• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.199-205
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• 1998

In human intestine, more than 100 species of bacteria reside and dietary factors may alter the bacterial flora which produce bacterial enzymatic activities. Especially ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase activities in colon are closely associated with occurrence of colon cancer. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of traditional herbal food extracts on these intestinal bacterial enzymes are measured. The results of this study showed that Zizyphi fructus and Glycyrrhiziae radix decreased not only ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase productions of human intestinal bacteria but also inhibited potently ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase. Among solvent-extracted fraction of tested herbal foods, ether fraction of Glycyrrhiziae radix and ethylacetate fraction of Zizyphi fructus inhibited potently ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanse. Thus, ethylacetate fraction of Zizyphi fructus separated six components by silica gel column chromatography. The component having Rf=0.34 and Rf=0.43 $(developing\;solvent,\;CHCl_3/MeOH\;(3:1))$ shwed the highest inhibitory effect of ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase among them.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.644-652
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Resonance frequency analysis is evaluated as the non-invasive and objective method for the evaluation of implant stability and has been increasingly used. It is necessary to evaluate the factors affect the ISQ measurement stability. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the autoclave sterilization and reuse of $Smartpeg^{TM}$ on ISQ measurement. Material and methods: $SmartPeg^{TM}$ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd., $G\ddot{o}teborg$, Sweden) of autoclave group (A) was autoclave sterilized 9 times and $Smartpeg^{TM}$ of reuse group (R) was reused 9 times. Ten $SmartPeg^{TM}s$ were allocated to each group and after each autoclave sterilization and reuse, implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measured 3 times from the two directions a and b at a right angle. $Osstell^{TM}$ mentor (Integration Diagnostics Ltd. $G\ddot{o}teborg$, Sweden) was used and type 1 (article no. 100353) $Smartpeg^{TM}$ was selected according to $Smartpeg^{TM}$ reference list. Osstem Implant US II future (Osstem Co., Seoul, Korea) in $4.0mm{\times}11.5mm$ was embedded in the self-curing acrylic resin ($Orthojet^{(R)}$, Lang Dental, U.S.A.). Data was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA $({\alpha}=.05)$ and scheffe test was done where a significant difference exist. Correlation test was also done between ISQ value and the number of autoclave sterilization or reuse. Results: 1. In autoclave group, the means and sd. of ISQ value before autoclave sterilization were $84.97{\pm}0.41,\;84.93{\pm}0.74$ at direction a and b. There was significant differences between autoclave groups at direction a and b (P=.000). 2. In reuse group, the means and sd. of ISQ value before reuse were $85.40{\pm}0.62,\;85.50{\pm}0.57$ at direction a and b. There was no significant difference between reuse groups at direction a and b (P>.05). 3. There was a weak positive correlation between the number of reuse and ISQ value at direction a and b (${\gamma}=.207$ and .246, P<.01). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn. Till ninth reuse of $Smartpeg^{TM}$, the ISQ measurement stability did not be affected. After twice autoclave sterilization of $Smartpeg^{TM}$ the ISQ measurement stability was affected.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.653-664
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The screw detorque value is a measure of the preload remaining in the screw just before detorquing. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of different screw tightening sequences and tightening methods on detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure. Material and method: An implant superstructure that connected directly to four implants (Astra Tech) was fabricated on a fully edentulous mandibular acrylic resin model. Six well-fitting dental stone casts were made with a pickup impression of the superstructure from the acrylic resin model. To evaluate the effect of three screw tightening sequences (1-2-3-4, 2-4-3-1, and 2-3-1-4) and two tightening methods (2-step and 1-step) on the stability of screw joint, the detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure were measured twice after screw tightening using 20 Ncm. Detorque values were analyzed using multi-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis of variance at a .05 level of significance. Results: 1. The mean detorque values for three screw tightening sequences were 12.3 Ncm, 12.6 Ncm, and 12.0 Ncm, respectively. 2. The mean detorque values for two screw tightening methods were 12.0 Ncm, and 12.2 Ncm, respectively. 3. The mean of mimimum detorque values for three screw tightening sequences and for two tightening methods were 10.6 Ncm, 11.1 Ncm, 10.5 Ncm, and 9.8 Ncm, respectively. 4. No statistically significant differences among the variables of screw tightening sequence and tightening method were found (p>.05) for detorque values and for mimimum detorque values. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the screw tightening sequence and tightening method did not have a significant effect on the detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Currently Korean government is rushing the new electronic government system introduced as 'platform e-government' with big data and cloud computing technologies and systems, ultimately intending to provide the public institution services customized from the integrated counter or window for the heterogeneous resident services. In this regard, this study suggested how to design the new metadata information system in which mutual integration of information systems can take place, where heterogeneous services can be shared efficiently at the application and data unit, as a separate application that can provide a single one- stop service for residents' petition at the integrated level in the back-office based on the public data in possession of each of government ministries and related organizations. If this proposed system is implemented, the achievement of customized public service can be advanced one step forward in processing the petitions of the residents by organically connected link between 'Demand Chain' and 'Supply Chain' in the integrated window. In other words, it could be made possible through the unification of both the 'Supply Chain' performed in the office space of the officials at the back-office level and the 'Demand Chain' performed in the living space of the residents at the front-office level.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.82-90
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• 1999

The buddhistic painting of Song-Kwang temple in Seungjoo-gun, Chonnam, Korea is not known in chronicle, but it could be estimated to works in the early 19th century through it's remaining records and qualities of materials. And it was analysed the qualities of materials consisting of pigment layer, silken-ground layer and support layer in order to preserve buddhistic painting, made back-adherent paper of the support layer proper to it, tested its compatibility, and then concluded as follows. 1. The section structures of buddhistic painting is consisted of the pigment layer, silken-ground layer of silk and the support layer of Korean hand made paper, it could be recognized that buddhistic painting in 19th century was basically composed of the pigment layer, the silken-ground layer and the support layer. Moreover the pigment layer and the silken-ground layer got adhered with glue, and sheets of support layers got back adhered with paste. 2. The support layer of buddhistic painting consisted of 5 layers and two kinds of paper were used for them. The first and second layers were composed of Korean hand made paper made of pure paper mulberry bast fibers, and the rest of them of paper that paper mulberry bast fibers were mixed into recycled hemp fibers. Though it is difficult to assert without the security of more data, finding out the then situation through the qualities of materials, it was presumed that the society in 19th century was suffered from economical difficulties and the operation of the paper industry of temples was rather difficult and so low-qualitative recycled hemp fibers might used for back-adherent paper. 3. Considering tension between silken-ground layers and support layers of this materials, newly made back-adherent paper was used for repair, and then I could conform that it was proper to back-adherent paper for repair.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.671-687
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• 2019

This study evaluates the long-term seasonal predictability of summer (June, July and August) heatwaves over South Korea using 30-year (1989~2018) Hindcast data of the Pusan National University Coupled General Circulation Model (PNU CGCM)-Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) chain. Heatwave indices such as Number of Heatwave days (HWD), Heatwave Intensity (HWI) and Heatwave Warning (HWW) are used to explore the long-term seasonal predictability of heatwaves. The prediction skills for HWD, HWI, and HWW are evaluated in terms of the Temporal Correlation Coefficient (TCC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Skill Scores such as Heidke Skill Score (HSS) and Hit Rate (HR). The spatial distributions of daily maximum temperature simulated by WRF are similar overall to those simulated by NCEP-R2 and PNU CGCM. The WRF tends to underestimate the daily maximum temperature than observation because the lateral boundary condition of WRF is PNU CGCM. According to TCC, RMSE and Skill Score, the predictability of daily maximum temperature is higher in the predictions that start from the February and April initial condition. However, the PNU CGCM-WRF chain tends to overestimate HWD, HWI and HWW compared to observations. The TCCs for heatwave indices range from 0.02 to 0.31. The RMSE, HR and HSS values are in the range of 7.73 to 8.73, 0.01 to 0.09 and 0.34 to 0.39, respectively. In general, the prediction skill of the PNU CGCM-WRF chain for heatwave indices is highest in the predictions that start from the February and April initial condition and is lower in the predictions that start from January and March. According to TCC, RMSE and Skill Score, the predictability is more influenced by lead time than by the effects of topography and/or terrain feature because both HSS and HR varies in different leads over the whole region of South Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.198-202
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• 2006

Purpose : Fas is a cell surface receptor that transduces apoptotic death signals. Interaction of extracelluar domain of Fas with Fas ligand(FasL) triggers the apoptotic process in many diseases. We investigated the expression of Fas and FasL in the hippocampus of 7-day-old newborn rat brains following hypoxia-ischemia injury. Methods : The 7-days-old newborn rats were exposed to 8 percent oxygen for two hours after the ligation of right common carotid arteries. The newborn rats were killed and their brains were removed at 12, 14 and 48 hours after hypoxic-ischemic injury. The expressions of Fas and FasL of the right hippocampus were observed by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Results : Fas and FasL were strongly expressed in the right hippocampus ipsilateral to the ligation of the common carotid artery by western blotting at 12 hours following hypoxic-ischemic injury, and then slowly decreased. The immunofluorescent expressions of Fas and FasL strongly increased in the CA1 area of the right hippocampus at 12 and 24 hours following hypoxic-ischemic injury. The immunofluorescent expression of Fas decreased at 48 hours, but the expression of FasL persisted strongly at 48 hours following hypoxic-ischemic injury. Conclusion : The interaction of Fas with FasL on the cell surface may be involved in neuronal injury following hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

The stone lantern of the four guardian kings in the Beopjusa temple at Boeun was mainly made of biotite granodiorite consisting of porphyritic-textured potassium feldspar and included in ilmenite series. A base stone made of alkali granite was buried, after founded its place during an earlier restoration process. Cracking and break out are noticeable on this object. In addition, discoloration, salt crusting, and epiphytes were observed. The lantern was vulnerable in terms of physical and structural stability caused by cracking in the front and back of the light chamber and in the non-horizontal direction. According to the conservational condition of the stone lantern, structural reinforcement was carried out based on calculations, including those on the position, size, and anchor length of the titanium stiffener. Chemical and biological pollutants were washed off without damage to the surface of the stone material. Oxygenated iron pieces were replaced with titanium. Ethyl silicate was applied to the surface of the lantern for consolidation and smooth drainage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.503-508
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• 1990

Stews were prepared by 2 processes and 4 treatments, and stored for 3 different storage periods. The two processes were beef cooked in a stew and stored in a polyethylene container at $5^{\circ}C(P1)$ and in a barrier bag at $0^{\circ}C(P2)$. The four treatments were beef cooked alone (T1), with onions (T2), with carrots (T3) and with onions and carrots (T4). Stews in P1 were stored for 0, 2 and 4 days and stews in P2 were stored for 0, 2 and 4weeks. Cooking decreased the cephalin content by 39%. the lecithin content by 21% and most of the prolipid fatty acid concentrations as well as the fatty aldehyde levels in the phospholipids of beef from stew. Process or storage did not significantly affect the level of either phospholipids. however cooking beef with carrots seemed to exhibit some protection against hydrolysis of cephalin. P1 stews had a higher TBA-value (p<0.05) than P2 stews, and the TBA-value of P1 stews increased linearly during 4 days storage. The TBA-value was not affected (p<0.05) by treatment for any of the stews and did not change significantly during 4 weeks storage in P2 stews.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional teas on lipid levels in lead (Pb)-administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (rb-Con) and Pb-water extract of traditional teas (green tea: GWE, persimmon leaf: PWE, safflower seed: SWE, Solomon's seal: SSWE) groups. Pb intoxication was induced by administration lead acetate (25 mg/kg. BW, oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw traditional tea/g BWday for 4 weeks. Net weight gain and feed intake were significantly lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas they were tended to increase by traditional teas supplements. Both Plasma and hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were lower in the traditional teas supplemented groups compared to the Pb-Con group. Plasma VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased by Pb ad-ministration, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group. However, water extracts of green tea, persimmon leaf, safflower seed and solomon's seal supplementation improved changes of the plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in Pb administered rats.