• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

A fungus, Aspergillus sp. PS-104, with the high phosphate-solubilizing activities was isolated from Korean upland soil and formulated into a solid powder type with various additives. For the long-time preservation of conidia, some additives (Tween 80, SDS, Triton X-100, glucose, glycerol, corn oil, bio-ceramic, PEG 200, $Cu^{++}$, $Mo^{+++}$, $Fe^{++}$, $Ca^{++}$ and $Zn^{++}$) were supplemented in the rice-cooked hard medium with various concentrations (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0%). In case of surfactants. the highest relative viability of the Aspergillus sp. PS-104 conidia was recorded nearly to 80% by the addition of 0.01 to 0.1% Tween 80, while 50% in control. The number of conidia were found to be about 100 times higher when treated at 0.01 to 0.1% Tween 80 as compared to control. Relative viability of the conidia was decreased in order of Tween 80 $\geq$ SDS > Triton X-100 during the storage at $25^{\circ}C$. As regards the organic additives, the relative viability of Aspergillus sp. PS-104 conidia was also recorded nearly to 80% by the addition of 1.0% bio-ceramic, and 5.0% glucose and sucrose during the storage at $25^{\circ}C$. In case of metal ions, the relative viability of Aspergillus sp. PS-104 conidia was decreased in order of $Cu^{2+}>Ca^{2+}>Mo^{3+}>Zn^{2+}>Fe^{2+}$ during the storage at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 2010

A simple extraction method was applied to control four selected cyanobacteria, solitary (SMA) and colonial Microcystis aeruginosa (CMA), and green algae, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris using a domestic plant and mineral. Three kinds of concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg $L^{-1}$) of three fresh plants Camellia sinensis, Quercus acutissima, and Castanea crenata, three minerals loess, quartz porphyry, and natural zeolite, and plant-mineral composite, totally seven materials were prepared with the simple extraction processes: drying and grinding of material, water-extraction by high temperature-sonication and filtering. Cyanobacteria SMA and CMA (over 60% of control) were effectively inhibited with the low concentration (1 mg $L^{-1}$) of plants Q. acutissima and C. crenata and natural zeolite, while green alga S. quadricauda (below 50% of control) also retarded in growth. Low concentrations (1 mg $L^{-1}$) of C. sinensis effectively increased the growth of C. vulgaris, while loess also induced the algal growth of S. quadricauda. Therefore, our results indicate that crude extract of domestic plants, Q. acutissima and C. crenata can be also useful to control the cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic lake, whereas C. sinensis and loess may be a good growth factor or useful media for the algal mass culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2000

In an attempt to select grape bag, which elevates grape quality and make easy maturation period determination, the following research was carried out at Chungbuk Institute of Agricultural Technology, Grape Experiment Station. Light transmittance rate of bag reached to 11-65% with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bags. Non-dripped vinyl perforation and white painting bag resulted in 50 and 75%, respectively. Berry weights in non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bag were high than that in paper bag. Non-dripped vinyl perforation 50%, white painting bag brought into fruit cracking, shattering, and rotten fruit, making the investigation difficult. Maturation period preceded about 1-4 day with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl compared with that in paper bag. Soluble solids content with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bags was high and acidity showed a reverse result. Coloring extent was developed rapidly with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl than paper bag. During initial state of coloring, coloring was rapid with Maekban-Stone mixed non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl + non-woven fabric bag. This was rapid with non-woven fabric bag as long appropriate maturation period. Abnormal berry rate was 5.4-7.0% with paper and non-woven fabric bags but brought about as much as 16.6-100% with non-dripped vinyl and it's mixed bags. Appearance quality was the best with index 9.0 for non-woven fabric bag. Maekban-Stone mixed non-woven fabric but non-dripped vinyl performance 50% white painting bag was the least, showing index 1.0. The time consumed for maturation determination was reduced to 74-93% with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bag compared with 17.4h/10a with paper bag.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of various functional materials such as bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites supplemented to the each substrate on the seedlings growth of rices. The rice seedlings were grown in pots filled with substrates supplemented with bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites. The growth of rice seedlings in terms of plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf width, plant fresh and dry weight was promoted by adding the bioceramic powders (2 to 3g/kg), crushed shells (10g/kg) or elvanites (20 to 40g/kg). Plant height was also promoted by the adding of bioceramic powder from 16 days after treatment, whereas crushed shells and elvanites from 10 days after treatment. Especially, root growth was greatly influenced by bioceramic powder, whereas the shoot growth(leaves and stem) was stimulated by the crushed shells and elvanites supplemented into each substrate. In the field, plant growth in terms of plant height, leaf length and leaf width were also influenced by crushed shells and elvanites at 74 days after treatment. The growth of rices in terms of tiller number, spikelets, panicles and spikelets/panicle was incresed by adding the crushed shells and elvanites from 100 to 200g per m2.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.246-254
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• 2008

This study has been performed to evaluate the possibility of utilizing feldspar porphyry as an adsorbent for heavy metals in natural water. The research sample rock 'Maekbansuk' was altered feldspar porphyry which included chlorite, epidote and calcite formed by a prophylitic alteration process. In extraction tests, the majority of extracted elements were Ca and Na, which were extracted in much greater abundance from the groundmass than from the feldspar phenocryst. In adsorption tests, the adsorption capacities of Pb, Fe and Cu within an hour of reaction time were 99, 98 and 97%, respectively, but that of As remained 25% for a full 24 hours. The high adsorption capacities of altered feldspar porphyry for Pb, Fe and Cu suggest its potential utilization as a heavy metal adsorbent fur water purification.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2008

Blood soil and the mixture of blood soil, elvan soil and, silica soil materials were molded, then they were sintered in $1100^{\circ}C$ and were used for the emission of the far infrared ray boll. The emission from the manufactured bolls was relatively high in the range of $8{\sim}12{\mu}m$ wavelength each. The elution of minerals from mixture bolls was very low, but the elimination of heavy metal cadmium ion in activated water and energy water treated with mixture bolls was very high. Activated water and energy water had a high to the UV protected ability in comparison to drinking water.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.150-157
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• 1999

According to the fact that Macbansuk and clay are very porous, we produced combined adsorbent and we investigated the removing capacity of adsorbent to toxic heavy metal (Pb, Cu) in the single and mixed solution.Then the experimental parametars were pH, reaction time and amount of adsorbent. And we studied possibility of adsorbent by applying to the Freundlich isotherm. As raising the pH of single and mixed solution in range 2~5, the maximum adsorption capability was investigated in range 3~4. When Cu and Pb were applied to Freundlich isotherm, l/n were 0.291 and 0.513 respectively. In the case of mixed solution with both, l/n value was 0.614. In this study, we concluded that the combined adsorbent treated toxic heavy metal is possible under 100 ppm of its concentration.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the change of nitrogen in soils treated by cow manure originated from the clay mineral feeding. Bentonite, zeolite, and porphyry were feeded. CEC of the porphyry showed the lowest value, 12.02 cmol/㎏, among three kinds of clay mineral. The manure treated soils were incubated at 14, 18, 22, $25^{\circ}C$. CEC of the manure after bentonite, zeolite, porphyry feeding were 147.5, 137.0, and 114.0 cmol(+)/㎏, respectively. These values were higher than that of non-mineral treated manure, 107.5 cmol(+)/㎏. After 8 weeks incubation, there were no significant difference in the content of $NH_4-N$, but the content of $NO_3-N$ in soils were in order of zeolite treated > bentonite treated > porphyry treated > non-nimeral treated. These results suggested that the clay mineral adsorbed $NH_4\;^+-N$ and prevent the loss of nitrogen from soils.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

The porous pellets were prepared from porphyry by slurry foaming method. The effect of sintering temperatures on pore structure of porous porphyry pellets with different extension ratio ($E_R$) was investigated by specific surface area, water absorption and porosity, which changed with sintering temperatures. When the sintering temperatures increased from $975^{\circ}C$ to $1075^{\circ}C$, specific surface area and water absorption of the all samples decreased. In case of the sample with an equal sintering temperature, $E_R=3.0$ pellets had little influence on pore structure compared to the $E_R=2.0$ pellets. As a results, it was shown by SEM that facilitated formation of micro pores at $E_R=2.0$ pellets shrunk increasingly after sintering process. At $E_R=3.0$ and sintering temperature at $1025^{\circ}C$, optimum conditions of the porous porphyry porous pellets was found. Also, Escherichia coli removal efficiency of the silver-containing porphoyry porous pellets was measured for the feasibility as a antibacterial media. The antibacterial activity of prepared silver-containing sample was maintained above 90% for 40 days.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2001

Effect of Quartz porphyty(QP) on functional and morphological changes of the liver and kidney was studied in male common finch and white java sparrow fed with the basal diet(Control group) or experimental diet containing 3.0% QP(QP group) for 14 days. There was not significantly different morphological change of the liver upon light microscopic examination in common finch and white java sparrow between control group and QP group. Morphological change of renal tissue upon light microscopic examination in common finch and white java sparrow was not also significantly different between control group and QP group. The concentrations of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and nric acid as renal functional parameters of common finch and white java sparrow were not significantly different in the both groups. The activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) as hepatic functional parameter in common finch was significantly higher in the QP group($\rho$<0.05), whereas the activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) as hepatic functional parameter in common finch was not significantly different in the both groups. The activities of GOP and GPT in white java sparrow were not significantly different in the both groups. The morphologic findings and functional parameters of the liver and kidney observed in common finch and white java sparrow fed with 3.0% QP diet showed evidence of slightly liver damage accompanied with increased release of enzyme and fatty change of the hepatocytes in common finch, suggested that the tissues in some animals can be damaged by feeding a diet supplemented with 3.0% QP.