• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.48-64
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Oeumsan Mountain (Hongcheon-gun and Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do) from March of 2016 to September of 2017. The vascular plants were summarized into 509 taxa, including 98 families, 301 genera, 436 species, 4 subspecies, 57 varieties and 12 forms. Among the 509 investigated taxa, 9 Korean endemic, 1 endangered plant, 8 rare plants and 57 floristic regional indicator plants were also included. The naturalized plants encompassed 35 taxa. The percentage of naturalized plants species and the urbanization index were estimated to be 6.9% and 10.9%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.366-386
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the flora of Mt. Myongji and also to find the distribution characteristecs of rare and endangered plants in this mountain. Field surveys were carride out 21 times from 1991 to 1997. Main results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Mt. Myougji was covered with Pinus koraiensis and Sarix leptolepis stands at the altitude lower than 600m, and deciduous forests which were consisted of Quercus mongolica, Carpinus sp., Acer sp., Cornus sp., Fracinus sp., etc. occupied at the altitude higher than 600m. Dicentra spectabilis population and Anemone population were remardable, and Adenophora grandiflora and Astilbe chinensis var. davidii with white flowers were found. 2. The vascular plants in Mt. Myoungji were recorded as 677 taxa such as 19 families, 358 genera 576 species 90 varieties 11 forma. Among them. 19 families 31 genera 32 taxa were endemic plants and 27 taxa were naturalized plants. 3. 26 taxa of rare and endangered plants protected by Forestry Administration were found in Mt. Myonfji. Among them, Asarum maculatum. Hanabusaya asiatica, Lilum cernum. Jeffersonia dubia, and Cypripedium japonica populations could be regarded as very important in a biogeraphical aspect. So it is necessary to monitor this area in a long term and to establish the conservation strategies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.30-33
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.65-99
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• 2018

We investigated vascular plants of Aphaedo Island in Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. By referring to voucher specimens collected over the course of 28 days from May of 2011 to March of 2016, a total of 451 taxa were identified and grouped into 102 families, 294 genera, 413 species, 6 subspecies, 30 varieties, and 2 forms, of which 9 taxa were classified as endangered or rare, including Albizia kalkora, Salomonia oblongifolia, and Centranthera cochinchinensis var. lutea. A total of 59 taxa were identified as regional indicator plants. Six taxa were endemic to Korea, including Hepatica insularis, Indigofera koreana, and Lespedeza maritima. Three taxa (Rumex acetosella, Aster pilosus, and Hypochaeris radicata) among 52 naturalized taxa were ecosystem-disturbing plants as designated by the Ministry of the Environment. The results of preceding floristic research before and after the inauguration of the Aphaedaegyo (bridge) were used to analyze changes in the number of naturalized species on Aphaedo Island.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.392-414
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• 2004

The flora of Sorok Island was investigated 8 times from January 2001 to November 2002. The vascular plants recorded as total 604 taxa, 13 forms, 65 varieties, 1 subspecies, 524 species, 397 genera, 128 families. The rare and endangered plants were recorded 1 taxa (Millettia japonica (Sieb. et Zucc.) A. Gray), 12 taxa (3 variety, 9 species, 10 genera, 10 families) as Korean endemic plants. The naturalized plants were 26 taxa, 1 variety, 25 species, 21 genera, 12 families, 4.30% and 9.15％ among the total naturalized plants and Urbanization Index in Korea. Visitor's numbers are expected to increase rapidly because nature views of Sorok Island are beautiful, which kind and number of naturalized plants are forecasted to be increased. Strong conservation policies should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 1998

The rare and endangered plants in Naesorak area were investigated for four months during May to August in 1997, and the results were summarized as 35 taxa which is classified as 19 families, 32 species, and 3 varieties. At the level of families, 19 families such as Pinaceae(1 species), Taxaceae(1 species), Cupressaceae(1 species and 1 variety), Liliaceae(5 species and 1 variety), Aristolochiaceae(2 species), Ranunculaceae(4 species), Berberidaceae(1 species), Saxifragaceae(2 species), Rosaceae(1 species), Oleaceae(2 species and 1 variety), Solanaceae(1 species), Scrophulariaceae(1 species), Valerianaceae(1 species), Campanulaceae(1species), and Compositae(1 species) were recorded. The most of the habitats of the species was easily found along the major mountain trails, and a kind of destructions of these plants by human interferences is due to the fact that the illegal collections for food and medicine are occurred. Those species of Taxus caespitosa, Rhododendron aureum, Vaccinium bracteatum, Allium victoralis var. platyphullum and Leontice microryncha has a few individuals in habitats and also shows the unfavorable growing state, so the intensive and continuous habitat management of the habitats were inevitably dimanded.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2003

This study was carried out to offer the raw data for the conservation of plant ecosystem in Chungcheongbuk-do with systematic grasping the vascular plant in Mt. Midong and to establish the accurate countermeasure of conservation on the rare species as well as to restore their habitats. The vascular plant species in Mt. Midong were summarized as 303 taxa; 81 families, 215 genus, 262 species, 38 varieties and 3 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forestry Service were two taxa; Polygonatum stenophyllum, Hylomecon hylomeconoides. The nine taxa were recorded in the surveyed sites as the endemic plants; Melandryum seoulense, Hylomecon hylomeconoides, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Filipendula palmata var. glabra, Ajuga spectabilis, Weigela subsessilis, Lonicera coreana, Cirsium setidens and Saussurea seoulensis. And the naturalized plants were twelve taxa; Rumex crispus, Lepidium apetalum, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Tyifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Hibiscus trionum, Oenothera odorata, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Taraxacum officinale and Sonchus oleraceus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.90-109
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the flora of Mt. Cheonma (Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea), including Korean endemic, rare and endangered plants. To support the biodiversity and usefulness of this investigation, we checked the red list plants, floristic regional indicator plants, climate change adaptation target plants and naturalized plants, and compared composition of plant species in Mt. Cheonma with nearby mountains. Totally, we performed 22 field investigations from April 2012 to October 2014. The number of vascular plants in this region is 433 taxa and comprised of 94 families, 266 genera, 378 species, 2 subspecies, 46 varieties, and 7 forms. Among them, there are 13 endemic plants designated by Korean Forest Service, whereas only 10 taxa are endemic species by Korean Ministry of Environment (KME). According to the IUCN criteria, there are 12 rare and endangered plants composed of 9 Least Concerned (LC), 2 Vulnerable species (VU), and one Endangered species (EN) found by Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Meanwhile, 8 taxa including 7 Least Concerned (LC) were found in Red List of KME. The floristic regional indicator plants designated by KME were 49 taxa. In addition, there are 14 taxa in The Adaptable to Climate Change Plant List designated by KNA, while only 19 taxa are naturalized plants. Generally, there are 190 common taxa in Gwangju Mountains area, and only 51 taxa are distributed in Mt. Cheonma.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2008

The Specific Plant Species such as N degree (2 species) and V degree (5 species) which is categorized by the Ministry of Environment are appeared as 7 species. II degree species among Endangered species of wild flora is Abeliophyllum distichum, and the Rare and Endangered Species which is categorized by the Korea Forest Service are enlisted as the five taxa. The Bukhansan is one of the phytogeographic ally important areas among national parks of Korea because this region is located in the northern limit of Southern Plant Types, such as Carpinus laxiflora, Cornus kousa, Styrax japonica and Zanthoxylum piperitum. The flora of the area was enlisted as 638 taxa, 103 families, 362 genera, 541 species, 87 varieties, and 10 forms. Naturalized Species was identified as 58 taxa, 16 families, 52 genera, 54 species and 4 varieties. The Ratio of Naturalized and Urbanization Index was 9.09% and 20.21%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.305-320
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• 2005

Recently 64 species in Korea have been ranked as rare and endangered taxa by the Ministry of Environment using two categories, I and II. The original threat categories produced by the Ministry of Environment were developed to provide a standard for specifying animals and plants in danger of extinction and has been influential sources of information used in species conservation in Korea. However, the criteria by Ministry of Environment were applied to the whole taxa only by regional boundaries, especially in South Korea, rather than international context, and it also lacked an explicit framework that was necessary to ensure repeatability among taxa because of the absence of quantitative criteria to measure the likelihood of extinction. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has developed quantitative criteria for assessing the conservation status of species. The threatened species categories, the 2000 IUCN Red List, proposed by SSC (Species Survival Commission) of IUCN have become widely recognized internationally. Details of threatened Korean plants, identified by applying the IUCN threat categories and definitions, were listed and analyzed. The number of species identified as threatened was only 34 out of 64 taxa (48.4%), while the rest of taxa were rejected from the original lists. Many of the species (51.6%, 33 taxa) excluded from the original list proposed by Ministry of Environment do not qualify as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable because these taxa were widely distributed either in Japan or in China/far eastern Russia and there is no evidence of substantial decline in these countries. An evaluation of taxa in Korea has been carried out only based on subjective views and qualitative data, rather than quantitative scientific data, such as rates of decline, distribution range size, population size, and risk of extinction. Therefore, the national lists undermine the credibility of threatened species lists and invite misuse, which have been raised by other cases, qualitative estimate of risk, political influence, uneven taxonomic or geographical coverage. The increasing emphasis on international responsibilities means that global scale is becoming more significant. The current listings by Environment of Ministry of Korea should be challenged, and the government should seek to facilitate the resolution of disagreements. Especially the list should be flexible enough to handle uncertainty and also incorporates detailed, quantitative data. It is suggested that the highest priorities for the Red List should be given to endemic species in Korea first. After setting up the list of endemic species to Korea, quantitative data on population size and structure, distributional range, rated of decline, and habitat fragmentation should be collected as one of long term projects for the Red list categories. Transparency and accountability are the most important key factors. Also, species assessors are named and data sources referenced are required for the future objective evaluations on Korean plant taxa.