• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.535-545
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• 2011

The nutrient composition, including the proximate composition and the mineral, vitamin, amino acid, and free-amino-acid levels, of baechu kimchi (Chinese cabbage kimchi) to which 14 kinds of seafood (flatfish, yellow corvina, sea beam, pollack gizzard shad, ray, gray mullet, skate, hairtail, anchovy, sea squit, pen shell, scallop, small octopus)were added was analyzed. The seafoods were added to salted cabbage at concentration of 10% (w/w) and the prepared seafood baechu Kimchi (BK) was stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for seven days. The levels of moisture (82.09-88.56%), crude lipid (0.31-0.64%), and crude ash (2.70-3.50%) did not differ much among the samples, but the level of crude protein of the BK-with-seafood samples (2.42-5.15%) was greater than that of the control BK (2%), without seafood. The Fe and Ca contents of BK with flatfish showed the highest values (4.1 and 74 mg/100 g, respectively). The vitamin A contents of BK samples with 14 different kinds of seafood were higher than that of the control BK. Moreover, the BK with sea squit had higher vitamin $B_2$ (0.90 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (8.48 mg/100 g) contents among all the BK-with-different-kinds-of-seafood samples. Total amino acids were detected in all BK-with-seafood samples, most of which had high levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline and alanine. Glutamic acid was the most abundant of all the amino acids. The major free amino acids were hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, leucine, and valine, of which hydroxyproline was the most abundant. In conclusion, BK with seafood is thought to be a very good source of protein, which is very important from dietary life of humans.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2014

Total 20 surface sediments were collected in Anjung bay to investigate the physicochemical environment and heavy metal contents. The physicochemical investigation ranged from 6.41% to 11.68% (average $9.52{\pm}1.28%$) for ignition loss (IL), from 17.99 mg/g to 43.84 mg/g (average $27.53{\pm}6.39mg/g$) for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and from 0.05 mg/g to 0.61 mg/g (average $0.17{\pm}0.14mg/g$) for acid volatile sulfide (AVS) with significant correlation between water content (W/C) and COD. A contour of spatial distribution indicated higher organic pollution at the bottom of ascidian, Stylea clava, cultural waters. Most of metals contents was not exceeded the NOAA's effect range-low (ERL). Estimated enrichment factor (EF) ranging 0.96-1.12 indicated that the sediment environment of the studied waters was relatively pristine from heavy metal pollution in spite of increased vessel traffics, so far.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.440-453
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop a bioactive membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR), the biocompatibility and bone regenerating capacity of the cellulose membrane obtained from the Ascidians squirt skin were evaluated. Materials and methods : After processing the pure cellulose membrane from the squirt skin, the morphological study, amino acid analysis and the immunoreactivity of the cellulose membrane were tested. Total eighteen male Spraque-Dawley rats (12 weeks, weighing 250 to 300g) were divided into two control (n=8) and another two experimental groups (n=10). In the first experimental group (n=5), the cellulose membrane was applicated to the 8.0 mm sized calvarial bone defect and the same sized defect was left without cellulose membrane in the first control group (n=4). In the another experimental group (n=5), the cellulose membrane was applicated to the same sized calvarial bone defect after femoral bone graft and the same sized defect with bone graft was left without cellulose membrane in the another control group (n=4). Each group was sacrificed after 6 weeks, the histological study with H&E and Masson trichrome stain was done, and immunohistochemical stainings of angiogenin and VEGF were also carried out. Results : The squirt skin cellulose showed the bio-inductive effect on the bone and mesenchymal tissues in the periosteum of rat calvarial bone. This phenomenon was found only in the inner surface of the cellulose membrane after 6 weeks contrast to the outer surface. Bone defect covered with the bioactive cellulose membrane showed significantly greater bone formation compared with control groups. Mesenchymal cells beneath the inner surface of the bioactive cellulose membrane were positive to the angiogenin and VEGF antibodies. Conclusion : We suppose that there still remains extremely little amount of peptide fragment derived from the basement membrane matrix proteins of squirt skin, which is a kind of anchoring protein composed of glycocalyx. This composition could prevent the adverse immunological hypersensitivity and also induce bioactive properties of cellulose membrane. These properties induced the effective angiogenesis with rapid osteogenesis beneath the inner surface of cellulose membrane, and so the possibilities of clinical application in dental field as a GBR material will be able to be suggested.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2008

For prevention of E. coli related with food poisoning including diarrhea, urinal infection, peritonitis and infant septicemia, two hundreds and twelve E. coli strains(10.3%) were isolated among 2,066 seafood products in Seoul Garak fishery market from 2005 to 2007. Most strains were isolated from fishes (7.0%), shellfishes (12.8%), crustaceans (8.7%), and molluscs (11.0%) in summer. Serotypes of E. coli isolates were determined as O6, O8, O25, O26, O27, O55, O78, O126, O158, O167, and O168. Conclusively, we knew that E. coli could be contaminated in various seafood products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.494-499
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• 2017

This study evaluated the abundance of fecal coliforms in oysters Crassostrea gigas, sea squirts Halocynthia roretzi and sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus in fisheries along the coast of Korea in 2014, and investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from these fishery products. The ranges of fecal coliforms found in oysters, sea squirts and sea cucumbers were <18-20, <18-330 and <18-3,300 MPN (most probable number)/100 g, respectively. Sea squirts contained the greatest range of E. coli (<20-140 MPN/100 g), followed by sea cucumbers (<20-130 MPN/100 g) and oysters (<20-20 MPN/100 g). A total of 26 strains of E. coli were isolated from 34 sea squirt, 25 sea cucumber and 13 oyster samples. Strains thus isolated were tested for their susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial agents used in Korea for medical or veterinary therapy. E. coli isolates showed the greatest resistance to ampicillin (84.6%), followed by trimethoprim (34.6%), nalidixic acid (34.6%), tetracycline (30.8%), pipemidic acid (26.9%), streptomycin (23.1%), chloramphenicol (23.1%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (23.1%), and gentamicin (15.4%). Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was present in 88.5% of E. coli isolates. Of the 26 isolated, six strains (23.1%) were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

To understand the effect of heated effluent from a nuclear power plant on marine organism, experimental culture of Halocynthia roretzi was carried out at heated effluent of Wolsung nuclear power plant from January to December 1996. Temperature was $11.2\~27.9^{\circ}C$ and salinity was $32.54\~34.59\%_{\circ}$ during the culture period, The Growth of H. roretzi on lower area of Bonggil-ri (St. 1) was not normal in height, breadth and weight due to heated effluent. Daily growth rate (DGR) of H. roretzi about Kampo area (St, 4) was significant other station, and St. 1 was significant from other station except St. 4, Mytilus edulis was major fouling organism (over $90\%$) that were M. edulis, Dideninum moseleyi, Styela clava in experiment culture farm. St. 1 was higher (mean 143 individual) and St. 4 was lower (mean 56 individual) appearance attached of M. edulis. Growth of H. roretzi reduced when attached number of M. eduiis was increased, because correlation between DGR and number of M. edulis was negative.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.229-246
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• 2011

This study was performed to know and compare the community structures of macrobenthic invertebrates of eight fishing grounds in the coastal waters of Jeju Island from September to October 2008. A total of 166 species was identified. Mollusks comprised 77 species (46.4%); Arthropods 24 (14.5%), Cnidarians 18 (10.8%); Poriferans 16 (9.6%); and the others including Echinoderms 33 (17.7%). Density and biomass were estimated to be 6,905 ind./$m^2$ and 113,100.7 gwwt/$m^2$, respectively. Gastropods was the most dominant taxon in terms of abundance (3,311 ind./$m^2$) and number of species as well, and Gastropods was predominant in biomass (55,789.2 gwwt/$m^2$). The dominant species were Omphalius pfeifferi, Astralium haematragum, Turbo cornutus, Ergalatax contraacta, Lithophaga cura, Anthocidaris crassispina, Herdmania monus in 5-15 m. Based on the cluster analysis, the study area could be divided into two station groups. The biodiversity, evenness and richness index appeared as follows: H' = 1.59-2.95, E' = 0.38-0.87, R = 3.3-10.4. The dominance index were highest in Daepo and lowest in Woljeong.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 1980

Seed tunicates of Halocynthia roretzi (v. DRASCHE) which were artificially settled in Chungmu area were transplanted to Seonyudo and Eochungdo to know the feasibility of the tunicate culturing in the western coast of Korea. From April 1978 to March 1979, the growth of the transplanted tunicate in the two area was compared and analyzed in reference to the ecological factors. At the time when the seeds were transplanted, the mean body height of Halocynthia roretzi(V. DRASCHE) was 1.84 mm, body breadth 1.42 mm, and the body weight 15.0 mg. After 333 days the mean body height was 10.77 mm, body breadth 6.75 mm, and body weight 201 mg in Seonyudo area. In Eochungdo area the mean body height was 13.5 mm, body breadth 11.51 mu and body weight 880 mg. According to above results, it is possible to culture the seeds in Eochungdo area. Salinity $(29.2-32.0\%_{\circ})$ was favorable, water temperature $(6.8-26.8^{\circ}C)$ was not a critical factor, but the growth of the tunicate was affected by the high temperature$(over\;25.0^{\circ}C)$ in July. Transparency lower than 1.0 m seriously affects the growth of the tunicate, and it was one of the important factors inhibiting the growth of the tunicate. Seonyudo area was found out to be inadequate for the culture of the sea spuirt Halocynthie roretzi because of the retarded growth in body breadth and weight while showing extended growth in body length then leading to higher mortality owing to large amount of silting and fouling of the colonial tunicate, Didemnum (didemnum) moseleyi.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.297-328
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• 2016

This study was performed to know and compare the community structures of macrobenthic invertebrates of five fishing grounds in the coastal waters of Jeju Island from 2013 to 2015. A total of 629 species was identified. Molluscans comprised 282 species (44.8%), Arthropods 88 (14.0%), Poriferans 61 (9.7%), Bryozoans 52 (8.3%) and the others including Cnidarians 51 (8.1%). Density and biomass were estimated to be $71,007ind./m^2$ and $599,208.0gwwt/m^2$, respectively. Gastropods was the most dominant taxon in terms of abundance ($24,625ind./m^2$ ) and number of species as well, and Gastropods was predominant in biomass ($190,789.0gwwt/m^2$). The dominant species were Omphalius pfeifferi, Astralium haematragum, Musculus viridulus, Halosydna brevisetosa, Phascolosoma scolops, Herdmania monus in 5-20 m. Based on the cluster analysis, the study area could be divided into five station groups. The biodiversity, evenness and richness index appeared as follows: H' = 4.28-4.64, E' = 0.74-0.79, R = 33.17-35.45. The dominance index were highest in Sagye and lowest in Sinhung.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2010

This study was aimed to screen bacteria of high alginate-degrading activity, to select the nitrogen source and concentration of NaCl and sodium alginate for the production of alginate-degrading enzyme, and to determine reaction conditions of enzyme. A novel alginate-degrading bacterium was isolated from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) and named Methylobacterium sp. HJM27 by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The optimum culture conditions for the production of alginate-degrading enzyme were 1.0% sodium alginate, 0.5% peptone, 0.3% yeast extract, 1.5% NaCl, $25^{\circ}C$ and 48 hours incubation time. The raw enzyme showed the highest activity at $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 9, and produced 1.217 g - reducing sugar per liter in 0.8% (w/v) sodium alginate for 30 minutes. Methylobacterium sp. HJM27 and its alginate-degrading enzyme would be useful for the production of bioenergy and biofunctional oligosaccharides from seaweed.