• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2006

The rapid growth of technology for network and terminal devices is able to service multimedia contents in mobile environments. But as the environment of networks and the performance of devices is varied, the same quality service is very difficult to be provided for user in internet and mobile environment. Therefore, multimedia streaming system must provide an adaptive service in considering network and device environment. Video transcoding techniques are the good solution that can provide video streaming service in various network environments adaptively. This paper proposes a dynamic frame-skipping transcoding scheme to provide adaptive streaming service in various network environments. This scheme uses the prediction period for transcoding. A proposed transcoding scheme can reduce time complexity through combination of prediction period and skipping period to control frame-skipping rate in encoder. In simulation results, the performance of proposed scheme is similar to the performance of a traditional dynamic frame-skipping scheme in PSNR value. But the performance of proposed scheme outperforms the performance of traditional scheme in time complexity.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.195-204
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• 2010

Due to improved wireless communication technologies, it is possible to provide multimedia streaming service for mobile device clients like PDAs and cellphones. Wireless networks are serviced on low bandwidth channels and mobile devices work on limited hardware specifications. In these conditions, transcoding technologies are needed to adapt the media for streaming services to given mobile environments. To transcode from the source media to the target media for corresponding grades, transcoding servers perform transcoding jobs as exhausting their resources. Since various transcoding loads occur according to the target transconding grades, an effective transcoding load balancing policy is required among transcoding servers. In addition to transcoding process, servers should maintain QoS streams for mobile clients for total serviced times. It requires real-time requirements to support QoS for various mobile clients. In this paper, a new transcoding load distribution method is proposed. The proposed method can be driven for fair load balance between distributed transcoding servers. Based on estimated transcoding time, movie information and target transcoding bit-rate, it provides fair transcoding load distribution and also performs admission control to support QoS streams for mobile clients.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1347-1358
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• 2008

A blind video watermarking scheme for providing safety, authenticity, and copyright protection is proposed in this paper, which is robust to MPEG-4 SVC and multimedia transcoding. In proposed method, embedding and detecting of watermark is performed based on base layer with considering spatial SVC. To be robust from temporal SVC, our method embeds repeatedly a permutated character with ordering number per one frame. Also for robustness from multimedia transcoding and FGS, the method is embedded watermark in low middle frequency of each frame adaptively based on DCT in ROI. Through experimental results, invisibility of the watermark is confirmed and robustness of the watermark against the spatial SVC, temporal SVC, FGS and video transcoding between MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 SVC is also verified.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.823-835
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• 2006

Multimedia is a very popular service in the Internet. But, we cannot provide multimedia service at a uniform content, because networks and devices are various. Thus, an adaptive service is needed for multimedia transmission. Video Transcoding is the good solution that can service multimedia adaptively. This paper proposes the streaming system that is composed of encoder, transcoder, decoder The encoder enhanced time complexity and PSNR in case of transcoding using PP(Prediction Period). The decoder is almost same as the traditional media player. Transcoder reduced time complexity through combination of prediction period in encoder and skipping period to control frame rate in transcoder. In simulation results, the performances of proposed scheme outperform the system with traditional transcoder in time complexity and PSNR.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.6 s.44
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• pp.227-235
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• 2006

MPEG-21's digital item adaptation technology becomes a new way for universal multimedia access. It needs transcoder to change media resource's format and so on according to delivery context Then, the use of heavy transcoder with various transcoding functions integrated into one altogether is so complicated and difficult in supporting universal multimedia access. Unit transcoder Is useful is to resolve this question, in which a transcoder has only one transcoding function. This requires considering how to compose a set of unit transcoders. Thus, given a set for end-to-end different service quality pairs according to the character of application as defined by user, this study suggests how to compose complete unit transcoders that can always create one and more transcoding path(s) for each pair in the set. This method has a question of creating too many transcoding paths for each pair or end-to-end different service quality. Thus, this study also suggests the algorithm that generates minimum unit transcoder sets to support multimedia adaptation with minimum unit transcoder. The algorithm suggested was implemented into multimedia stream engine, and this paper describes the results of experiment for this algorithm.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.496-504
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• 2004

This paper preposes a various policies and experiment results to select streams in a presentation to be transcoded for mobileterminals after distinguishing the characteristics of streams in the presentation. This applies to the presentation composed of various data streams on a PC server. The rationale of the research is that the stream selection polices for transcoding enhances the speed of presentation in mobile terminals considerably faster than in the case when every stream has to be transcoded. Thus, the thesis suggests a stream selection polices for transcoding based on EPOB (End Point of Over Bandwidth) and aims to lower the requiring bandwidth of the presentation to the network bandwidth as well as to minimize early delay time for the presentation to be played in mobile terminals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.586-588
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• 2004

트랜스코딩에 관련된 연구들은 비디오 스트리밍에 대한 품질관련 연산들을 제공해 주었으나 트랜스코딩 과정에서 발생하는 연산지연과 전송지연에 대한 고려가 부족하였다. 또한 비디오 스트리밍에 대한 캐슁기법과 관련된 연구들은 비디오 스트리밍 서버와 클라이언트 사이의 전송지연을 줄여주는 장점을 제공하는 반면, 트랜스코딩과의 협업을 위한 연동들은 드물었다. 본 논문에서는 대역폭이 유선망에 비해 상대적으로 빈약한 무선망 채널을 통해 연속적인 비디오 스트리밍 서비스를 제공하는 과정 중에 발생하는 전송지연과 연산지연을 동시에 극복할 수 있도록 해주는 통합 시스템 아키텍처와 캐슁 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.554-557
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• 2004

기존의 웹 컨텐츠를 휴대폰이나 PDA 등과 같은 개인용 단말기에 표현하기 위해서는 단말기성능상의 제약(낮은 CPU 성능, 작은 출력 화면, 입출력 방법의 단순함 등)을 고려한 컨텐츠 변환의 과정이 필요하다. 트랜스코딩이란 기존의 웹 컨텐츠를 다양한 단말기의 환경에 따라 적합한 형태로 변환 하는 것을 의미한다. 지금까지의 트랜스코딩에 관한 연구는 단말기의 성능을 고려한 서비스 제공자 중심의 일방적인 컨텐츠 변환 기법으로 사용자 관심사의 반영이 어렵고 서비스 이용의 효율성이 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 관심사를 반영한 어노테이션 기반의 효과적인 XML 문서 트랜스코딩 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 트랜스코딩 프레임워크는 3단계로 구성되며 사용자 어노테이션의 생성, 어노테이션을 이용한 원본 문서의 재구성, 단말기 성능을 고려한 XSLT 변환으로 이루어진다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.15A no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2008

Streaming media has contributed to a significant amount of today's Internet Traffic. Like traditional web objects, rich media objects can benefit from proxy caching, but caching streaming media is more of challenging than caching simple web objects, because the streaming media have features such as huge size and high bandwidth. And to support various bandwidth requirements for the heterogeneous ubiquitous devices, a transcoding proxy is usually necessary to provide not only adapting multimedia streams to the client by transcoding, but also caching them for later use. The traditional proxy considers only a single version of the objects, whether they are to be cached or not. However the transcoding proxy has to evaluate the aggregate effect from caching multiple versions of the same object to determine an optimal set of cache objects. And recent researches about multimedia caching frequently store initial parts of videos on the proxy to reduce playback latency and archive better performance. Also lots of researches manage the contents with segments for efficient storage management. In this paper, we define the 9-events of transcoding proxy using 4-atomic events. According to these events, the transcoding proxy can define the next actions. Then, we also propose the segment-based caching policy for the transcoding proxy system. The performance results show that the proposing policy have a low delayed start time, high byte-hit ratio and less transcoding data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.220-222
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• 2003

최근 무선 통신 기술의 발전으로 인해 무선 사용자를 대상으로 하는 멀티미디어 서비스가 보편화되고 있다. 그러나 무선 단말기의 제한된 능력으로 인해 유선 환경과 동일한 방식으로 무선 환경에서 서비스하는 경우, 이를 무선 단말기 상에서 유연하게 처리하기 어렵기 때문에 멀티미디어 데이터를 무선 단말기에 적합한 형태로 변환시킨 후 무선 사용자에게 전송해야 한다. 이에 따라 무선 사용자에게 효과적인 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 멀티미디어 오브젝트의 프레임 사이즈나 프레임 비율 등을 변환시키는 트랜스코딩 기법에 대한 연구가 현재 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 트랜스코딩을 수행하는 프락시 간의 협동 구조를 바탕으로 사용자 이동성을 기반으로 한 멀티미디어 데이터 서비스의 구조적 효율성을 높이는 방식을 제안한다.