• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.253-264
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• 2017

The advent of the $4^{th}$ industrial Revolution requires entrepreneurship to the student as one able to produce creative solutions of complex problems embedded in society with active engagement. Maker Education indicates a new educational approach in which students produce a tangible output as a concrete solution to their problems, experiencing spirits of productive failure, sharing and openness with others during the process due to its educational values and effects which are well-matched with entrepreneurship. This study, in this context, aimed to verify the effect of the maker education in the sense of cultivating entrepreneurship: For this purpose, this study conducted a case study of Maker Education to 56 university students during 7 weeks (14 hours) in K university. The results based upon data analysis collected from reflective journals and interviews showed attitude change of the students in terms of entrepreneurship characterized as self-directedness, risk-taking, and creativity. For more active practices of Maker Education in higher education, both instructors' role as the facilitator, and easily and freely accessible Maker Space should be considered.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.2 no.2 s.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

This Article examines the main approaches to the public understanding of science(PUS) in light of the changing relation of science and public. Traditional approach called deficit model recognizes scientific knowledge as a entity, unidirectionally diffusing to public. This View basically presupposes the gap between science and public. Meanwhile, this approach has an aspiration to reduce the gap. So there is a paradoxical situation in the traditional PUS. Public perception of environmental crisis and risk of science has been risen since late 1980's. And the science technology studies (STS) have criticized traditional approach. STS proposes new approach of constructive PUS. Constructive PUS conceives the public to have heterogeneous, local characteristic. This approach has been very fertile both in theory and practice. But most recently, newly proposed approach, so called heterogeneous PUS, criticizes constructive PUS. Main point of criticism is that constructive PUS has dichotomy between science and public, and romanticizes the public. It is uncertain whether heterogeneous PUS can take place of constructive PUS. But this trend has the implication that the relation of science and public is constantly changing.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.33-66
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• 2004

In these days, science is too complex and comprehensive scientific practices to be reduced to scientific knowledge. Also it's actors go beyond the limit of scientist society to the broad range of supporting system scientific journalism, education, and business. Science is very important cultural practice of our times. This Study focus on the effect of interdisciplinary approach in understanding modern science culture. First, this paper suggest the approach of public understanding of science(PUS) as a framework PUS has provided new perspectives for the relation of scientific knowledge and understanding. Traditional approach(so-called 'deficit model') regarded understanding as mere transportation of scientific knowledge. So it may be called 'knowledge-oriented approach' to understanding. But PUS consider understanding process of 'dynamic reconstructing' which is occurred in complex socio-cultural context. Second, this article analysis the Korea University STS course(2002-2003) 'Science Technology & Society' as the case study. The case study examine how interdisciplinary approach help students to understand 'sciene in the making'.

• 한국과학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1-34
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• 2008

본 인식 조사에서 나타난 결과와 개선 방안의 도출과 관련한 시사점을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내 연구부정행위 실태는 우려할만한 수준으로 나타났다. 위조, 변조, 표절, 부당한 저자 배분, 업적 부풀림 등 연구부정행위에 대해 연구비 유용이나 횡령보다 훨씬 더 만연한 것으로 응답하였다. 연구부정행위가 발각되는 정도에 대해서는 의견이 분분하였으나 처벌의 수위는 엄격하지 않다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 본인의 연구윤리 의식이 타인에 비해 높은 것으로 자부하고 있으나 부정행위 인지시의 행동에 대해서는 바람직하다고 생각하는 행동과 자신의 예상 행동 사이에 괴리를 보였고, 바람직하다고 생각하는 행동도 매우 소극적인 것으로 나타났다. 부정행위 실태 조사에서 나타난 중요한 사실은 주로 기초 연구를 수행하는 과기부/교육부 사업 수행자가 응용이나 개발 연구를 수행하는 산자부/정통부 사업 수행자에 비해 자신의 연구 분야에서 연구부정행위가 훨씬 더 만연해 있는 것으로 응답한 것이다. 둘째, 가장 심각한 연구윤리 저해 요인에 대해서는 단기간 성과의 강조, 연구 수주의 경쟁 심화, 정량적 성과 주의 등을 꼽았으며, 전체적으로 개인적/문화적 요인보다는 구조적/조직적 요인, 특히 구조적 요인이 더 중요한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 신뢰도 분석 결과 제3장에서의 분석을 바탕으로 본 연구에서 제시한 구조적, 조직적, 개인적, 문화적 요인의 구분은 유효한 구분으로 나타났다. 대학에 비해 정출연 소속 연구자들이 구조적 요인이 연구부정행위와 더 관련이 많다고 인식하고 있었으며, 기업 소속 연구자들은 구조적 요인이나 조직적 요인과의 관련성이 더 적은 것으로 인식하고 있어 본 연구에서 제시한 여러 저해 요인들이 대학이나 정출연에 더욱 밀접한 것으로 나타났다. 개인적 요인에 대해서는 여성이나 고연령층에서 부정행위와의 관련성을 더 크게 느끼고 있었다. 셋째, 개선 방안에 대해서는 과도한 연구비의 집중 방지, 소규모 개인과제 확대, 평가의 전문성과 공정성 확보를 가장 효과적인 방안으로 인식하고 있었다. 부정행위에 대한 처벌의 강화와 양적 평가의 개선에 대해서도 효과를 높이 기대하고 있었다. 연구윤리 교육이나 상대 평가의 강화, 진실성 검증 시스템의 보완 등에 대해서는 큰 효과를 기대하지 않고 있었으나 이는 국내에서 그동안 연구윤리에 대한 체계적 교육이나 진실성 검증 시스템이 존재하지 않은 탓에 연구자들이 그 효과를 잘 인식하지 못하고 있다는 점이 고려되어야 할 것이다. 개선 방안을 크게 평가, 선정, 수행, 연구윤리의 인프라로 구분하였을 때에는 선정과 평가와 관련된 개선이 시급한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 사업별로는 과기부/교육부 사업 수행자가 선정과 관련된 개선의 효과를 더욱 크게 느끼고 있었고 소속기관으로는 대학 연구자들이 더욱 크게 느끼고 있어, 소규모 과제의 확대와 연구비 집중 문제 해결, 경쟁 완화 등이 대학과 기초연구분야에 더욱 절실하다는 것을 나타내었다. 전체적으로 제시된 세부 항목에 대해 과기부/교육부 사업 수행자가 산자부/정통부 사업 수행자보다 효과성을 높게 보고 있는 것은 연구부정행위 실태에 대해서도 더 심각하게 인식하는 것과 맥락을 같이한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안하는 여러 개선 방안들을 단계적으로 적용한다고 할 때 우선 기초연구나 개인 단위 과제 중심으로 적용하는 것이 효과성이나 필요성의 측면에서 모두 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.137
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• pp.383-407
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• 2016

Considering the long time that modern man has been autonomous, it can be said that the brutal human violence prevalent around the globe today is an 'exceptional situation'. Behavior such as killing animals or devastating the natural environment are thought to be unavoidable. However, if human beings have been 'social animals' pursuing connectedness and seeking meaning in the relationships of others beyond themselves since the beginning of time, how can the incredibly powerful violence which humankind has inflicted on plants, other animals, or the earth itself be explained? With this in mind, I propose the following arguments. First, the crisis of consciousness in the loss of hope for the future of mankind under the technology of modern Western civilization has already come to a dead-end causing Western philosophers to think of ways to discover new opportunities, apparent as ecology and ecological philosophy. Second, as reality has become governed by the technology of modern Western civilization and ecological philosophical rationality fails to co-exist with this reality, an understanding of ecological philosophy should be deepened and continued. In this context, I will investigate the existential conditions for human life to continue in the future in consideration of ecological philosophy and the meaning of Forest.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.163-190
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• 2017

This paper studies the recent surge in the number of faith-based films in Hollywood, with the aim to explore the context and implications of this new trend. By using the theoretical framework of the study of the Tilich and Van der Leeuw, who have explored the relationship between religion, culture and art, this article discusses the meaning of the spiritual theme in the film. A couple of common points can be found among the faith-based films that have been produced since the 2010s. While these films attempt a universal approach to the fundamental theme of spirituality through popular narratives familiar to the audience, they also stress 'historical truthfulness and credibility' by representing the reality, such as a featuring real person or a true story in the film. The main characters are depicted as "victorious losers" that are distinguished from the typical Hollywood superhero and the films repeatedly show the human being constantly 'asking' questions to God. By analyzing these characteristics, the paper demonstrates that recent Hollywood faith-based films have successfully differentiated themselves from existing religious films while symbolizing the universal beliefs and values beyond the religious message so as to attract more audiences to this field. The paper also suggests that despite the advances in modern science and knowledge, the public will always yearn for a spiritual recovery and salvation through the film medium, serving as a potential source that provides an outlet for spiritual experience.

• Survey Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.127-147
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• 2017

Despite the importance of questionnaires, little survey methodology research on questionnaire design has been conducted in Korea. The purpose of this study was to explore whether two questionnaire forms (close-ended vs. open-ended questions) about 'the most important problem in Korea' elicited similar responses. During the 2016 Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), a random half of respondents were asked the open-ended question form and the remaining half were asked the close-ended question form. While the economy is the most mentioned response (35% vs. 33.2%) to both close-ended and open-ended question forms, there is similarity in the order of highly mentioned responses if we consider that 'politics' is not provided as one of response categories in the close-ended question form. The order of second to fourth response category is crime (24.4%), education (15.4%), and poverty (6.3%) to the closed-ended question form, and politics (10.8%), crime (9.5%), and education (7.6%) to the open-ended question form. Also, the characteristics of respondents who responded with the economy as being the most important are slightly different between the two halves in terms of age, household income, and satisfaction with economic condition. Our findings suggest that we need to be careful when we adopt questions developed in other countries and to consider using survey experiments in pre-testing questionnaire items.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.53
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• pp.193-218
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• 2018

In this essay, I examine the interactions of chronotopes in the narrative of Gangnam Blues, a film written and directed by Yu Ha and released in 2015. Bakhtin's chronotope, the connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships in literary narratives, provides the background for the representability of events and becomes the organizing center for the events. Each chronotope offers a different way of acting, interacting and understanding experience, and chronotopes can interact with each other in a single text or between the reader and the represented world. Gangnam Blues is a gangster movie, first of all, showing an individual's illusion of an unlimited possibility for achieving wealth and power. At the same time, the film describes the government's project to transform Gangam, a rural area in the south of the Han, into a new downtown and residential area for Seoul. As the world in the narrative and the world of the author or the reader are all chronotopic, we can see the interactions of chronotopes between the narrative of an individual and the historical narrative, as well as between the narrative about the beginning of Gangnam and the audience's perception of the present Gangnam. In this film, the main character's ambition is shown as part of the social desire for rapid economic achievements in the 1970s, along with high social mobility. The social desire can be explained as envy, as it is fueled by social comparisons and competitions. The main character's pursuit of money and power through the possession of Gangnam land overlaps with the envious desire for the present Gangnam shared by many. The individual's exceptional ambition and violence are not fully examined in this text. Moreover, the film's dependence on the feelings of envy to represent the individual's choice and violence can be a symptom of the lack of critical distance from social desire and envy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.610-617
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• 2019

The urban-rural complex area in Korea has a distinctive spatial structure where the urban area and rural area coexist. Therefore, in order to cope with the over-depopulation in the rural region of the urban-rural complex area, it is necessary to explore various policies that can prevent the existing residents from leaving, and in fact support them to remain where they currently reside. In this context, this current study analyzed the factors affecting the existing residents' continuous intention to remain by employing the '2017 Chuncheon City Social Survey' as a countermeasure for the over-depopulation of the rural region in the urban-rural complex area. Especially, since a regional identity is determined endogenously, this study used a simultaneous bivariate ordered probit model with giving consideration to the endogenous relationship between a regional identity and a regional residents' intentions. As a result, it was found on analysis that the regional residential intention was higher as the regional identity was stronger. Furthermore, the regional identity was stronger as a householders' age and residence period were longer, and also as the residents were satisfied with their work leisure and life residence balance. It was also found that the residents' intention was higher as the residents' satisfaction with the local medical service and their work was increased. Thus, supporting policy is needed that can provide appropriate quality-of-life services in a timely manner, but only after identifying the demand for these services by the rural residents in the urban-rural complex area.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.389-403
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze criteria and characteristics for preservice elementary teachers' critiques of their peers' inquiry-based instruction. This study reviews critiques written by 31 preservice elementary teachers enrolled in an elementary school science inquiry methods course wherein the teachers designed and implemented inquiry-based instruction. These preservice teachers participated in inquiry-based instruction as if they were elementary students and then evaluated their peers' instruction. Analysis of the critiques reveals that preservice teachers evaluated their peers' instruction on the following criteria: instruction context, science content, teaching strategies, students, instructional goals, non-verbal attitude, and assessment. Their beliefs about teaching science inquiry were reflected in the critiques. Additionally, it was found that four orientation for teaching inquiry-didactic, academic rigor, activity-driven, inquiry orientation-reflected in critiques; some of critiques held more than one of these orientations. And they did not merely criticize but suggested alternatives to general teaching strategies; furthermore, of inquiry-instruction specific teaching strategies. They showed higher epistemic understanding of inquiry-based instruction after mid-term demonstrations. The evidence demonstrated that the proportion of critiques specifically about inquiry-based instruction increased after the mid-term demonstrations. Moreover, the post mid-term critiques emphasized interaction between students as well as understanding of the nature of science. These findings could provide implication for teaching inquiry and criticizing others' instruction as part of elementary school science courses in preservice elementary teacher education.