfalfa-grasses, a field experiment arranged by randomized complete block design with five treatments(0, 70, 140, 210 and 280kg N/ha) was conducted at Livestock Experiment Station in Suwon, September, 1990 to February, 1993. During two years, average DM yields of forage increased as N fertilization level was increased, but no significant difference was found between DM 10,266kg of N 210kgha and DM 10,845kg of N 280kgha. Crude protein and energy productivity of forages increased as N fertilization level was increased, and the increasing degree was highest between N 140kg and 210kg/ha fertilization. With increasing N fertilization, mineral contents tended to decrease in P and K/Ca+ Mg equivalent ratios, to increase in Mg, but not to be regular in the other elements. Efficiency of N was highest at N 210kg/ha fertilization, which produced DM 21.6kg, net energy lactation 129.3 MJ, starch equivalent 12.3kStE and total digestible nutrients 14.5kg per Ikg N.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 1987

To find out the productivity of temperate grasses on the south and north slope, a field experiment was conducted with five forage species of Cactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Agrostis gigantea and Trifolium repens. It was treated by randomized block design with 4 replications and lasted from September, 1983 to October, 1986 in Suweon. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. During the vegetative period for three years, the mean surface temperature and soil temperature at a depth of lOcm on the south exposure were 2.0^{\circ}C$ and 0.8^{\circ}C$ respectively higher than that of north slope, but the soil temperature between exposures were practically not different in the mid-summer season. 2. Early growth and development of forage species on the north exposure were better than that of species on the south slope. 3. Average DM yield of grasses on the north slope was much more increased than that of species on the south, however, Trifolium repens was more positive in the south. 4. Otherwise average DM yield of Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea on the north slope was a little more increased, that of Phleum pratense and Agrostis gigantea was much more increased than that of same forage species on the south.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2009

The grassland establishment under the forest become important, but it comes with a shade for the grass growing among trees. The objective of this study is to select the proper grass-clover mixtures to several shading degrees. The grass-clover mixtures were grown under full sunlights and shade cloths, which reduce sunlight intensity by 35, 50 and 75%. The various types of mixtures were allocated at each shading degrees with three replications. The productivity of mixtures was the highest under full sunlights, and intermediate with 35% degree of shading and least with both 50 and 75% degrees of shading. The 1st mixture (orchardgrass+tall fescue+Kentucky bluegrass+ladino clover+perennial ryegrass+timothy) showed the greatest yield in all treatments. The crude protein (CP) concentration of all mixtures increased with the higher degree of shading, but no CP concentration difference was observed in mixtures within same degree of shading. The lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations and highest relative feed value (RFV) were resulted in the 1st mixture in all treatments. This study indicates that tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, ladino clover, perennial ryegrass and timothy can be used as components for mixtures with orchardgrass which is major component for forest-pastures.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 1976

This experiment was conducted for the control of summer depression of cool-season pasture plant. Orchard grass, tall fescue, red clover, alfalfa, and crabgrass were mulched by barley straw with depths of $100g/m^2$, $200g/m^2$ and $300g/m^2$ for 45 days -from July 1, to August 14-, and the effects on growth, yield and chemical composition were observed. The results obetain were as follow: Temperature decrease of $1.0{\sim}3.04^{\circ}C$ was followed after barley straw mulching on the grassland as compared with the control. The growth of the grasses after mulching was hastened, i. e. plant height was increasd 6.0~45% as compared with the control. Barley straw mulching with $100g/m^2$ supported the increase in yield of the grasses with an average of 32.77%, however, average yield was decreased by 7.75% with $300g/m^2$ mulching, apparently due to the rottening of grasses. Chemical compositions of mulched grasses were varied; contents of crude protein and nitrogen free extract were higher, but crude fats, fibre, and ashes were lower than those of the control.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 1979

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of potassium application level for pasture management in Chungnam area. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The seedling establishment of pasture species was slightly depressed by high potassium application. 2. By increasing potassium application level, the winter hardiness of pasture species increased. 3. The forage yield of pasture species was more increased in legume single seeding than grass single and mixed seeding by higher potassium application. 4. The $K_2O$ content in forage was increased markedly by increasing potassium application level on grass single block. 5. The results obtained from this experiment indicated that potassium application level much effective on the winter hardiness of pasture species and forage yield specially in legume single seeding and adequate amount of potassium would be 20kg per 10a in this area.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.164-169
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• 1999

This study was carried out in an attempt to select chemicals such as zeolite granules, chitosan, wood-vinegar, $Ca(OCl)_2$, NaOCl, against bacterial brown blotch caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii on Flammulina velutipes in laboratory and mushroom unit. Results obtained using these chemicals were summarized. Inhibitory effect on $Ca(OCl)_2$ and wood-vinegar with 0.5% concentration was shown to caual pathogen, P. tolaasii, by slight damage on the mycelial growth of F. velutipes. Those materials were recognized as promising one for control of bacterial brown bloth on F. velutipes. Disease incidence in control was the highest value as 43.8%; whereas chemical treatment was estimated as 14.6% with 0.5% of $Ca(OCl)_2$. Disease incidence was inhibited about 20% in chemical treatment with 0.5% of wood-vinegar, 1.0% of $Ca(OCl)_2$, and 26.1% with 1.0% of wood-vinegar. For the inhibition effects of chemical concentrations, it was effective at the low concentration which was 0.5% rather than that of 1.0%. Quality of mushrooms was significantly improved, and yields was also increased by 30% in the chemical treatment. In case of $Ca(OCl)_2$ treatment at 1.0% concentration, the yields was increased by 35.6% showed the highest value among tested chemicals. However, the overall effects including disease incidence, quality and yields suggests that $Ca(OCl)_2$ is relatively more effective than wood-vinegar, and the optimal concentration controlling the disease was $0.5{\sim}1.0%$ with $Ca(OCl)_2$ and 0.5% with wood-vinegar.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Field studies were conducted from the years 2009 to 2012 in order to determine the cultivation limit as well as to evaluate the characteristics and forage production of warm season grass in Korea. Two bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars, two bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars and a Kleingrass [Panicum coloratum L.] cultivar were compared for forage production and quality in the mid-southern regions of Korea. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The number of days to seedling emergence for bremudagrass and bahiagrass was observed as approximately 12 days and 28 days after seeding, respectively. In Kwangju, the heading dates of bahiagrass and kleingrass were 21 August and 10 July, respectively,. Warm season grass did not winter in the mid-regions (Kimjea, Cheonan) of Korea. All of the Bermudagrass cultivars had higher dry matter (DM) than bahiagrass at the first harvest. The dry matter yield of kleingrass was usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. Peak forage DM production of bermudagrass and bahiagrass cultivars occurred in June and July, respectively. The contents of crude protein (CP) and total digestibility nutrient (TDN) for bermudagrass cultivars were usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. Further, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were similar across all cultivars.