• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

This research suggests the direction realizing design business which means that designers overcome traditional role of passive design development and pursue active and subjective design development and eventually accomplish high profit by various sources except design development fee. For this, designers should be able to suggest highly successful design alternatives not by performing subjective aesthetic process but objective and scientific design development process through market-oriented information seeking, scientific design development and effective design management etc. In addition, designers should cultivates design business mind maximizing profit by various sources such as royalty, management fee and commission fee through exercising ownership, or participating distribution process and for outsourcing tasks. Regarding companies' side, they need to overcome existing manufacturing-based business paradigm focusing on rather material development, R&D, facility establishment than design or marketing, and to build design-centered business management system which menas the prior investment in design including needs identification of consumers.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.355-364
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• 2003

This research verified efficiency of 2 design process models; 2-stage model and 3-stage model. 2-stage model means subjective and sensitive design process based on designer's creative mind. Contrarily, 3-stage model means objective, logical and consumer-oriented design process. Past researches have suggested inconsistent conclusions on efficiency of 2 design process models. This study suggested efficiency of 2 design process model based on the concept of market leader strategy and market seeker strategy. The study results imply that, in condition of high prestige brand, 2-stage model based on market leader strategy is more effective and contrarily in case of low prestige brand, 3-stage model based on market seeker strategy is more efficient. However, it is requested to perform various investigation about situations in which each design process model is more effective for the generalization of the study results.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2010

Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of the pine disease commonly referred to as pitch canker. In this study, F. circinatum was isolated from the diseased Pinus rigida in the golf courses, Korea. The morphological characteristics and the molecular features of the isolates were investigated to identify the pathogen. Histone H3 gene and IGS rDNA region was analyzed and consequently the isolates identified as F. circinatum. All of them have the same sequences and the mating type was determined as MAT1-1. The inhibitory effect of the methanol extracts from the disease resistant pine species, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus densiflora and a susceptible species, P. rigida were evaluated against the isolate, F. circinatum. As a result, the extracts of P. koraiensis and P. densiflora showed higher antifungal activity than that of the susceptible, P. rigida.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5502-5512
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• 2014

Until recently, Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) focused mainly on the development and acquisition of supportability factors (maintenance planning, maintenance tools, support equipment, supply support, maintenance training, etc.). In the long term, supportability strategies and policies are needed in terms of LEAN-like cost reduction, efficiency in the field of weapon systems. This study first introduces the concept of Lean, theory of Lean Maintenance and suggests Lean maintenance framework, maintenance strategy for ILS. The case studies were analyzed in terms of the maintenance time, maintenance man-hours, maintenance cost for Lean PM in a radar system. The direction of LEAN on supportability in a weapon system is suggested.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 2007

Retinoids have many important and diverse functions and particularly, have been widely used as anti-aging agent and for the treatment of acne and psoriasis in cosmetics. However, retinoids have low stability against the air, light, water, oxygen and heat, thus, to stabilize the retinoids in formulations is very critical procedure. In this study, cubic liquid crystalline phase of monoolein was applied to stabilize the retinylpalmitate (RP) and to enhance the transdermal permeation. Cubic liquid crystalline phase significantly enhanced the stability of RP. After 15 days, the content of RP in the cubic formulation was 94.7% while the content of RP in ethanol solution was below 0.5% at room temperature. Although BHT containing crystalline phase showed the slightly increased stability of RP, there were no significant differences in RP stability between with or without antioxidants (ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, BHT, BHA) at $40^{\circ}C$. The skin retention of RP in crystalline formulations was approximately $5.3{\sim}6.4$ times greater than that of o/w cream formulation. Incorporation of RP into cubic liquid crystalline phase of monoolein effectively stabilized the RP and worked as excellent topical vehicle for RP. Liquid crystalline phase is considered to be suitable formulation for RP for topical delivery system as a stabilizer and permeation enhancing agent.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to show the effect of postural training through action observation (AO) on craniovertebral angle (CVA) and cranial rotation angle (CRA) of forward head posture (FHP). Methods : From 16 subjects of having the FHP who consist of postural training through the AO (n = 8) and control group (n = 8) were training to three times per one week during three weeks. FHP measurements for pre and post the intervention use to Wiz-pacs(Wiz-Picture Achiving Communication System) from X-ray change of CVA and CRA. Results : The study for the change within the group pre and post the intervention, CVA and CRA were found the significant differences only in the postural training group through the AO (p<.05). In the comparison of the rates of change between the groups pre and post the intervention CVA and CRA all showed the significant differences (p<.05), and in the comparison of the rates of average change of individual variables in each groups, the postural training group through the AO showed more change rates. Conclusion : The study suggests that when people with FHP received the postural training, the postural training through the AO resulted in more change into the correct postures.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2015

This study was considered utilization of hyperspectral image analysis for monitoring. Accordingly we applied to stone cultural properties to data correction methods, image classification techniques, NDVI computation techniques using hyperspectral image. As the results, hyperspectral image analysis was possible making detailed deterioration map, accurate calculation of deterioration rate, mapping of normalized difference vegetation index on the basis of reflectance of each materials. Therefore, hyperspectral image analysis will be used for effective monitoring techniques of stone cultural heritages.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

The Bayon style Avalokitesvara statue from the $13^{th}$ century Angkor period is on display at the Cambodia Angkor Conservation Office. This statue is composed of dark green felthspathic greywacke, the surface of which has been shown light brown discoloration, detected calcite crystallization. As a result of condition assessment, the statue was damaged due to overlap scaling and cracking. Ultrasonic tests have investigated remarkable physical weathering area, flaking and fragmentation in lower velocity. The physical condition of the statue requires a conservation method that improves the binding power. To protect against salt weathering and to ensure physical stability, new conservation material composed of mixed ethyl silicate and sandstone powder similar to that composing the statue was created. The material affected by damage was removed and replaced with the new conservation material.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.982-997
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• 1993

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status and nutrition knowledge of upper elementary school children attending a rural type school lunch programs. The subjects of this study consisted of 186 elementary school students in the 5th and 6th grades. Anthropometric measurements were taken for body weight, hight, sitting height, triceps skinfold thickness, and circumferences of midarm and chest. Dietary intakes of nutrients were assessed by modified 24-hour recall method. Test consisted of multiple-cholic items was used to assess nutrition knowledge of subjects. The results are summerized as follows: 1) The children's average body weight were 34.8kg in and 37.6kg in girls. Their average heights were 140.2cm in boys and 143.9cm in girls. Body weight, height, sitting height, triceps skinfold and body surface area of girls were significantly higher than those of boys(p<0.05). Anthropometric data of children approximated to the Korean standards, but were lower than those of children in Seoul and other rural area. 2) Total daily energy and nutrient intakes were below the RDA's, except for intakes of niacin and ascorbic acid. School lunch provided 30.5% of total energy intake ; 3.13% of carbohydrate intake, 30.3% of protein intake and 32.4% of fat intake. Therefore, school lunch largely contributed to the nutritional balance of these children. 3) The mean scores on the nutrition knowledge test of fifth grade and sixth grade students were 16.8(out of possible 40 points) and 23.5 (out of a possible 50 points), respectively. 4) Score of food habit had positive correlations with intakes of protein, iron and niacin. But score of nutrition knoweldge test showed to be only related to intake of ascorbic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure hospitalized patients' satisfactions with hospital foodservices, and thereby identify areas for improvement and provide basic data for the introduction of total quality management with hospital foodservices. This survey was carried out questionnaires by 382 hospitalized patients into 7 hospitals in Deagu, Busan, Changwon. The subjects were 50.5% male and 49.5% female. Sixty-two percent of the subjects were over 40age, 31.4% were only educated to middle school or below, 28.3% were hospitalized for 7-14 days. The result of evaluation for hospital foodservice during the length of hospitalization are as follows : Taste, seasoning, temperature, apperance of foods were higher in the short hospitalized patients than in the long hospitalized patients, especially kind and combinazation of food were significantly higher(p<0.001). The result of the foodservice with appetite status was significantly higher score(3.33) in the good appetite patients than in the bad appetite patients score(2.00)(p<0.001). As the hospitalization rooms were the significantly difference in the taste(p<0.05), seasoning(p<0.001), apperance(p<0.01) of the foods, amount of service(p<0.01), variety of menu(p<0.05), combinazation of foods(p<0.01) and opinion of patients(p<0.05).