• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-364
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• 1999

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents and has been used in traditional medicines as early as 300 B.C. Recently, it has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, local anaesthetic, immunostimulating, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. This study was performed to investigate the pharmacological effects of the propolis extract and fractions on the gastric lesion and ulcer. The ethanol extract was fractionated with hexane, toluene and ethyl acetate. Followed by bioassay on antigastric and antiulcer activity. Propolis ethanol extracts(500, 750, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg/kg) showed the protective effect on HCl·ethanol-induced gastric lesion and the antisecretory effect against Shay’s gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats in a dose related manner. In the animal models of HCl·ethanol, aspirin-induced gastric lesion and Shay’s gastric secretion, the hexane and toluene fraction of propolis significantly reduced the length of gastric lesion and the acid secretion. These data showed that the gastric protective effects of propolis might result from reduction of acid secretion through the inactivation of H+/K+ATPase activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2009

A total of fourteen, 1-wk-old male Holstein calves were allotted into two groups consisted of control (CON) and IGY which was orally administrated with immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) for 1wk. Calves in both groups were provided with milk replacer according to feeding program and had ad libitum access to timothy hay for the entire experimental period (7wks). At 0, 7 and 49 day of experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of calves to investigate blood biochemical profiles and the differential count (%) of white blood cell (WBC). We also monitored growth performance and colony forming unit (CFU) of fecal microbial population in calves. The adminstration of IgY in calves did not affect body weight and weight gain during 49 days feeding trial compared with control group. The CFU of E. coli and Lactobacilli in the feces of calves were not significantly affected by IgY treatment, whereas the score of the calf scours during day 43 to 49 in IgY group showed a significant (P<0.05) solid type. There were no differences in plasma biochemical components including total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin and the other indicators. As for WBC differential count (%), there was no statistical difference in the percentages of neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil at 0, 7 and 49 days after the oral supplementation of IgY. In conclusion, the oral supplementation of IgY as an immunostimulant did not affect growth performance, fecal microbial population, blood biochemical profile and WBC differential count in Holstein calves.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2004

1. 연구 목적 Fibronectin은 세포외기질의 주요성분인 거대 당단백질로서, 조골세포의 부착과 증식 및 이동능에 중요한 역할을 담당한다고 알려져 있다. 이러한 fibronectin의 조골세포에 대한 영향을 실제 임상에 적용하기 위해서, 전체 fibronectin 단백질을 사용하는 것은 면역학적으로나 경제적으로 많은 단점을 안고 있어서, 유효한 반응단위만을 추출하여 활용하는 것이 바람직한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 세포부착에 주로 관여하는 fibronectin type III분절 중 10번 도메인이 조골양 세포에 미치는 영향을 전체 fibronectin단백질과 fibronectin type III 7-10 도메인 분절과 비교, 관찰하는 것이다. 2. 연구 방법 사람의 fibronectin을 기초로 한 적절한 primer로서, 유전자 재조합법을 이용하여 fibronectin type III 10 도메인과 fibronectin type III 7-10 도메인 분절을 얻었으며, 전체 fibronectin분자는 상용으로 준비하여 24-well 세포배양 용기에 도포하였다. 배양된 조골양세포(HOS cell)를 $1x10^5$ cells/well의 농도로 각 well에 분주하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 배양을 하였다. Cell adhesion assay를 실시하기 위해 10% formaldehyde로 고정시키고 1% Crystal Violet으로 염색하여 광학현미경을 관찰 후 2% SDS를 처리하여 microplate reader기를 이용하여 570nm에서 혼탁정도를 측정하였다. 음성대조군으로는 RPMI 용액을 사용하였다. 동일한 방법을 이용하여 준비된 $35mm^2배양접시에 HOS cell을 $37^{\circ}C$에서 4일간 배양 후, MTS assay를 이용하여 세포 증식도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 6일째 405nm에서 활성화된 세포에서 분비된 p-nitrophenol을 이용한 alkaline phosphatase activity를 측정하였다. 3. 결과 및 고찰 Fibronectin type III 10 도메인은 HOS cell에 대한 생물학적인 효과면에서, 전체 fibronectin 분자 및 fibronectin type III 7-10 분절과 통계적으로 유사한 세포부착도를 보여주었으며, 세포증식도와 alkaline phosphatse 활성도면에서도 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때, fibronectin type III 10 도메인이 조골세포의 증식을 목적으로 사용하는 생체재료의 표면개질 부착물질로 응용할 수 있는 가능성이 있다고 하겠다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the effects of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) on growth performance, immune organ weights, blood biochemical parameters and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in broiler chicks. A total of 120 4-day-old birds were given a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% (AS1) or 1.0% (AS2) AS powder until the birds were 35 days of age. There was no difference in body weight, total gain, feed intake or immune organ weights among the treatment groups. However, the feed conversion ratio in the AS2 group was lower (p<0.05) than that in the CON group. Serum biochemical components, including AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), albumin and total protein, were not affected by the dietary treatments, whereas glucose and triglyceride levels increased (p<0.05) in the AS2 group compared with the CON group. The AS1 group exhibited decreased mRNA expression (p<0.05) of IFN-${\gamma}$ in white blood cells and iNOS in the liver compared with the CON group. The other pro-inflammatory cytokines were unaffected by dietary AS supplementation, although there was a trend towards decreased expression of these genes, including those encoding Il-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.5% AS decreased the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines without affecting growth performance, suggesting that this supplement might be applicable as an immunoregulatory feed additive in broiler chicks.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.321-324
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• 2007

The changes in antigenicity during cultivation of streptomycetes were determined by immunodiffusion assay and indirect ELISA. New precipitin lines in immunodiffusion assay began to appear in the growth period of the soluble pigment production and became thickened thereafter. The increase in the antigenicity was also confirmed by ELISA. The antigenic development was relatively weak for S. lavendulae and S. viridochromogenes while that was strong for S. lavendulae and S. viridochromogenes. The results indicated that Streptomyces strains, even though not proved for some strains, changed the compositions of cell envelope during submerged growth and this could be estimated quantitatively by serological method.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1995

An immunocytochemical study of GABA-positive neuronal elements was performed at the electron microscopic level to examine subcellular distribution of the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the dog basilar pons. Electron-dense reaction product was observed in neuronal somata and dendritic processes. One or more unlabeled axon terminals made asymmetric synaptic contacts with these GABAergic somatic and dendritic profiles. A large number of GABA-positive axon terminals were also observed. They made symmetric as well as asymmetric synaptic contacts with unlabeled dendritic profiles. In axo-axonic synapses, postsynaptic axon-like processes were consistently GABA-immunoreactive. These observations suggest that the inhibitory local circuit neurons in the dog basilar pons play a major role in cerebro-ponto-cerebellar circuitry by integrating various afferent inputs and conveying them into the cerebellar cortex and the deep cerebellar nuclei.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.880-886
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the proximate composition and antioxidant activities of Dioscorea spp. Samples were divided into Dunggeunma (D. bulbifra L), Danma (D. polystachya Turcz), Jangma (D. batatas Decaisne) and Danpungma (D. quinqueloba Thunb). The samples were extracted with 70% ethanol and analyzed for total flavonoid contents, polyphenol contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The moisture contents ranged from 11.96% to 15.01%. The crude protein contents were in the range of 7.86% to 11.55% (Dunggeunma 11.55%, Danpungma 10.48%, Danma 9.43%, Jangma 7.86%). The crude fat contents were between 0.37% and 0.43% (Danpungma 0.43%, Jangma 0.37%, Dunggeunma 0.37%, Danma 0.37%). In the antioxidant activities assay, total polyphenol content of Danma was significantly higher than those of other species at 115.47 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) (p<0.05), whereas it was significantly lowest in Jangma at 66.31 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) (p<0.05). ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of Danma were significantly highest at 104.43 and 56.72 mg trolox eq/100 g (p<0.05). Therefore, antioxidant activities of Dioscorea spp. provide a possible scientific basis for assessing the performance of functional material of Dioscorea spp.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 1993

The etiological survey on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) by immunofluorescence antibody test(IFA) showed the positive rusult from the intestines of piglet died from acute diarrhea. The viral agent of PED was also isolated from intestine, which showed positive reaction by immunofluorescence test. After passage in Vero cell, the viral agent was further cloned by plaque purification and designated as KPEDV-9. The immunoblotting analysis using hyperimmune sera and porcine sera revealed the presence of several polypetide bands with molecular weight(M.W.) of 88K, 74K, 70K, 58~54, 54~46K, 44~40K and 33~32K, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2003

This study was carried out to establish a quantitative analysis method of separating immuno-activating substance (EN-SP) from Acanthopanax senticosus (A. senticosus) by competitive direct ELISA. Mouse antiserum (anti-EN-SP) against EN-SP was generated by immunization (s.c.) of EN-SP purified from A. senticosus as an immunogen. The titer of anti-EN-SP was about 1 : 400, and the optimal dilution of EN-SP-HRP conjugate was 1 : 1,000. When the standard curve was constructed by ELISA, its sensitivity was about $0.2{\mu}g/mL$. The coefficient variation of intra- and inter-assay were $6.13{\sim}8.81%$ and $6.73{\sim}8.60%$, respectively. According to the standard curve, the concentration of EN-SP in various senticosus extracts was found to be only $59.85\;{\mu}g$ in 10mg of extract from the bark of A. senticosus. Similarly, the immunostimulating activity to produce $TNF-{\alpha}$ or IL-12 among the various extracts of Acanthopanax was shown to be correlated with the content of EN-SP. These results demonstrated that competitive ELISA was a convenient, fast, reproducible, and accurate method for the determination of EN-SP as an immunologically active standard substance in extract of A. senticosus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.920-926
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• 2010

Marine alga, Chlorella vulgaris, was extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v) solvents for lipid extraction at $35^{\circ}C$ for five hours (HCM-35) and its process was compared with conventional lipid extraction condition such as chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v) at $65^{\circ}C$ for one hour (CM-65). This low temperature extraction process showed that 80% of total lipid was extracted and its residues contained relatively unchanged amounts of intact proteins and other minerals as well as amino acid profiles. Interestingly enough, the weight fraction of carbohydrate in the residues slightly increased due to less denaturation at low process temperature. The biological activities of the residues such as cytotoxicity and immune cell growth activation were not much changed after being extracted. The sensory evaluation were found to be very favorable for being used as a food additive and/or food supplement. This result could also help to maintain the economic feasibility of utilizing marine resources in food and other relevant industries.