References
- Ahn, J.-B., and J. L. Lee, 2015: Comparative study on the seasonal predictability dependency of boreal winter 2 m temperature and sea surface temperature on CGCM initial conditions. Atmosphere, 25, 353-366, doi:10.14191/Atmos.2015.25.2.353 (in Korean with English abstract).
- Ahn, J.-B., K.-M. Shim, M.-P. Jung, H.-G. Jeong, Y.-H. Kim, and E.-S. Kim, 2018a: Predictability of temperature over South Korea in PNU CGCM and WRF hindcast. Atmosphere, 28, 479-490, doi:10.14191/Atmos.2018.28.4.479 (in Korean with English abstract).
- Ahn, J.-B., J. Lee, and S. Jo, 2018b: Evaluation of PNU CGCM ensemble forecast system for boreal winter temperature over South Korea. Atmosphere, 28, 509-520, doi:10.14191/Atmos.2018.28.4.509 (in Korean with English abstract).
- Bonan, G. B., 1998: The land surface climatology of the NCAR Land Surface Model coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model. J. Climate, 11, 1307-1326. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1307:TLSCOT>2.0.CO;2
- Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: model implementation and sensitivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 569-585, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0569:CAALSH>2.0.CO;2.
- Colman, A., and M. Davey, 1999: Prediction of summer temperature, rainfall and pressure in Europe from preceding winter North Atlantic ocean temperature. Int. J. Climatol., 19, 513-536, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199904)19:5<513::AID-JOC370>3.0.CO;2-D.
- Della-Marta, P. M., J. Luterbacher, H. von Weissenfluh, E. Xoplaki, M. Brunet, and H. Wanner, 2007: Summer heat waves over Western Europe 1880-2003, their relationship to large-scale forcings and predictability. Clim. Dyn., 29, 251-275, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0233-1.
- Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<3077:NSOCOD>2.0.CO;2.
- Hajat, S., B. Armstrong, M. Baccini, A. Biggeri, L. Bisanti, A. Russo, A. Paldy, B. Menne, and T. Kosatsky, 2006: Impact of high temperatures on mortality: Is there an added heat wave effect?. Epidemiology, 17, 632-638, doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000239688.70829.63.
- Hong, S.-Y., and M. Kanamitsu, 2014: Dynamical downscaling: Fundamental issues from an NWP point of view and recommendations. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 83-104, doi:10.1007/s13143-014-0029-2.
- Hong, S.-Y., J. Dudhia, and S.-H. Chen, 2004: A Revised approach to ice microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 103-120, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0103:ARATIM>2.0.CO;2.
- Hong, S.-Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318-2341, doi:10.1175/MWR3199.1.
- Hunke, E. C., and J. K. Dukowicz, 1997: An Elastic-Viscous-Plastic model for sea ice dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1849-1867. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1849:AEVPMF>2.0.CO;2
- Im, E.-S., Y.-W. Choi, and J.-B. Ahn, 2017: Worsening of heat stress due to global warming in South Korea based on multi-RCM ensemble projections. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 11444-11461, doi:10.1002/2017JD026731.
- IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. T. F. Stocker et al. Eds., Cambridge University Press, 1535 pp.
- Kain, J. S., 2004: The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update. J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 170-181, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0170:TKCPAU>2.0.CO;2.
- Katsafados, P., A. Papadopoulos, G. Varlas, E. Papadopoulou, and E. Mavromatidis, 2014: Seasonal predictability of the 2010 Russian heat wave. Nat. hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1531-1542, doi:10.5194/nhess14-1531-2014.
- Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, G. B. Bonan, B. A. Boville, B. P. Briegleb, D. L. Williamson, and P. J. Rasch, 1996: Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3). NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-420+STR, 152 pp.
- Kim, H. J., S. M. Oh, and I. U. Chung, 2018: An empirical model approach for seasonal prediction of summer temperature in South Korea. J. Climate Res., 13, 17-35, doi:10.14383/cri.2018.13.1.17 (in Korean with English abstract).
- Kim, J.-A., K. R. Kim, C. C. Lee, S. C. Sheridan, L. S. Kalstein, and B.-J. Kim, 2016: Analysis of occurrence distribution and synoptic pattern of future heat waves in Korea. J. Climate Res., 11, 15-27, doi:10.14383/cri.2016.11.1.15 (in Korean with English abstract).
- KMA, 2019: Annual report for 2018 extreme climate. Korea Meteorological Administration, 198 pp (in Korean).
- Kosaka, Y., J. S. Chowdary, S.-P. Xie, Y.-M. Min, and J.-Y. Lee, 2012: Limitations of seasonal predictability for summer climate over East Asia and the northwestern Pacific, J. Climate, 25, 7574-7589, doi:10.1175/JCLID-12-00009.1.
- Kunkel, K. E., X.-Z. Liang, and J. Zhu, 2010: Regional climate model projections and uncertainties of U.S. summer heat waves. J. Climate, 23, 4447-4458, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3349.1.
- Lau, N.-C., and M. J. Nath, 2014: Model simulation and projection of European heat waves in present-day and future climates. J. Climate, 27, 3713-3730, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00284.1.
- Lee, W.-S., and M.-I. Lee, 2016: Interannual variability of heat waves in South Korea and their connection with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. Int. J. Climatol., 36, 4815-4830, doi:10.1002/joc.4671.
- Meehl, G. A., and W. M. Washington, 1995: Cloud albedo feedback and the super greenhouse effect in a global coupled GCM. Climate Dyn., 11, 399-411, doi:10.1007/BF00209514.
- Meehl, G. A., and C. Tebaldi, 2004: MoreiIntense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century, Science, 305, 994-997, doi:10.1126/science.1098704.
- Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough, 1997: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 102, 16663-16682, doi:10.1029/97JD00237.
- Pacanowski, R. C., and S. M. Griffies, 2000: MOM 3.0 Manual. NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, USA 08542, 708 pp.
- Paulson, C. A., 1970: The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 9, 857-861, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1970)009<0857:TMROWS>2.0.CO;2.
- Quesada, B., R. Vautard, P. Yiou, M. Hirschi, and S. I. Seneviratne, 2012: Asymmetric European summer heat predictability from wet and dry southern winters and springs. Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 736-741, doi:10.1038/nclimate1536.
- Ratnam, J. V., T. Doi, and S. K. Behera, 2017: Dynamical downscaling of SINTEX-F2v CGCM seasonal retrospective austral summer forecasts over Australia. J. Climate, 30, 3219-3235, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0585.1.
- Russo, S., and Coauthors, 2014: Magnitude of extreme heat waves in present climate and their projection in a warming world. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 12500-12512. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022098
- Skamarock, W. C., J. B. Klemp, J. Dudhia, D. O. Gill, D. M. Barker, M. G. Duda, X.-Y. Huang, W. Wang, and J. G. Powers, 2008: A description of the advanced research WRF version 3. NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN475+STR, 125 pp.
- Sun, J., and J.-B. Ahn, 2011: A GCM-based forecasting model for the landfall of tropical cyclones in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1049-1055, doi:10.1007/s00376-011-0122-8.
- Sun, J., and J.-B. Ahn, 2015: Dynamical seasonal predictability of the Arctic Oscillation using a CGCM. Int. J. Climatol., 35, 1342-1353, doi:10.1002/joc.4060.
- Teng, H., G. Branstator, H. Wang, G. A. Meehl, and W. M. Washington, 2013: Probability of US heat waves affected by a subseasonal planetary wave pattern. Nature Geosci., 6, 1056-1061, doi:10.1038/ngeo1988.
- Vautard, R., and Coauthors, 2013: The simulation of European heat waves from an ensemble of regional climate models within the EURO-CORDEX project. Climate Dyn., 41, 2555-2575, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1714-z.
- Wilks, D. S., 1995: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. Academic Press, 467 pp.
- Yin, H., and Y. Sun, 2018: Characteristics of extreme temperature and precipitation in China in 2017 based on ETCCDI indices. Adv. Climate Change Res., 9, 218-226, doi:10.1016/j.accre.2019.01.001.
- Zhang, X., L. Alexander, G. C. Hegerl, P. Jones, A. K. Tank, T. C. Peterson, B. Trewin, and F. W. Zwiers, 2011: Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data. WIREs Clim. Change, 2, 851-870, doi:10.1002/wcc.147.