• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.385-388
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• 2023

Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), a polyphagous insect pest belonging to the family Lymantriidae, is widely distributed in Korea, Japan, Siberia, Europe, and North America. They pose a threat to various host plants including pear trees, apple trees, and blueberries. Traditionally considered a forest pest, the increasing incursion of gypsy moths into agricultural land near forested areas has intensified damage to crops lacking effective control methods. This study aimed to investigate the temperature-dependent development of gypsy moths to enhance outbreak prediction and advance technology development. The effects of temperature on development of each life stage were investigated under constant temperature conditions of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33℃ (14L:10D, RH 60±5%) utilizing egg masses collected in Jeollanam-do Jangheung-gun in 2021. The results revealed that higher temperatures accelerated the development rate of the gypsy moth larvae with optimal development occurring at 30℃. However, the survival rate was lowest at 33℃. At the favorable temperature of 30℃, the total development period was 43.8 days for females and 42.5 days for males. The developmental threshold temperature were 13.1℃ for females and 12.5℃ for males, with effective accumulated temperature of 641.1 DD and 657.8 DD, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.507-512
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• 2022

The Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is a serious pest that attacks forest as well as fruit trees. We sequenced the 15,548 bp long complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of this species. It consists of a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and one major non-coding A + T-rich region. The orientation and gene order of the L. dispar mitogenome are identical to that of the ancestral type found in majority of the insects. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs (13,568 bp including gaps) revealed that the L. dispar examined in our study, together with other geographical samples of L. dispar in a group forming the family Erebidae and consistently supported the monophyly of each family (Erebidae, Euteliidae, Noctuidae, Nolidae and Notodontidae), generally with the highest nodal supports.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2021

Asian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar asiatica (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), which is an indigenous pest in Korea, a large outbreak has been reported in Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, and northern Gyeongsangbuk-do from 2019 in forest and nearby downtown areas, causing emotional damage to forests and city dwellers. During the indoor culture of gypsy moth eggs collected in Yecheon, Gyeongbuk in 2021 we found that 79.65% (321/403 of first instar larvae) were died due to Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) infection. Sequence analyses of 36 gypsy moths collected from 12 regions in Korea using LdMNPV late expression factor-8 (lef-8) and polyhedrin (polh) genes showed a genetic variation of 0.80% and 0.86%, respectively. Comparison to GenBank data showed that the Korean samples were most similar to LdMNPV in Japan, whereas most different to those of Turkey. These results showed a high infection rate of LdMNPV in Korea and LdMNPV is one of the important population regulators of the gypsy moth.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.689-690
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• 2022

To establish a control strategy for the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar asiatica), a sporadic pest, the insecticidal activity of 21 eco-friendly agricultural materials was tested at recommended concentrations under laboratory conditions. Among these, 11 eco-friendly agricultural materials showed more than 90% insecticidal activity. In response to the PLS(positive list system), the results of this study can be used to control of gypsy moth and development of eco-friendly agricultural materials.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 1989

The oviposition behavior of Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyridae) was examined in a small petri dish containing eggs of gypsy moth, Lymantrt'a dt'spar L. The behavioral sequence from initial searching movement toward the host egg through oviposition, departure, and auxiliary phase activities such as resting, glooming, and host feeding were described. Oviposition experience shortened the approach time to subsequent eggs. The time spent for contacting the host egg also decreased with oviposition experience. Oviposition experience may play an important role in host recognition and increasing oviposition efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2000

Field collections were made from six gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Populations in Kyonggy and Cheju areas during the period 1987∼1997. Characteristics of gypsy moth populations at different phases were examined in terms of egg mass density, relative larval density, plant damage, and fecundity. Males captured in pheromone trap were recorded, and we examined if there was a relationship between numbers captured and the population density during the following generation. Egg mass density was closely related with larval density, and furthermore these densities were correlated with the level of plant damage, indicating that larval dispersion was limited in oviposition areas. The gypsy moth population cycle was short in Korea with the period from population development to innocuous level usually lasting 2∼3 years. Male caught by pheromone trap (mean number of males caught per trap per day in peak emergence period) was positively correlated with egg mass densities in the following season (r²=0.93). A low fecundity was detected from outbreak populations which accompanied defoliation. Fecundity of gypsy moth ranged from 538 to 601 at other phases.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2018

Eggs, immature eggs, and pupae of 8 different insects (Halyomopha halys, Riptortus pedestris, Lymantria dispar, Antheraea yamamai, Verlarifictorus spp, Antheraea pernyi, and Musca domestica) including Lycorma delicatura were used to select the alternative host for laboratory mass rearing of A. orientalis. Except L. delicatula's eggs and immature eggs of A. pernyi, other 7 tested insects were not parasitized by A. orientalis. A. pernyi was reared with oak tree leaves and its cocoons were harvested on mid-July and early October. On 4 or 5 days after emergence, only female adults showing swollen abdomen were collected and stored at $1{\sim}5^{\circ}C$. We could get 150~200 eggs per one female by dissecting the female's abdomen. For examining the possibility for laboratory mass rearing of A. orientalis with A. pernyi's immature eggs, developmental periods from egg to pupa between the two different hosts were compared. Developmental periods were 36.1 days on immature eggs of A. pernyi and 36.8 days on an original host's eggs, respectively. The number of parasitized eggs by A. orientalis' female for 24 h was 3.4 on immature eggs of A. pernyi and 4.2 on an original host's eggs, respectively. However, there were no significant statistical differences in developmental period and parasitization between the two hosts. By supplying honeyed water to newly emerged female parasitoids, it was able to maximize their longevities up to 64.3 days after emergence. Therefore, our results support potential for laboratory mass-rearing of A. orientalis using A. pernyi's immature eggs as an alternative host.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.299-303
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• 1999

Studies were conducted in Mt. Namsan, Seoul, during the summer of 1997 and 1998 using racemic disparlure to determine seasonal occurrence and circadian activity in male gypsy moth, and size of egg mass and wing length of male moth. Male gypsy moths occurred from middle part of July until middle part of August and peaked in late part of July. Circadian activity of male moths initiated from 12: 00h and continued until 21: 00h, and the peak time was between 14: 00h and 17: 00h. Mean number of moths captured per trap in 1997 was larger than that in 1998, however, eggs per mass, egg size and wing length were not significantly different between the two years, 1997 and 1998.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.346-353
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• 1990

Two storage proteins, storage protein-1 (SPl) and storage protein -2 (SP2) were found in hemolymph and fat body during the development of Lymantria dispar L. SP1 has a molecular weight of 440, 000 and consists of six identical subunits (MW = 72, 000). The pI value of SP1 was 6.2. SP1 shows a similar high concentration during the late larval stage in both male and female. However, SP1 represents a quite different pattern during pupal stage between male and female. SP1 gradually decreases in male but increases in female. SP1 is immunologically identical to yolk protein. Also, SP1 of L. dispar shows immunologically partial reactions with storage proteins of Hyphantria cunea and Galleria mellonella.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 1991

Juvenile honnone binding protein (JHBP) was identified in the last instar larval hemolymph of Lymantria dispar using dextran coated charcoal (DCC) binding assay and gel filtration. The p1 value of JHBP was estimated to be 5.3. JHBP was partially pudfied by polyethylene glycol(PEG) precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and was confirmed by DCC binding assay.