• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2009

With recent trends of super-tallness, atypical plan shapes and zoning constructions in high-rise buildings, a structural stability of the building under construction is arising as a key issue for design and construction plan. To ensure the structural stability under construction, the differential column shortening of vertical members, the lateral displacement of tower frames, and differential settlement of raft foundation by unbalanced distributions of a tower self-weight before the completion of a lateral load resisting system should be checked by construction sequence analysis, which should be performed by systematic combinations with structural health monitoring, construction compensation program, and construction panning. This paper presents the scheme of zone-based construction sequence analysis by using the existing commercial analysis program, to check the stability of high-rise building under construction. This scheme is applied to 3-dimensional structural analysis for a real high-rise building under construction. The analysis includes real construction zoning plans and schedules as well as creep and shrinkage effects and time-dependent properties of concrete. The simplified construction sequence and assumed material properties were continuously updated with the change on construction schedule and correlations with in-situ measurement data.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.803-814
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• 2022

The Lao government is continuously developing hydro-power dams in addition to the existing eight power plants in the Nam Ngum River basin and is expanding the power capacity of the existing power plants to meet the expected increase in electricity demand. Accordingly, the Lao government has requested an update on the existing reservoir operating rule curve in order to run the power plants efficiently. To this end, this study reviewed the current independent operating system as well as the joint operating system in order to maximize the annual power generation produced by a power plant by using CSUDP, general-purpose dynamic programming (DP) software. The appropriate operating regulation curve forms (URC/LRC, MRC) were extracted from the DP results, and the annual power generations were simulated by inputting them as the basic operating data of the reservoir operation set of the HEC-ResSim program. By synthesizing the amount of the annual power generation simulated, the existing operation regulation curve, the operational performance, and the opinion of the field operator, the optimal reservoir operation regulation curves that maximize the annual power generation of the target power plant were developed. Results revealed that a system operating in conjunction with the reservoir produces about 2.5 % more power generation than an independent reservoir due to the synergistic effect of the connection.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.488-502
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the factors influencing Nutrition Quotient for adults (NQ-A), focusing on workers in the manufacturing industry. Methods: The participants were 738 industrial workers in Gwangju. Their dietary information was analyzed using a questionnaire of NQ-A, which consisted of 21 checklist items and the general characteristics of the subjects. The scores of NQ-A and its 4 factors (balance, moderation, diversity, and dietary behavior) were calculated according to the general characteristics of subjects. The data were analyzed using a χ² test, t-test, correlation, and multiple regression using SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The mean NQ-A score was 45.3 for the total subjects, indicating a low grade. Non-shift workers showed significantly higher scores for balance, diversity, and moderation factors than shift workers. Forty-three (8.7%) shift workers and 123 (50.8%) non-shift workers had good NQ-A scores, whereas 453 (91.3%) shift workers and 119 (49.2%) non-shift workers required monitoring for nutrition. The significant influencing factors of NQ-A were the working pattern (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), family composition (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and household income (p < 0.001). As a result of multiple regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the NQ-A score for moderation (F = 141.930, p < 0.001), diversity (F = 98.998, p < 0.001), balance (F = 52.329, p < 0.001), and dietary behavior (F = 12.895, p < 0.001). As a result, shift work and gender had the greatest influence on the balance (β = -0.372, p < 0.001), diversity (β = -0.316, p < 0.001), and moderation (β = -0.507, p < 0.001) factors in NQ-A. Gender had the most influence on the dietary behavior in NQ-A. Conclusion: Shift work and gender were significant factors affecting NQ-A. To manage workers' health better, it will be necessary to prepare a nutrition education program according to the type of working pattern and gender.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the users' behaviors and to suggest development strategies in Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta) eco-forest(UKPEF), which is located in Kyeongbuk. The data were collected by interviewing 122 visitors to september 3 from august 29, 2007 with a constructed questionnaire. The results of the analysis are as follows. 1. The major visitors of UKPEF are male and the age between 20 to 30, the residents of the Uljin county with relatively high academic background. 2. The motive of visiting UKPEF is mainly by the beauty and taste of Kumgang pine tree and the condition of the forest. The visitors are mainly composed of family, not big group. 3. The visitors of UKPEF have obtained information about the Kumgang fine tree forest mainly from friends, not from the internet or travel agency. 4. The visitors of UKPEF pointed out lack of convenient facilities such as toilets and water-supply facilities. However, visitors are satisfied by the condition of the forest. 5. The visitors of UKPEF set a high value on Kumgang fine tree, So, more active marketing strategy about Uljin Kumgang pine tree has to be established. 6. The visitors of UKPEF are more satisfied by the Uljin Kumgang pine tree forest than expected. The development strategies of UKPEF are suggest as follows. (1) Auto tram system has to be set up and new trail should be constructed to attract more visitors and people of other regions. (2) To attract group tourists, new program should be developed. (3) Advertisement through internet or travel agency has to be developed. (4) Government(local) should make a plan to register the forest as World natural heritage. (5) Monitoring and evaluation system has to be developed to satisfy tourists. In conclusion, the efforts of taking care of and preserving the UKPEF should be made at the national level. I hope that more Koreans can have chance to feel and experience the value and excellence ofthe Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta)

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2011

For effective water quality management, it is necessary to secure reliable water quality information. There are many variables that need to be included in a comprehensive practical monitoring network : representative sampling locations, suitable sampling frequencies, water quality variable selection, and budgetary and logistical constraints are examples, especially sampling location is considered to be the most important issues. Until now, monitoring network design for water quality management was set according to the qualitative judgments, which is a problem of representativeness. In this paper, we propose network design system for optimal water quality monitoring using the scientific statistical techniques. Network design system is made based on the SAS program of version 9.2 and configured with simple input system and user friendly outputs considering the convenience of users. It applies to Excel data format for ease to use and all data of sampling location is distinguished to sheet base. In this system, time plots, dendrogram, and scatter plots are shown as follows: Time plots of water quality variables are graphed for identifying variables to classify sampling locations significantly. Similarities of sampling locations are calculated using euclidean distances of principal component variables and dimension coordinate of multidimensional scaling method are calculated and dendrogram by clustering analysis is represented and used for users to choose an appropriate number of clusters. Scatter plots of principle component variables are shown for clustering information with sampling locations and representative location.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2003

This paper is an overview of research contributions by the authors to the use of compression techniques to handle high resolution, multi-spectral images. Originally developed in the remote sensing context, the same techniques are here applied to food and medical images. The objective is to point out the potential of this kind of processing in different contexts such as remote sensing, food monitoring, and medical imaging and to stimulate new research exploitations. Compression is based on the simple assumption that it is possible to find out a relationship between pixels close one each other in multi-spectral images it translates to the possibility to say that there is a certain degree of correlation within pixels belonging to the same band in a close neighbourhood. Once found a correlation based on certain coefficient on one band, the coefficients of this relationship are, in turn, quite probably, similar to the ones calculated in one of the other bands. Based upon this second observation, an algorithm was developed, able to reduce the number of bit/pixel from 16 to 4 in satellite remote sensed multi-spectral images. A comparison is carried out between different methods about their speed and compression ratio. As reference it was taken the behaviour of three common algorithms, LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch), Huffman and RLE (Run Length Encoding), as they are used in common graphic format such as GIF, JPEG and PCX. The Presented methods have similar results in both speed and compression ratio to the commonly used programs and are to be preferred when the decompression must be carried out on line, inside a main program or when there is the need of a custom made compression algorithm.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2 s.53
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• pp.185-195
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• 2006

환경오염물질로부터 수생태계 보호를 위한 표준적인 평가 및 관리 수단인 수질환경기준은 오염물질의 독성작용이 일어나는 표적기관에서의 오염물질의 농도에 대한 대체측정치로서 환경 내 오염물질의 농도를 이용해 왔다. 이러한 '외부환경농도에 기반한 접근방법'은 표적기관에서의 독성물질의 농도가 생물체내 농도에 비례하고, 결국 외부환경농도에도 비례할 것이라고 가정한다. 따라서 환경오염물질의 생물이용도나 생물축적 양상의 차이 때문에 고유 독성치를 비교 평가하는데 한계가 있다. 이와 달리 '생물체내 농도에 기반한 접근방법(이하 생체잔류량 접근법)'은 환경오염물질의 생물이용도나 종 특이적 생물축적 양상과 관련된 불확실성을 제거하고, 환경오염물질 고유의 독성을 비교 평가할 수 있게 해준다. 특히 생체잔류량 접근법을 독성동태학 및 독성역학 모델과 함께 사용하는 경우는 실제 현장에서 일어나는 복잡한 노출조건에서의 독성영향을 예측하는데 활용할 수 있다. '생체잔류량 접근법'은 독성기작별 임계잔류량(Critical Body Residue)을 결정함으로써 생물모니터링의 결과를 해석하는데 적용되고 있다. 또한 생태위해성평가를 위해서 필요한 '무영향예측농도(Predicted No-effect Concentration, PNEC)를 예측하기 위한 방법으로 생체 내 잔류량에 기반해서 농도-시간-반응관계를 기술하고, 예측할 수 있는 새로운 유형의 독성역학 및 독성동태학 모델을 제시하고, 생체내 '무영향농도(No Effect Concentration, NEC)'를 추정하게 해 준다. 특히 생체내 NEC는 '무영향관찰농도(No Observed Effect Concentration, NOEC)'와 '영향농도(Effect Concentration, EC)'처럼 분산분석이나 회귀분석모델과 같은 통계적 모델에 기반해서, 농도-반응관계만을 기술할 뿐인 기존 독성모델을 대체할 대안으로 최근에 OECD와 ISO에 의해서 추천되었다.분석을 시행한 결과 인지기능 장애정도 및 MMSEK 점수 증가에 따른 사망위험도는 어느 모형에서도 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 위험도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(표 6, 표 7). 이상 본 연구는 농촌지역 노인들에서 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였지만, 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 통계적으로 유의하게 고찰하지 못하였다.의한 차이를 보였다. (P<0.05, P<0.001) 5. Excelco로 부식처리된 도재가 5% HF 용액으로 부식처리된 도재보다 부식정도가 더 현저하였다.은 제언을 하고자 한다. 먼저, 학교급식에 대한 식단 작성 시 학생들이 학교에서 제공되기 원하는 식단에 대한 의견을 받고 그 의견에 대한 결과를 게시하여 학생들이 제공되기 원하는 식단을 급식 시 제공하여 학생들이 식단선택에 동참할 수 있는 기회를 주는 것이 바람직하겠다. 또한 영양사는 학급의 반대표와의 정기적인 모임을 가짐으로서 학생들의 불만사항 및 개선 요구사항에대해 서로 의견을 교환하여 설문지조사가 아닌 직접적인 대화를 하여 문제점을 파악하고자 하는 적극적인 자세가 필요하겠다. 특히 아침식사의 결식 빈도가 높았고 이는 급식성과에 부정적인 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라 학교에서 제공하는 음식의 섭취정도에도 영향을 주고 있으므로 학생들에게 학부모와 전담교사 및 학교영양사는 학생들에게 이상적인 아침식사에 대한 교육은 물론이고 아침식사를 실천할 수 있도록 다양한 방안에 대해 함께 연구해야 하겠다. 정부차원에서 학교급식에 아침식사 프로그램을 도입할 수 있는 방안을 연구하고, 아침을 결식하는 학생이 학교에서 수업시작 하기 전에 간단한 식사를 할 수 있는 정책 도입이 필요하다acid의 생성량(生成量)을 측정(測定)하였는데 periodate의 소비량(消費量)은 1.23 mole, formic acid의 생성량(生成量)은 0.78 mole이다.한 경우도 비교적 많이 먹고 있었다(24.3%). 남 여

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2007

The purpose of urodynamic investigation is to determine information on the function of the urinary system. One of the most frequently used measurement procedures in urodynamics is filling and voiding cystometry using invasive method. But in this method transurethral catheter is use and it makes patients uncomfortable. The aim of this study was to implement the system that could evaluate the function of urinary tract with noninvasive and comfortable method. Therefor in this study, a sensor and measuring system were implemented to measure uroflow, urophonography and noninvasive bladder pressure signal during urination for diagnosing the LUTS(lower urinary tract symptoms) using noninvasive method. The implemented system compose of the sensor parts, signal conditioning parts, system control parts using FPGA and PC monitoring program. For the evaluation of the implemented system, the simulation of system's control part was performed and the model system for the lower urinary system was designed. From the evaluation of the model system, the mean error rate of the uroflow measurement part was 1.08% and coefficient of variation was 1,48. And the mean error rate of the noninvasive bladder pressure measurement part was 2.41% and coefficient of variation was 2.81. urophongraphy signal analysis was accomplished in a time domain and frequency domain. Average RMS power was used in a time domain analysis, and MF was used in a frequency domain analysis. From the evaluation of the model system average RMS power and MF was dependent on the occlusion degree significantly and median frequency range of $60{\sim}160Hz$ was correlated with the occlusion.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.64-77
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• 2021

Objective: Biological monitoring of trace elements in human blood samples has become an important indicator of the health environment. The purpose of this study was to detect and evaluate multiple metal items in blood samples based on ICP-MS, to perform comparative evaluation with the existing analysis method, and to develop and verify a new method. Methods: 100 μL of whole blood from 80 healthy subjects was used to analyze ten metals (Sb, tAs, Cd, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Tl) using ICP-MS. Verification of the analysis method included calculation of linearity, accuracy, precision and detection limits. In addition, a comparative test with the conventional graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) method was performed. In the case of Pb, Cd, and Hg in whole blood, cross-analysis between Pb, Cd, and Hg analysis methods was performed to confirm the difference between the existing method and the new method (ICP-MS). Results: The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.999 or higher in seven items and 0.995 or higher in three items. The Pb result showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient was very high at 0.983, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.966. The Cd result showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.917 between the existing method and the new analysis concentration value. Its intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.960, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Hg had a low correlation at 0.687, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.761, which was lower than that of Pb and Cd. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy of Pd and Cd were satisfactory, but Hg did not meet the criteria for both accuracy and precision when compared with the conventional analysis method. Conclusion: This study can be meaningful in that it proposes a more efficient and feasible analysis method by verifying a blood heavy metal concentration experiment using multiple simultaneous analyses. All samples were processed and analyzed using the new ICP-MS. It was confirmed that the agreement between the two methods was very high, with the agreement between the current and new methods being 0.769 to 0.998. This study proposes an efficient simultaneous methodology capable of analyzing multiple elements with small samples. In the future, studies of various applications and the reliability of ICP-MS analysis methods are required, and research on the verification of accurate, precise, and continuous analysis methods is required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2020

This study aims to implement the Sustainability Evaluation Framework of Korea Natural Parks to county parks in Gyeongsangnam-do, and to review the performance status of management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) and identify factors that influence the improvement of management effectiveness in protected areas. County park officers evaluated current management using this framework that was developed based on the MEE framework designed by the Korean Ministry of Environment. Among the principal values of county parks, 'natural and ecological' is indicated as the most important, followed by 'cultural and historic value' and 'leisure and recreation'. Natural disasters and climate change, visitor impact-inappropriate visitor behavior are indicated as current threats, and three county parks administrators viewed that there was no particular threat to their park. According to MEE results, the most effective management fields were 'State of cultural and historic value', 'State of leisure and recreational value', 'Current state of principal value'. The comparatively weaker fields were 'Threatened species management', 'Invasive species management', 'Management monitoring and evaluation'. The effects of sustainable management on county parks were analyzed through a regression analysis, and the influence of management factors reveal 'Annual budget', will impact attaining higher management scores. This study presents the current management information about county parks and provides support for the basis for the planning of county parks in Korea, suggesting the influencing factor.