• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a breast feeding program for mothers of premature infants. The program was applied and its effect was evaluated on stress, knowledge and breastfeeding behaviors of premature infant mothers. Method: This study employed a one group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design. The data were collected from 17 participants from August 15 to October 24, 2004, at a N1CU at D University Medical Center located in Susan, Korea. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, SD, and t-test using SPSS version 10. Result: After the program, participants significantly showed a greater level of knowledge than before the program (t=-5.750, p=.000). No statistically significant differences in stress level scores were found (t=1.453, p=.153). The breastfeeding practice rate was 94.1%: Conclusion: This educational program using a handbook and video had a positive effect on increasing knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among premature infant mothers. It is suggested that this study be replicated with a larger sample size to compare group responses.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1162-1165
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• 2005

Purpose : The objective of this survey was to develop an operational plan for breast feeding education. In order to comprehend current breast feeding patterns, we aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding breast feeding of mothers and to compare the data with a similar study done 6 years ago. Methods : A total of 127 mothers who delivered healthy babies at Ewha Womans University Dongdaemun Hospital were interviewed and asked to complete a survey on their perception of breast feeding during their postpartum stay in the hospital. A follow up phone interview was carried out at 1, 2 and 3 months after delivery and similar questions were asked. Results : At the time of delivery, 96.1 percent of mothers planned to breast feed, including 73.2 percent of exclusive breast feeding and 22.8 percent of mixed feeding. The duration of breast feeding planned was mostly 7-12 months. Breast feeding had been recommended by family members. Between 1-3 months, exclusive breast feeding was maintained at least 50 percent but a large number of mothers who had practiced mixed feeding changed to formula feeding. This trend demonstrates an increase in the rate of breast feeding at 3 months compared to a similar study done in 1999. The main reasons for discontinuing breast feeding were insufficient amount of milk(35.0 percent) and return to work(27.5 percent). Conclusion : Breast feeding rate has increased in Korea since 1999 but failure to continue exclusive breast feeding still occurs mainly within the first month after delivery. Breast feeding education should focus on supportive care to mothers practicing mixed feeding.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effects of prenatal breast self-massage education on first-time mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding adaptation, and breastfeeding practice. Method: The experimental group (n=26) received prenatal breast self-massage education focused on self mamma care (SMC) at 34-36 weeks gestation and 2 weeks later face-to-face. The control group (n=25) was recruited immediately following birth and received usual care. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured 4 hours after childbirth and 3 days later, and breastfeeding practice, breastfeeding adaptation, and breastfeeding-related characteristics were measured 2 weeks and 4 weeks after childbirth through online survey. The data were analyzed by $x^2$ test and t-test using SPSS/WIN 24.0. Results: There was no significant difference in breastfeeding self-efficacy of the experimental group at 4 hours after childbirth (t=0.83, p=.410) whereas it was statistically significantly higher at 3 days postpartum (t=2.86, p=.006). There were no significant differences in breastfeeding adaptation between the two groups at both 2 weeks (t=1.76, p=.084) and 4 weeks postpartum (t=0.87, p=.388). For breastfeeding practice a statistically significant difference was found at 4 weeks for the experimental group ($x^2=4.77$, p=.036). Conclusion: This antenatal SMC intervention was found to be a feasible intervention for use in clinical practice.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.68-87
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breast-feeding education program on the promotion of mothers's feeding compliance during the 4 months after childbirth. A nonequivalent control group posttest design was used. Eighty-nine pregnant women at their 32 more weeks of gestation receiving antenatal care at the Chonnam University Hospital Obstetrics Clinic were assigned to the experimental group. Control group was ninety-nine pregnant women over 32wks of gestation receiving antenatal care at the Kwangju Christianity Hospital Obstetric Clinic during the same period. Breast-feeding education program was introduced to the experimental group from antepartal visit to 4 months after childbirth. Data were collected primarily via telephone interview on the 7th day, the end of 1 month and the 4 months after childbirth respectively. The results showed that 1) the frequency of breast-feeding continuation promoting behaviors was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) The rates of mothers' compliance during the 4 months after childbirth in the experimental group demonstrated a significant difference ; much higher rate of mothers' compliance than control group. Conclusively, the breast-feeding education program increase the rate of mothers' compliance and duration of breast-feeding.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2010

Purpose: This research was aimed to investigate the effect of postpartum breastfeeding support on breastfeeding rates. Methods: The participants of this study were 43 mothers who admitted to the delivery room of a university hospital which was selected as a Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in Daegu. Data collection period was from September 17, 2008 to September 20, 2009. Twenty three mothers were assigned to the experimental group and 20 mothers, to the control group. During hospitalization, breastfeeding education was given to the both groups. But postpartum breastfeeding support by nurse's phone call to the experimental group was provided once a week for 4 weeks postpartum. Data regarding breastfeeding rates at postpartum 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks and 3 months were collected by phone call. Results: The breastfeeding rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at postpartum week 2, 3, 4 and 3 months. Conclusion: Postpartum breastfeeding support may be a useful intervention to increase breastfeeding rate and the first month is the most important time to establish breastfeeding.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.635-641
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• 2003

Purpose : To investigate the success rate and factors that influence breast-feeding among women having antenatal breast-feeding plans. Methods : Questionnaires included items on success in breast-feeding, reasons for failure and perinatal factors. It was done by telephone calls to 152 randomly selected women having antenatal breast-feeding plans at 4 months after delivery. The questionnaires were analysed by bivariate ${\chi}^2$-analysis. Results : The breast-feeding rate for the first four months among women having antenatal breast-feeding plans was 37.5%. The major reason for breast-feeding failure was insufficient amount of breast milk(66.3%). The breast-feeding rate was 2.3(95% CI 1.15-4.62) times higher in women having antenatal breast-feeding plans for longer than 4 months(P<0.05), but maternal age, breast-feeding for previous baby, person advocating breast-feeding, and family size were not significant factors of success in breast-feeding. The breast-feeding rate of graduates of college was 0.43(95% CI 0.21-0.86) times lower than that of graduates of high school. The breast-feeding rate of employed mothers was 0.37(95% CI 0.17-0.83) times lower than that of housewives(P<0.05). Maternal disease, smoking, alcohol drinking, and understanding and knowledge about breast-feeding were not significant determinant factors of success in breast-feeding. Breast-feeding rate of infant born at local obstetric clinics was 3.97(95% CI 11-14.23) times higher than that of infant at general hospital(P<0.05). Conclusion : To increase the breast-feeding, medical personnel should educate mothers on problems during breast-feeding. Hospital polices that facilitate breast-feeding such as rooming-in must be promoted. For employed mothers, strategies for breast-feeding within companies must be encouraged.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.172-179
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the professional nurse's postpartum breast-feeding support on breast-feeding prevalence for mothers who delivered in Baby-Friendly Hospitals (BFH). Methods: This quasi experimental study was designed with a nonequivalent control group post test. The subjects of this study were 55 mothers who were hospitalized in the delivery room of a university hospital which was selected as a BFH in Daegu from October 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006. Twenty nine mothers were assigned to the experimental group and 26 mothers to the control group. Postpartum breast-feeding support by nurses' telephone calls to the experimental group was provided once a week for 4 weeks postpartum and then once a month for 16 weeks postpartum. Four post tests were given at postpartum week 8, 12, and 16. The control group was given a telephone call at postpartum week 4, 8, 12, and 16. Results: The breast-feeding prevalence of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group for each period. Conclusion: Postpartum breast-feeding support by nurses may be a useful intervention to increase breast-feeding prevalence.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.395-413
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• 2015

This study aims to observe the impact of mothers' child-rearing stress on the development of 3-month-old, breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding infants. For this purpose, a survey based on the K-ASQ scale was conducted on a sample of 533 3-month-old infants and their mothers in the Seoul and Kyeong-gi area. The results of the study are as follows. First, breastfeeding mothers felt less child-rearing stress than their non-breastfeeding counterparts, especially in parent-role stress. Second, breastfeeding infants exhibited a better personal sociality than non-breastfeeding infants. Third, it was found that mothers' child-rearing stress had an impact on all aspects of infant development in breastfeeding infants, and especially in the development of communicational skills, having an impact of 12.4%. However, in non-breastfeeding infants, mothers' child-rearing stress had an impact only on communication and personal sociality development and exhibited a nonsignificant impact on other aspects. Lastly, it was found that mothers' parent-role stress, out of all aspects of child-rearing stress, was the main factor of negative impact on infant development in both breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding infants. Based on the results of this study, I have suggested family-level and society-level support measures to reduce mothers' parent-role stress and promote breastfeeding.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of individual postpartum breast-feeding education on adaptation, attitude and practice of breast-feeding in primiparas. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent design was used to examine the effects of individual postpartum breast-feeding education among primiparas. The data were analyzed using $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and paired t-test. Results: There was a significant difference in breast-feeding adaptation (t=-12.94, p<.001), breast-feeding attitude (t=-2.71, p=.011) and breast-feeding practice ($x^2$=16.47, p<.001) between the group education (experimental group I) and individual education after group education (experimental group II). Conclusion: The results indicate that individual education on breast-feeding compared to group education has more positive effects on increasing breast-feeding adaptation, attitude and practice in primiparas. This result also indicates that many primiparas should be given opportunities of various types of education to improve breast-feeding practice such as individual approaches and postpartum breast-feeding education programs.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the condition, recognition of breast feeding of 273 nurses. Method: Data was collected using a structured questionnaire form April to June 2007. The subjects were 273 nurses in Kyunggido. The data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test procedures using SPSS/WIN 12.0 PC. Result: There are 23.9% of child day care center, 5.2% of rest room for women, 16.8% of breast feeding room in workplace. Rate of breast-feeding practice was 78.4% of nurses. The reasons why they could not perform the breast-feeding include mother's job(45.4%), lacking breast milk(25.8%). The characteristics of nurses found to be related breast-feeding include age, number of employers. Conclusion: The results showed that the rest supports of the work environment was insufficient to perform breast-feeding in the workplace. These results suggest that nursing intervention for employed mother's breast-feeding practice behavior promotion should focus on characteristics influencing factors on workplace. Also, efficient breast-feeding education program for employed mothers should be developed by continuous qualitative researches based on breast-feeding experiences of employed mothers.