• Title/Summary/Keyword: 메탄올 유량

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Characteristics of Hydrogen Generation from Methanol and Ethanol using Cylindrical Barrier Discharge (실린더형 무성방전을 이용하여 메탄올과 에탄올로부터 수소발생 특성)

  • Park, Jae-Youn
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.24 no.8
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    • pp.32-39
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    • 2010
  • Hydrogen is sustainable energy without environment pollution. In this study, experiments and analysis of hydrogen generation from gases methanol and ethanol using cylindrical barrier discharge reactor was carried out. The discharge reactor to generate hydrogen molecules used in this work is one type of Non-thermal Plasma (NTP) reactors and neon-transformer as power source to make a plasma was used. Hydrogen concentrations were measured as parameters of applied voltage, concentrations of methanol and ethanol, and flow rates of carrier gases($N_2$). Hydrogen generation increased according to applied voltage and produced largely in case of methanol compared with ethanol. It is thought that the reason is deeply related with those different chemical structures. Energy yield of hydrogen generation in case of ethanol decreases according to increasing applied voltage, but that in case of methanol has a peak at applied voltage of 22[kV] and decreased. Specifically, hydrogen generation increased with increasing applied voltage, but low voltage was better, which is the best parameter in the aspects of energy efficiency.

한국산 장뇌산삼의 부위별 유용성분함량 및 추출용매조건의 영향

  • 김준한;문혜경;강우원;김종국
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.150.2-151
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    • 2003
  • 한국산 장뇌산삼의 열매, 잎, 줄기 및 뿌리를 -7$0^{\circ}C$ 동결건조 분말화시킨 시료에 대한 추출용매와 농도에 따른 유용성분의 함량을 비교, 분석하였다. 추출액의 당도는 잎과 줄기의 80% 에탄올추출액이 각각 22.58%와 22.53%로 가장 높았고, pH는 4.43-7.41 수준이었고, 갈변도는 흡광도가 잎과 뿌리 80% 에탄올추출액이 1.803과 1.085로 가장 높았다. 색도의 경우 L값는 줄기 100% 증류수추출액이 24.56, 열매 80% 메탄올추출액이 24.35로 가장 높았고, 뿌리와 잎 80% 에탄올추출액이 각각 17.47과 19.59로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. a값은 잎100% 증류수추출액이 0.41로 가장 높았고, 줄기 80%메탄올추출 액이 -0.49로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. b값은 줄기 80% 메탄올추출액이 3.69로 가장 높았고, 열매 100% 증류수추출액 이 0.45로 가장 낮은 값이었다. 주요 유리당은 sucrose, glucose 및 fructose 이었고, 유리당 총함량은 열매와 줄기 100% 증류수추출액이 각각 6733 mg/100g과 6142 mg/100g으로 가장 많은 량을 함유하였고, sucrose는 뿌리 80% 메탄올추출액 이 3673 mg/100g으로, glucose 및 fructose는 줄기 80% 에탄올추출액과 잎 80% 메탄올추출액에 각각 4283 mg/100g과 1897 mg/100g으로 높은 함유량을 나타내었다. 또한 잎과 줄기에는 xylose가 304-524 mg/100g 수준으로 함유되어 있었고, 뿌리에는 maltose가 소량 함유하고 있었다. 주요 유기산으로는 citric acid, tartaric acid 및 malic acid가 확인되었고, citric acid는 뿌리 80% 메탄올추출액이 1849 mg/100g으로 가장 높은 함량이었고, tartaric acid는 잎 80% 메탄올추출액이 3263 mg/100g으로 가장 높은 함량이었고, malic acid는 뿌리 80% 메탄올추출액이 1856 mg/100g으로 가장 높은 함량이었으며, 뿌리 80% 메탄올추출액에는 succinic acid, malonic acid 및 oxalic acid 등이 확인되었다. 유리아미노산은 L-Arginine, ${\gamma}$-Amino-n-butyric acid, Ethanolamine, L-Proline, $\beta$-Alanine 및 L-sarcosine 등 총 35종이 확인되었고, L-Arginine은 251-7379 mg/100g 수준으로 특히, 뿌리 80% 메탄올추출액에는 1319 mg/100g으로 총함유량의 79.13%로 매우 높은 함유량을 나타내었다. P, K, Na, Ca 및 Mg 등이 주된 무기질로 확인되었고, 그 중 P는 줄기 100% 증류수추출액에 15563 mg/100g으로 가장 높았고, K은 잎 80% 메탄을 추출액에 4952 mg/100g, Ca과 Na은 잎과 열매 100% 증류수추출액에 각각 3052 mg/100g과 1798 mg/100g, Mg은 잎 100% 증류수추출액에 950 mg/100g으로 매우 높은 함유량을 보였고, 또한 미량원소로는 Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Co, Mo, Fe 등이 함유되어 있었다.

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Characteristics of DME Production Using Synthesis Obtained from Coal Gasification (석탄가스화를 통해 얻어진 합성가스 정제 및 DME(Dimethyl Ether) 제조 특성 연구)

  • Yoo, Young-Don;Lee, Seung-Jong;Lee, Do-Youn;Yun, Yong-Seung
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.06a
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    • pp.792-795
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구 목적은 석탄 가스화를 통해 얻어진 합성가스를 이용하여 국내에서 개발된 DME 합성 촉매를 사용하여 DME 전환 공정에 대한 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 특히, DME 합성 반응에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 합성 반응로의 온도 제어를 위하여 thermosyphon 시스템을 개발하여 DME 합성 반응에 최적온도로 알려진 $230{\sim}260^{\cdot}C$ 범위에서 제어가 가능함을 확인 하였다. 석탄 40 kg/h를 공급하였을 때 합성가스 유량은 $80{\sim}100$ $Nm^3/h$ 정도를 얻었다. DME 합성 반응에 사용한 촉매는 합성가스로부터 메탄올을 얻기 위한 촉매와 메탄올의 탈수 촉매(Cu/Zn/Al+r-$Al_2O_3$)를 혼합한 촉매를 사용하였다. DME 합성 반응로의 GHSV(1/kg$^{\cdot}C$cat h)는 $2500{\sim}3000$ 정도이며, 운전 압력 60기압에서 $H_2$ 전환율 $65{\sim}75%$, DME 선택도는 $69{\sim}79%$ 정도를 얻었다.

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Effects of the Operating Conditions on the Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (직접메탄올 연료전지의 운전 조건이 성능에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Chang-Hwa;Kim, Nam-Hoon;Lee, Joong-Hee
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.292-298
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    • 2011
  • This study examines the effects of the ambient temperature (AT), methanol feeding temperature (MFT), methanol concentration (MC) and methanol flow rate (MFR) on the performance and cell temperature (CT) of a 5-stacked direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The AT, MFT, MC, and MFR are varied from $-10^{\circ}C$ to $+40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$, 0.5M to 3.0M and 11.7 mL $min^{-1}$ to 46.8 mL $min^{-1}$, respectively. The performance of the DMFC under various operating conditions is analyzed from the I-V polarization curve, and the methanol crossover is estimated by gas chromatography (GC). The performance of the DMFC improves significantly with increasing AT. The open circuit voltage (OCV) decreases with increasing MC due to the enhanced likelihood of methanol crossover. The cell performance is improved significantly when the MFR is increased from 11.7 mL $min^{-1}$ to 28.08 mL $min^{-1}$. The change in cell performance is marginal with further increases in MFR. The CT increases significantly with increasing AT. The effect of the MFT and MFR is moderate, and the effect of MC is marginal on the CT of the DMFC.

Preparation of Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) Microparticles Using Supercritical Anti-solvent (초임계 반용매법을 이용한 폴리비닐피롤리돈 미세입자의 제조)

  • Shin, Moon-Sam;Kim, Hwa-Yong
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.242-247
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    • 2008
  • Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) has been used as biocompatible and biodegradable polymer in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and electronics. Micro-particles of PVP were produced using an aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES). Dichloromethane (DCM) and supercritical carbon dioxide were used as solvent and antisolvent, respectively. The mean diameter of the obtained polymer particles ranged from 0.184 to $0.249\;{\mu}m$. The relationship between particle size and initial drop size was also considered.

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Microcomputer-aided Fermentation System for High Density Fed-Batch Cultivation (마이크로컴퓨터를 이용한 고농도 유가배양시스템)

  • 이형준;이계호허윤행
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.307-313
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    • 1990
  • A microcomputer-aided fermentation system was constructed for high density fed-batch culture using dissolved oxygen(DO) as a substrate feeding indicator. DO signal was processed prior to aquisition to computer. Agitation speed and oxygen flow rate was changed stepwisely to maintain DO value at a constant level. Agitation speed was controlled by the output signal of D/A converter. Oxygen flow rate was controlled by a flow rate control valve connected to a stepping motor. Substrate was fed with a feeding pump operated by the abrupt increase of DO signal. Methylobacillus sp. SK1 was cultivated to test the system and 16.53g/l of cell density was obtained after 10 hr.

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Temperature Control in Autothermal Reforming Reactor (메탄올 자열 개질 반응기에서의 온도제어)

  • Kim, Song Joo;Nam, Ji Hoon;Lee, Jietae;Kim, Dong Hyun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.12-16
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    • 2007
  • Temperature control of an autothermal methanol reforming reactor which uses the copper-zinc oxide catalyst was studied. Temperature at 1cm below the hot-spot point in the reactor was used for the controlled variable, and the air flow rate was used for the manipulated variable. A first order plus time delay model was identified and controller parameters were obtained by applying the IMC-PI tuning rule to the identified model. With this controller, we could control the reforming reactor temperature within ${\pm}5^{\circ}C$ over 100 hours. Change of the hot-spot point due to the catalyst degradation was investigated and it could be used to design an adaptive controller.

A Study on the Thermodynamic Analysis for the DME Separation Process (DME 분리공정의 열역학적 해석에 대한 연구)

  • Cho, Jung-Ho;Kim, Young-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.590-596
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    • 2010
  • Through this study, we have attempted the thermodynamic analysis on the dimethyl ether (DME) separation process, which can be used for diesel alternative fuel, additive to LPG and natural gas. And we also have completed the simulation of DME separation process using PRO/II with PROVISION. As an appropriate thermodynamic models, we selected NRTL liquid activity coefficient model to describe the non-ideality between methanol and water. To estimate the vapor phase non-idealities, we have chosen the Peng-Robinson equation of state model. And we also use the Henry's law option to predict the solubilities of non-condensible gases like CO, $CO_2$, $H_2$, $CH_2$ and $N_2$ in methanol solvent. Case study showed that optimal solvent to feed molar ratio was 3.40

A Study for Carbon dioxide Removal Process Using Methanol Solvent in DME Manufacture Process (DME 생산공정에서 메탄올을 이용한 이산화탄소 제거 공정 연구)

  • Cho, Duhee;Rho, Jaehyun;Kim, Dong Sun;Cho, Jungho
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.1502-1511
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    • 2013
  • In this study, simulation works have been performed for the modeling of $CO_2$ removal process contained in the DME production process through an absorber-stripper system using methanol aqueous solution. Aspen Plus release 7.3 in AspenTech company was utilized as a simulation tool and PC-SAFT modeling equation of state was used as a thermodynamic model. Fitting parameters built-in PC-SAFT model was determined by regressing experimental data, predicted results using PC-SAFT model were compared with experimental data in order to verify the exactness of the thermodynamic model. Optimization works have been performed to reduce the utility consumptions using solvent circulation rate, column operating pressure and feed stage location as manipulated variables.

A Study on Separation Process for Over 95 wt% DME Recovery from DME Mixture Gases (DME 혼합가스로부터 95 wt% 이상의 DME 회수를 위한 분리공정 연구)

  • Lim, Gye-Gyu;Park, Seung-Kyu;Rho, Jea-Hyun;Baek, Young-Soon
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.287-294
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    • 2009
  • In order to separate the fuel-grade DME from the product of a direct DME synthesise reaction, containing 19~20% of DME, an absorption column and a purification column were employed. In the DME absorption column, the flow rate of the methanol required to recover more than 99% of DME at 50 bar was estimated by the correlation obtained from the lab-scale experiments. In the DME purification column, the maximum DME recovery of 98.2% could be obtained even from the side stream at the 3rd stage above the feed stage, since the feed stream originated from the product of the absorption column had already contained a large amount of DME (20~30 mol%) and only a small amount of light products such as $CO_2$ and $N_2$ (5~10 mol%).