• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.959-967
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• 2004

The concentrations and loads of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wet deposition were investigated at Chungbuk National University in Cheongju, Chungbuk. Event based precipitation samples were collected during 1998 to 2003. The precipitation-weighted mean concentrations of pollutants were 0.60 mg/L for TN, 0.014 mg/L for TP, and 4.8 mg/L for COD, which were smaller than its arithmetic mean concentrations by 26% for TN, 18% for TP, and 14% for COD. The concentrations of TN, TP, and COD significantly decreased with precipitation. Mean concentrations of pollutants in spring (March-May) were higher than in other seasons likely due to dust caused by wind erosion and sand-dust storms, pollen etc. Significant relationships were determined between TN and TP, and TN and COD. Annual loads of wet deposition averaged 7.9 kg/ha$\cdot$yr for TN, 0.19 kg/ha$\cdot$yr for TP, and 63.9 kg/ha$\cdot$yr for COD, which are almost identical to the values of TN and TP but slightly higher than COD value reported in Japan.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2020

Stormwater runoff is known as a major non-point water pollution source that transports heavy metals, which have accumulated in road surface, to stream and coastal area. Dissolved and particulate metals in stormwater runoffs have been investigated to understand the outflow characteristics of heavy metals during rainfall events and to identify their pollution sources. The concentration of dissolved Co and Ni decreased after the outflow with high concentrations at the beginning of the rainfall, and other metals showed different characteristics depending on the rainfall and rate of discharge. Particulate metals showed a similar trend with the temporal variation of suspended solids concentration in stormwater runoffs. The results of geo-accumulation index (I_geo) indicated that the stormwater runoffs from industrial region were very highly polluted with Cu, Zn and Cd. As a result of comparing the metal concentrations of <125 ㎛ for road dust near the study area, Cu, Zn and Cd were originated from inside of metal manufacturing facilities rather than traffic activities at road surface and these metals accumulated on the surface area of facilities were transported to the water environments during stormwater event. The average discharged amounts of heavy metals for one rainfall event were Cr 128 g, Co 12.35 g, Ni 98.5 g, Cu 607.5 g, Zn 8,429.5 g, As 6.95 g, Cd 3.7 g, Pb 251.75 g, indicating that metal runoff loads in the stormwater runoffs are closely related to surrounding industry types.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

In cosmetics market, anti-pollution products recently come up with new solution for skin health. Environmental oxidation mechanisms are realized as bio-marker of atmospheric pollution upon skin by environmental pollutant such as ozone, UV rays, particulate matter (PM) as well as cigarette smoke. The exposure of cigarette smoke directly or indirectly causes the oxidation of the stratum corneum skin lipids, resulting in the conversion of squalene to squalene monohydroperoxide and/or generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a product of lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study is to see whether new cosmetics product containing red beet has anti-oxidation effect on skin exposed by cigarette smoke. So as to determine oxidative damage to human skin at biochemical level, each unit area of volar forearms was exposed to cigarette smoke through device (3.3 cm, diameter) for fifteen minutes, then measured MDA using standardized TBARS assay kit. Compared to negative control (untreated and unexposed area), the level of MDA was significantly increased at positive control (untreated and exposed area) more than 3.7 times, indicating the pollutant induced-oxidative damage on the skin barrier. Whereas, the pre-applied area with the cosmetics products containing red beet revealed a decrease of 25% compared with positive control. As reports, these data demonstrated that cigarette smoke induce peroxidation of stratum corneum skin lipids. Conclusively, we suggest that anti-pollution effect of the cosmetics product containing red beet is beneficial to prevent the oxidation of skin lipids by atmospheric pollution.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 2020

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is a typical health hazard, resulting in about 7 million premature deaths each year. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the major air pollutants, and the combustion process with sulfur-containing fuels generates it. Measuring SO2 generation in large combustion environments in real time and optimizing reduction facilities based on measured values are necessary to reduce the compound's presence. This paper describes the concentration measurement for SO2, a particulate matter precursor, using a wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). This study employed a quantum cascade laser operating at 7.6 ㎛ as a light source. It demonstrated concentration measurement possibility using 64 multi-absorption lines between 7623.7 and 7626.0 nm. The experiments were conducted in a multi-pass cell with a total path length of 28 and 76 m at 1 atm, 296 K. The SO2 concentration was tested in two types: high concentration (1000 to 5000 ppm) and low concentration (10 ppm or less). Additionally, the effect of H2O interference in the atmosphere on the measurement of SO2 was confirmed by N2 purging the laser's path. The detection limit for SO2 was 3 ppm, and results were compared with the electronic chemical sensor and nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2021

Today, the most important factor affecting the quality of human life is thought to be due to the environment. The importance of environmental monitoring systems to improve human life and improve welfare as the magnitude of the damage increases year by year due to the rapid increase in the frequency of hail, typhoons, collapse of incisions, landslides, etc. Is increasing day by day. Among environmental problems, problems caused by water quality have a very high proportion, and as there is a growing concern that the scale of damage will increase when water pollution accidents occur due to urbanization and industrialization, the demand for social water safety nets is increasing. have. In the last 5 years, 259 cases of water pollution (Han River 99, Nakdong River 31, Geum River 25, Seomjin River and Yeongsan River 19, and 85 others) have occurred in the four major river basins. Caused damage. Therefore, it is required to establish a water quality environment management strategy system based on big data that can minimize the uncertainty of the water quality environment by expanding the target of water quality management from the current water quality management system centered on the four major rivers to small and medium-sized rivers, tributaries/branches, and reservoirs. In this paper, we intend to construct and analyze a water quality monitoring system based on big data that can present useful water quality environment information by analyzing the water quality information accumulated for a long time.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6D
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• pp.693-702
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• 2009

In the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), transportation sector is the largest source of air pollutant emissions. Of the total amount of air pollutant emissions in the SMA, about 52% of the particulate matter emissions and 59% of the nitrogen oxide emissions are from superannuated heavy diesel vehicles. To lessen the air pollutant emissions from superannuated heavy vehicles in the SMA, this study devised several strategies for operating Environmental Zone (EZ) program, which requires superannuated heavy diesel vehicles to install reduction equipments as well as restricts them entering part of the SMA, and evaluated the effects of different strategies on air pollution in the SMA. By using the Korean traffic statistics, an evaluation has been made of six EZ scenarios, which were devised by different target areas and vehicles. The results showed that the EZ program with retrofitting a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) equipment to 7-year-old heavy diesel vehicles and early scrapping of pre-1998 heavy diesel vehicles is the most efficient alternative in terms of air pollution reduction. In addition, the results showed that the magnitude of air pollution reduction increases when implementing the EZ program to all entering superannuated heavy diesel vehicles to the SMA rather than registered ones in the SMA.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.442-450
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• 2001

In this study, we collected PM10(particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$) by using a high volume air sampler from March 2000 to September 2000 to investigate the contamination level and the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the ambient air in Ulsan area. Samples were pretreated by the microwave extraction methods, and heaby metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, As, and Pb) were quantified by using and ICP-MS system. The highest PM10 concentrations in the ambient air were $85.6{\mu}g/m^3$ and the aberage value was $37.1{\mu}g/m^3$. The maximum levels of each heavy metal were as follows: $2.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for Fe(Yeocheon-dong), $0.41{\mu}g/m^3$ for Zn(Nammok-2-dong), $0.061{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cd(Yeocheon-dong), $0.20{\mu}g/m^3$ for Pb(Yeocheon-dong), $0.037{\mu}g/m^3$ for Ni(Yeoncheon-dong), $0.88{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cu(Yaeum-dong), $0.042{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cr(Yaeum-dong), and $0.015{\mu}g/m^3$ for As(Onsan). Among concentration of heavy metals, Ni and Zn compounds were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 at Nammok-2-dong.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2003

The wooden striker on the Divine Bell of King Seongdeok was examined to identify the species of the wood and the outdoor wood weathering caused by solar light, moisture, temperature and air. The species of the wooden striker was identified to Zelkova serrata. When observed the striker with naked eyes, the results were surface discoloration (graying), cracking and roughness. In order to examine the morphological changes according to deterioration type, the specimen were separated to three part(I, II,III-spot). The I-spot was discolored to gray and at the same time entirely covered with dust. So the observation was impossible. The II-spot was also discolored but its texture could be observed. On it could observe numerous fungal hypae and dirts like dust flown into the cell lumens. The cell wall has been so weakened by weathering that it lost the physical intensity. This have made microchecks and splits on the cell wall. Although fungal hypae covered the cell, they did not result in wood decay. The III-spot, located just 0.5 mm below the surface, was maintaining the natural red-brown color of the wood. Its cell wall was similar to that of sound wood. These changes are different from wood decay, and limited only to the surface of the striker-less than or equal to 0.5 mm below.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2007

We examined the antimicrobial activity of electrolyzed alkaline water against spoilage microorganisms in rice warehouses. Dominant microbial species were isolated from paddy, dust and air samples of three different warehouses located in Gyeongnam. We used electrolyzed alkaline water (EW) manufactured over various treatment times. The acidities (pH) of EW treated for 30 sec, 1, 2, 3, and 4 min were 8.89, 8.91, 9.20, 9.35, and 9.22, respectively. HClO contents were 150.7, 314.2, 191.8, 104.1, and 255.3 ppm, respectively. EW inhibited bacteria, yeasts, and molds; also, it inhibited three yeast species strongly. The antimicrobial effects of EW increased as pH values and HClO contents increased. EW obtained after 30 sec treatment retained the antimicrobial activities after 14 days whereas EW obtained after 1 and 2 min treatments retained the antimicrobial activities after 21 and 24 days, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.567-575
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• 2021

Residents in Dangjin, South Chungcheong Province, in which large-scale emissions facilities such as coal-fired power plants and steel mills are concentrated, are very much concerned about their health despite the local government's aggressive efforts to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gases. To understand the impact of coal-fired power plants and external factors on local air pollution, the origins of local pollutants were investigated using stable carbon isotopes that are generally used as tracers of the provenance of fine or ultrafine dust. The origins of the pollutants were analyzed with the data library, built using the seasonally measured data for the two separate locations selected considering the distance from the coal-fired power plant and the analysis of previous studies, and with the back trajectory analysis. As a result of analyzing stable isotope ratios, the tendency of high concentration was found in the order of winter > spring > fall > summer. According to the data matching with the library, the mobile pollutants and open-air incineration had a relatively higher impact on the local air pollution. It is believed that this study, as a pilot study, should focus on securing the reliability of the study results through continuous monitoring and data accumulation.