• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.26-30
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• 2004

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2012

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.60-67
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• 2002

락토페린은 주로 유즙에 많이 포함되어 있으며 인간 분비물 등에서도 발견되는 당단백질로써, 미생물 감염에 대한 방어작용이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 락토페린의 미생물에 대한 방어작용은 미생물 성장에 필요한 철이온이 락토페린에 결합하여 성장을 저해하기 때문인 것으로 알려져 있다. 락토페린은 이외에도 염증반응의 조절, 임파세포의 성장촉진 등 면역반응에도 관여하는데 이러한 활성은 철에 결합하는 성질과는 무관하게 일어나며 락토페린이 DNA에 결합하는 성질과 관련이 있는 것으로 추측되어진다. 락토페린은 DNA에 결합하여 유전자의 전사에 관여할 것으로 여겨지는데 그 동안 어떤 유전자의 발현에 관여하는지에 대해서 알려진 바가 없었다. 최근 본 연구팀은 락토페린이 포유세포의 세포유전자의 전사에 관여하는지를 분석한 결과 락토페린 결합부위를 가지고 있는 유전자중의 하나인 인간 인터루킨-1$\beta$ 유전자의 전사를 활성화시킨다는 연구 결과를 보여 주었다. 인간 myelogenous leukaemia 세포주인 K562 세포를 락토페린과 phorbolmyristate acetate(PMA)로 함께 처리하면 K562 세포의 인터루킨-1$\beta$ mRNA의 양은 PMA 단독으로 처리하였을 때 보다 상승적으로 더 많이 유도됨을 보여주었다. 또한 IL-1$\beta$/Luciferase 융합 유전자를 K562 배양세포에 넣어 전사 활성을 비교함으로써 락토페린에 의한 인터루킨-l$\beta$의 전사활성을 확인하였다. 락토페린을 전체, N-말단, 혹은 C- 말단 부위를 COS-1 세포에 발현시켜 전사 활성을 측정한 결과 C-말단 쪽은 전사활성이 없었으나 N-말단 90개 아미노산 부위(NIa라 명명)가 전사활성을 가지고 있음을 규명하였다. 본 연구결과는 락토페린이 인터루킨-l$\beta$의 유전자의 전사에 역할을 하고 있음을 보여 주고 있으며 또한 인터루킨-1$\beta$의 유전자 외에도 락토페린 결합 부위를 유전자의 조절부위에 포함하고 있는 세포 유전자의 전사도 관여할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.613-616
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• 2002

락토페린은 주로 유즙에 많이 포함되어 있으며 인간분비물 등에서도 발견되는 당단백질로써, 미생물 감염에 대한 방어작용이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 락토페린의 미생물에 대한 방어작용은 미생물 성장에 필요한 철이온이 락토페린에 결합하여 성장을 저해하기 때문인 것으로 알려져 있다. 락토페린은 이외에도 염증반응의 조절, 임파세포의 성장촉진 등 면역반응에도 관여하는데 이러한 활성은 철에 결합하는 성질과는 무관하게 일어나며 락토페린이 DNA에 결합하는 성질과 관련이 있는 것으로 추측되어진다. 락토페린은 DNA에 결합하여 유전자의 전사에 관여할 것으로 여겨지는데 그 동안 어떤 유전자의 발현에 관여하는지에 대해서 알려진 바가 없었다. 최근 본 연구팀은 락토페린이 포유세포의 세포유전자의 전사에 관여하는지를 분석한 결과 락토페린 결합부위를 가지고 있는 유전자중의 하나인 인간 인터루킨-1$eta$ 유전자의 전사를 활성화시킨다는 연구 결과를 보여 주었다. 인간 myelogenous leukaemia 세포주인 K562 세포를 락토페린과 phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)로 함께 처리하면 K562 세포의 인터루킨-1$\beta$ mRNA의 양은 PMA 단독으로 처리하였을 때 보다 상승적으로 더 많이 유도됨을 보여주었다. 또한 IL-1$\beta$/Luciferase 융합 유전자를 K562 배양세포에 넣어 전사 활성을 비교함으로써 락토페린에 의한 인터루킨-1$\beta$의 전사활성을 확인하였다. 락토페린을 전체, N-말단, 혹은 C- 말단 부위를 COS-1 세포에 발현시켜 전사 활성을 측정한 결과 C-말단 쪽은 전사활성이 없었으나 N-말단 90개 아미노산 부위(NIa라 명명)가 전사활성을 가지고 있음을 규명하였다. 본 연구결과는 락토페린이 인터루킨-I$\beta$의 유전자의 전사에 역할을 하고 있음을 보여 주고 있으며 또한 인터루킨-1$\beta$의 유전자 외에도 락토페린 결합 부위를 유전자의 조절부위에 포함하고 있는 세포 유전자의 전사도 관여할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.372-378
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• 2011

We extracted polysaccharide from the sea hare, Aplysia kurodai, purified it partially, and experimented its immune response using the human blood lymphocytes and macrophage cell lines. Aplysia kurodai polysaccharide fraction (APF) improved the growth of the T cell (Jurkat) up to 40% by treatment for 48 hours, and decreased the growth of blood cancer, Jiyoye cell line. The APF on RAW 264.7 cell also increased interleukin-12 up to 47%. In contrast, the secretion of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma by treatment of only APF or APF and concanavalin A on Jurkat for 24 hours and 48 hours didn't influence significantly. These results suggest that the APF has possible immune regulating ability.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2005

In the last few years, a spectrum of dendritic cells(DCs), including toll like receptors(TLRs), might play a critical role in regulating allergy and asthma. DC plays a central role in initiating immune responses, linking innate and adaptive responses to pathogen. Human peripheral blood has three non-overlapping dendritic subset that expressed various 11 TLRs. These dendritic subsets and TLR contribute significant polarizing influences on T helper differentiation, but how this comes about is less clear. A better understanding of DC immunobiology may lead to the comprehension of allergy pathophysiology to prevent early stage allergic march.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.211-226
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• 2019

Pig CD45, the leukocyte common antigen, is encoded by the PTPRC gene and CD45 is a T cell-type specific tyrosine phosphatase with alternative splicing of its exons. The CD45 is a coordinated regulator of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction achieved by dephosphorylating the phosphotyrosine of its substances, including $CD3{\zeta}$ chain of TCR, Lck, Fyn, and Zap-70 kinase. A dysregulation of CD45 is associated with a multitude of immune disease and has been a target for immuno-drug discovery. To characterize its key structural features with the effects of regulating TCR signaling, this study predicted the unknown structure of pig CD45RO (the smallest isoform) and the complex structure bound to the ITAM (REEpYDV) of $CD3{\zeta}$ chain via homology modeling and docking the peptide, based on the known human CD45 structures. These features were integrated into the structural plasticity of extracellular domains and functional KNRY and PTP signature motifs (the role of a narrow entrance into ITAM binding site) of the tyrosine phosphatase domains in a cytoplasmic region from pig CD45RO. This contributes to the selective recognition of phosphotyrosine from its substrates by adjusting the structural stability and binding affinity of the complex. The characterized features of pigCD45RO can be applied in virtual screening of the T-cell specific immunomodulator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2011

In this study, we extracted a whole polysaccharide fraction from the sea hare, Aplysia kurodai, and screened its functional properties using cell lines. The functionalities of polysaccharide and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were investigated with RAW 264.7 cell lines. The crude polysaccharides and GAG purified DEAE-Sepharose chromatography did not show the toxicity on RAW 264.7 cell line in the range of $10\sim200{\mu}g$/mL, whereas they increased the cell growth rate. The crude polysaccharides and purified GAG also increased the production of NO, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ on RAW 264.7 cell. Particularly, the purified GAG inhibited the proliferation of stomach cancer cell line, AGS, up to 40% for 72 hr incubation, but not the intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cell lines.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1998

Purpose: Though many antiviral or immunomodulatory agents have been used in patients with chronic HBV hepatitis, interferon is considered to be the only effective therapeutic agent so far. Among immunomodulatory agents, thymodulin, the oral form of thymosin, is currently in clinical trial. We compared the efficacy of alfa-interferon therapy alone with a combined therapy of alfa-interferon and thymodulin in children with chronic active hepatitis B. Method: Twenty three children aged 4.4~13.7 years who were known to be positive for HBsAg and HBeAg in serum for at least 6 months and who had biopsy-proven chronic active hepatitis were given either combined therapy of alfa-interferon and thymodulin or alfa-interferon alone, and all children were HBV DNA positive in their serum at the beginning. Follow-ups have been done for at least 1 year after a 6 month course of therapy and clearance of viral replication markers has been evaluated. Results: 1) During follow up period, 11 (48%) children were seroconverted to anti-HBe and were cleared of HBV DNA from their serum. However, 2 of them relapsed after discontinuance of interferon therapy. 2) Seroconversion occurred more frequently among those who had not been vertically transmitted, had elevated serum ALT levels and low HBV DNA levels before interferon therapy. 3) There was no significant advantage of the combined therapy with thymodulin compared to interferon therapy alone. Conclusion: Combined therapy of alfa-interferon and thymodulin failed to demonstrate synergistic effect. We think that combination therapies of alfa-interferon with other antiviral or immunomodulatory agents need to be studied in order to achieve better therapeutic responses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.216-223
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• 2014

Curcuma longa L. (CL) is a well known traditional medicinal plant that is also used in curries and mustards as a coloring and flavoring agent. However, CL is not usually used as a food source due to its bitter taste. We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of CL fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FCL) on RAW 264.7 cells. FCL was extracted with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), 20% ethanol (20% EtOH) and 80% ethanol (80% EtOH), after which its effects on phagocytic activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), nitric oxide (NO) production, natural killer (NK) cell activity and mRNA expression of LP-BM5 eco were investigated. Phagocytic activity was increased in HW and 20% EtOH when compared to the control. The secretion of nitric oxide (NO) from RAW 264.7 cells did not change significantly relative to the control. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ was significantly increased by the addition of FCL extracts. Moreover, FCL 20% ethanol extract showed a four fold increase in NK cell cytotoxity relative to the control group. Finally, we observed suppressed mRNA expression of LP-BM5 eco in FCL extracts, especially in the 20% ethanol extracts group. These results indicate that the FCL extracts can be used as a functional material due to their effective immunomodulating activities.