• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.372-382
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• 2006

Most of the conventional breakwaters impermeable breakwaters which block seawater exchange between the outside and inside of the harbors. The blocking of seawater exchange may cause pollution of water in harbors. To solve the water pollution problem, various kinds of seawater exchange breakwaters have been proposed. Their types can be classified into the current type which uses tidal current, and the overtopping type which uses the wave energy. The overtopping type breakwaters require a discharge coefficient to calculate the rate of overtopping into the harbor. The present study is to compute the rate of overtopping with introduction of a correct discharge coefficient and to evaluate the effect of the overtopping type breakwater on the water qualify inside a harbor. The rate of overtopping was computed by using Forchheimer formula with time dependent mild-slope equation for various wave conditions. The formula has been generally used to calculate the overflow discharge in steady state river flows. The discharge coefficient, which is the key parameter of the calculation, was determined by a series of hydraulic model tests. The present scheme was applied to the seawater exchange section of the western breakwater of Jeju New Harbor's and the efficiency of that section was examined. The calculated results showed that the rate of overtopping into the harbor reached about $27.5m^3/s$ in the wave condition (wave height 3.7 m, wave period 8.5s, and wave direction NNW).

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1107-1121
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• 2008

The simple equation of GIUH are frequently used in many researches instead of the derived equation of GIUH. However it is still unknown whether the simple equation of GIUH is adaptable for estimating IUHs for basins with various geomorphologic conditions. To verify the applicability of the simple equation of GIUH, in this research, four basins which were Bangrim, Sanganmi, Museong, and Byeongcheon were selected and each basin was assumed as the third and fourth stream order basin according to variable resolutions. After than, IUHs were estimated using the derived and simple equations of GIUH. Eight to sixteen hydrographs were estimated from the each IUH, compared with observed graphs. In case of that the basin is assumed as a third order stream, the derived equation underestimated the peak flows while the simple equation overestimated them. When the basin is assumed as a fourth order stream, the simple equation generally overestimated the peak flows whereas the derived equation produced peak flows good agreement with the observed peak flow. Moreover, the simple equation showed various deviations in accuracy whereas the derived equation produced stable results. Based on the fact found from this research, it can be concluded that the derived equation of GIUH brings better results than the simple equation of GIUH to estimate IUHs for ungauged basins.

• CRM연구
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-72
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• 2009

Customer's reward program is a prevailing promotional technique. Recently, both management and marketing fields have been interested in the failure of customer's reward program. However, there are few empirical research regarding this. Therefore, this study examined a research model that employs justice in processing of customer's reward program perceived by customer to explain commitment(calculative commitment, affective commitment) and complaining behavior which is mediated by negative affect. Data was collected from the customers who dissatisfied with their reward programs. For the analysis, frequency, cronbach' ${\alpha}$ and path analysis were used as statistical test tool. Additionally, SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 4.0 were used for analyzing the hypotheses. As a result, proposed structural model largely supports the hypothesized framework and the major findings of this study are summarized as follows: First, distributive and interactional justice were negatively related to negative affect. But procedural justice didn't influence negative affect. Second, negative affect was negatively related to calculative commitment. But affective commitment wasn't influenced by negative affect. Third, negative affect was positively related to complaining behavior. Fourth, calculative commitment was negatively related to complaining behavior. But negative affect didn't influence complaining behavior. In conclusion, It can be posited that justice, negative affect, 2 forms of commitment and complaining behavior are important factors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 2016

This study structurally analyzes the relations between children's pet attachment, empathy ability, and prosociality. The results are used to investigate the relations between pet attachment and empathy ability, which have recently emerged as important variables that affect children's prosociality. Data were collected about pet attachment, empathy ability, and prosociality from 209 elementary students in Daejeon who had experience with raising pets. SPSS 22.0 software was used for descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability analysis, and AMOS 22.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and to examine the structural equation model. According to the analyses, children's pet attachment did not affect their prosociality but did influence their empathy ability. Children's empathy ability affected their prosociality and had a mediating effect on the relation between their pet attachment and prosociality. The results indicate that children's pet attachment and empathy ability are essential factors that influence prosociality. To improve prosociality, efforts should be made increase pet attachment and empathy ability. The study results can be used as a theoretical and practical fundamental basis for plans to improve children's pet attachment, empathy ability, and prosociality.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2018

This paper aims to investigate the moderating effects of strength and opportunity factors between entrepreneurship of food service franchisor's CEO and performance in hood service franchise. For analyzing the relationship of them, the entrepreneurship factors categorized with organizational risk taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness from previous researches(Khandwalla, 1977; Miller, 1983; Miller, 1983). Also, strength and opportunity factors classified into detailed subfactor by confirmatory factor analysis. As a result, we found some statistically significant effects between the strength and opportunity factors and entrepreneurship factors, and they sequentially affects to performance. This result means that strength and opportunity factors have a role as a moderating variables. That is, as a presented with previous research, there is verified that entrepreneurship is caused by organizational risk taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. Also, strength and opportunity factors significantly affect to business performance. Some guidelines for practicing potential food service franchise as a result of this would include; first of all, it is important to support the potential food service franchise consulting approach for some competitive advantage; secondly, effective governmental support programs for food service franchise should be developed for positive impacts of according to these results.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 2020

The hydrological characteristics of watersheds and hydraulic systems of urban and river floods are highly nonlinear and contain uncertain variables. Therefore, the predicted time series of rainfall-runoff data in flood analysis is not suitable for existing neural networks. To overcome the challenge of prediction, a NARX (Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Model), which is a kind of recurrent dynamic neural network that maximizes the learning ability of a neural network, was applied to forecast a flood in real-time. At the same time, NARX has the characteristics of a time-delay neural network. In this study, a hydrological model was constructed for the Taehwa river basin, and the NARX time-delay parameter was adjusted 10 to 120 minutes. As a result, we found that precise prediction is possible as the time-delay parameter was increased by confirming that the NSE increased from 0.530 to 0.988 and the RMSE decreased from 379.9 ㎥/s to 16.1 ㎥/s. The machine learning technique with NARX will contribute to the accurate prediction of flow rate with an unexpected extreme flood condition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.136-144
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• 2011

The Purpose of this research was to identify the factors have influenced Word-of-mouth with a personal Innovativeness in using QR code and to get an advertising & marketing side implication. For this, researcher examined a SEM (structural equating model) methodology of the route from the study on the influencing factors the QR code user's pre and post acceptance behavior and applied the examined variables, existing Expanded TAM, TRAM, PAM which is a contribution points. As a result of this study, first, it was confirmed that the personal innovativeness affected user's perceived usefulness, joyfulness, use intention, and satisfaction. Second, it was confirmed that innovativeness affected perceived usefulness, use intention and this route connected to WOM, in other side, it was discussed that innovativeness affected joyfulness, satisfaction and this route connected to WOM. The above result means that 'joyfulness', 'satisfaction' are important elements, in terms of marketing aspect, for the companies to take an advantage of QR Code as a means of advertising. It should be understood that users don't spend their time on the service having no joy as quality of life improves. After all, it means that uninteresting QR Code isn't suitable for mediums of advertising.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.212-226
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• 2013

In this paper, I tried to analyze objectively the structural relation among market directivity, study directivity, and achievement of organization which are intended to equip competitive power of social welfare organization on the social service market centrally formed by the voucher business. Data collection objectives is consist of 7 metropolitan cities social welfare organizations, performing voucher businesses of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and data is secured from 203 institutions. Some basic technological statistics and regression analysis employing structural equation was used for analysing data. Analyzed result, the structural relation among market directivity and study directivity and organizational performance is appeared meaningfully according to the fact that goodness of fit coefficients is TLI = .86, CFI = .89, RMSEA = .02. With respect to achievement of organization, market directivity and study directivity are all confirmed as positively influenced. The results of analysis about whether market directivity and study directivity for achievement of organization is direct effect or indirect effect shows that market directivity and study directivity are all influenced both directly to organizational performance, and as parameter. By the results of this research, social welfare organizations performing voucher business are to have practical implication requiring organization learning needed collecting and sharing the relevant information and organizational response toward voucher social service market.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.683-689
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• 2017

Given that the ratio of adolescents among North Korean refugees is increasing, it is the right time to study the present situation of juvenile North Korean defectors. North Korean adolescents tend to find themselves in an uncomfortable situation as they experience unfamiliar lives in South Korea, and act passively in various situations. A proper resolution of such problems in this situation will help them adapt smoothly to South Korean society. This study investigates the relationship between social support, self-esteem, and problem-solving abilities of North Korean adolescent refugees based on a survey on 213 North Korean teens which was performed for 24 days beginning on June 14 2017. The study results show that emotional, material, informational, and evaluative support for North Korean adolescent defectors, which is a type of social support, had a positive effect on their self-esteem, and self-esteem in turn had a positive effect on their problem solving ability. In addition, self-esteem had a mediating effect on the relationship between the four types of social support and problem solving ability of North Korean adolescent defectors. This study suggested a practical plan to improve the problem solving ability of North Korean adolescent defectors for their smooth adaptation to South Korean society, through social support and improved self-esteem of North Korean adolescents, such as program development or self - development training.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3490-3498
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• 2014

This study examined the relationship among service quality perceived by consumers according to the types of driving ranges(I: indoor and outdoor), market segmentation, the reason for choice of the driving range, customer satisfaction and loyalty and analyze their causal relationship. To reach this goal, this study conducted a questionnaire research for consumers of driving ranges by dividing it into the indoor and outdoor ranges. The quest-factor analysis(SPSSWIN Ver 13.0), the confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation modeling method (AMOS 6.0) were used to analyze the data collected for this study. Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: The reason for the choice in both indoor driving and outdoor driving had no direct influence on the customer loyalty, but it had an indirect influence on the customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and service expectation. In addition, the service expectation had a direct influence on the customer loyalty in both indoor driving and outdoor driving. Therefore, the customer satisfaction in both indoor driving and outdoor driving serve as a significant mediating variable to reinforce the relationship between the service quality and customer loyalty.