• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2011

The seed characteristics of Withania somnifera were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the specific features of this species. The seed color is yellow, and the seed shape is reniform measuring between two to three millimeters. The seed of W. somnifera is exarillate and albuminous. The seed coat type is exotestal. The seed coat develops from a single integument. The young seed coat consists of single-layered exotesta, multi-layered mesotesta and single-layered endotesta. However, parenchymatous mesotesta layers are completely compressed at maturity. Therefore, the seed coat was represented by sclerenchymatous exotesta. The primary sculpture on the seed surface is reticulate, and cells are irregular in shape with undulating anticlinal walls. In addition, the seed surface has several characteristic holes between the anticlinal walls.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.203-221
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• 1994

Pollen grains of 19 taxa belonging to 12 genera in 5.families of the Korean gymnosperms were investigated by LM, SEM and TEM, and their morphological characters were described and palynological keys were made for each family. From the taxonomic viewpoint, palynological characters are very available to intergeneric and intrageneric classifications since their distinctive differences in pollen shape, size, condition of surface, sculpture pattern and presence of air bladders and projection except for the intrageneric classification of the genus Pinus since the overlapped characters such as pollen size and sculpture pattern. Pollen grains of Picea koraiensis in the family Pinaceae are distinguished from thc genera Pinus and Abies for the reasons that shape of air bladders are irregular, air bladders are bigger than pollen body, and pollen wall is thin. Compared with the genera Abies and Pinus that have air bladders, Picea koraiensis is closely related to Abies in that pollen body wall become gradually thin from pole of proximal face to air bladder, surface of pollen body is not rough, and pollen size is similar to that of the genus Abies. The presence of ektexine and enexine in proximal face, and the connections of the former to air bladder wall and the latter to distal face were elucidated by the investigation of pollen grains with air bladders through TEM. Endexine of the families of Taxaceae, Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae was also obse-rved as a pile of laminae. From the observation by SEM, sculpture pattern of air bladder was foveolate with fine pits on surface. Sculpture pattern of air bladder is reticulate under LM, but observed by TEM, it resulted from the transmission of netted structure in air bladder.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2002

The retinae of Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor are divided into four layers that are an outer segment, a rod base region, an inner segment, and a plexiform layer, respectively. The retina of Octopus minor is about $20{\mu}m$ thicker ($400{\sim}420{\mu}m$) than that of Todarodes pacificus ($385{\sim}400{\mu}m$). A retina is composed of visual cells and supporting cells. The microvilli of length $0.6{\sim}0.7{\mu}m$ are packed densely on top of the supporting cells of Octopus minor while they are not found in Todarodes pacificus. The visual cells and supporting cells have pigment granules that exclude light. In case of Todarodes pacificus, the pigment granules of the visual cell are larger ($2.0{\times}0.5{\mu}m$) than those of the supporting cell ($1.0{\times}0.3{\mu}m$). But, the sizes of both cells are similar in Octopus minor. In the upper portion of a visual cell, microvilli shaped like a comb are forming a rhabdome (diameter, 60 nm) of a hexagonal structure. The rhabdome consists of 4 rhabdomere and the total area of a rhabdom of Octopus minor is larger than that of Todarodes pacificus. The synaptosome constructing a plexiform layer in Todarodes pacificus are divided into two types, each of which possess electron dense-core vesicles and electron lucent vesicles, respectively. Octopus minor also has two types of synaptosomes but each type comprises a mixture of electron dense vesicles and electron lucent vesicles, and electron lucent vesicles only, respectively, which is different from the case of Todarodes pacificus.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.127-140
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible benefits of combining transportation planning models with geographic information systems (GIS) in the hope that intergrating these systems can alleviate the inherent problems of transportation planning models such as user unfriendliness, labor intensiveness, and theoretical limitations. Specially, this paper focuses on the issue of incompatiblity between GIS and the conventional transportation planning models in dealing with network topologies. Resolving this conflict in topologies is a conerstone for eliminating the user-unfriendliness and labor-intensiveness issues. This paper presents the development of an algorithm that converts GIS topology into transportation network topology. The FORTRAN-based topology conversion algorithm generates transportation networks from the GIS cartographic file and establishes a communication charmel between the two systems.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 1989

Effects of cooking and drying methods on the taste component and microstructure of shrimp, Metapenaeus joyneri, were investigated. The nucleotides and their related compounds of fresh shirmp such as ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, inosine and hypoxanthine were detected. AMP was detected as a trace amount in fresh shrimp, however, it increased up to $23.5{\sim}45.7{\mu}$ moles with cooking and drying due to the decomposition of ATP and ADP to AMP during cooking and drying. The major component of the free amino acids of fresh shrimp was arginine followed by glycine, lysine, proline and alanine. These free amino acids contents were 70% of the total free amino acids. One hundred grams of fresh shrimp contained 1,198mg (dry basis) of the total free amino acids. However, for hot air and freeze dried cooked shrimps it was decreased down to 342mg (dry basis) and 503mg (dry basis), respectively. It might be due to the dissolution of soluble amino acids during cooking. Hot air-and freeze-dried fresh shrimps was higher in hardness and brittleness but lower in cohesiveness and gumminess than hot air-and freeze-dried ones with boiling and microwave heating. Freeze dried shrimp had softer myofibril texture than hot air dried one. At the same time, more dense and multiporous structure in the tissue could be obtained from the hot air and freeze drying, respectively, after microwave heating of shrimps.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2006

Physicochemical, texture, and sensory properties of Jeung-pyun prepared with different concentrations of Monascus rubber DSJ-20 (Red yeast rice) were determined. Acidities and pH values of 3-5% M. rubber DSJ-20-treated groups were similar to those of control group. Degree of surface color increased in proportion to M. rubber DSJ-20 concentration. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of 1-2% M. rubber DSJ-20-treated groups were higher than those of control. Network structures of 3-15% M. rubber DSJ-20-treated groups were well-formed, similar to that of control. Strong bitter taste and flavor of Monascus were detected in 5-15% M. rubber DSJ-20-treated groups through sensory evaluation. These results suggest is 3% M. rubber DSJ-20 is desirable leavening concentration for making Jeung-pyun.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.434-444
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• 2021

This study investigated the overall dependence of the tensile properties of Al-Si alloys on the distribution aspect of a eutectic Si particle in terms of defect susceptibility to the effective void area fraction, referring to the sum of pre-existing microvoids and the damage evolution of the Si particle. The network morphology of as-cast Al-xSi (x=2,5,8,11) alloys was modified to a granular type via a T4 treatment, after which a computational topography (CT) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations were utilized to evaluate the size and distribution of the microvoids. The CT and SEM analyses indicated that the main cracks grow along local regions that possess the highest porosity level. The local plastic deformation around the microvoids and the distribution aspect of the microvoids induced a practical difference between the iso-volumetric CT measurement and the SEM fractography outcomes. The results demonstrated that the overall dependence of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation on the effective void area fraction is more sensitive to the variation of the area fraction of the Si particle in the network morphology than in the granular type; this is due to the sequential damage evolution of the neighboring Si particles in the eutectic Si colony.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.563-582
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• 2000

Two Cretaceous(80-90 Ma) non-marine sedimentary basins, Namyang and Tando Basins, are distributed in the Namyang area, Hwaseonggun and in the Tando area, Ansanshi, Kyungki Province, Korea. The Namyang and Tando Basins are composed of 10 facies, which are pooped into 5 facies associations(FA). FA I consists of massive conglomerate facies, normally graded conglomerate facies and reversely graded conglomerate facies, which is interpreted to have been formed by laminated sandstone facies, massive conglomerate facies(channelized), which is thought to have been formed by sheet flow, stream flow and suspension sedimentation in an alluvial/braided plain environment. FA III consists of massive mudstone(pebbly) facies, laminated mudstone facies, massive sandstone facies and is interbedded by channel-fill conglomerate. It is interpreted to have been deposited by suspension settling during flooding and channel-fill deposition in a floodplain environment. FA IV consists of massive conglomerate facies, normally graded conglomerate facies, massive sandstone facies, normally graded sandstone facies, and laminated sandstone facies and is interbedded with mudstone facies. It is thought to have been deposited by debris flow and turbidity current in a fan-delta environment. FA V consists of massive mudstone facies, laminated mudstone facies, laminated sandstone facies and is interbedded by massive conglomerate bed. It is thought to have been formed by suspension sedimentation and low-density turbidity current in a lake. In the Namyang Basin FA I is distributed in the eastern and southern margin of the basin, FA II in the middle part of the basin as north-south tending band. and FA III in the western part. In the Tando Basin FA II is distributed in the middle part of eastern margin and in the northwestern margin, FA IV in the southwestern part, and FA V in the central part. Correlation of the facies associations shows that FA I and II in the Namyang Basin are distributed in the lower to middle part of stratigraphic sequence and FA III in the upper part of the sequence whereas FA II and IV in the Tando Basin are in the lower to middle part and FA V in the upper part of the sequence. These patterns of facies associations distribution suggest that the Namyang Basin was developed as an alluvial fan and alluvial/braided plain at first and then evolved into a floodplain whereas the Tando Basin was developed as a fan-delta and alluvial/braided plain at first and then evolved into a lake environment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1998

A 12-year-old girl with a 6 year history of childhood-onset schizophrenia required 2 hospitalizations and long-term clozapine trial due to inadequate responses to combinations of typical neuroleptics and traditional treatments of schizophrenic disorder. On admission, she had continuous auditory and visual hallucinations, persecutory delusion, emotional instability, regression of behaviors including temper tantrums as well as specific developmental delays in learning, language, and motor coordination. The clozapine trial significantly reduced most of the positive symptoms, and facilitated in successful discharge from the hospital. During the 4 year clozapine treatment, no significant adverse reactions were noted, and she returned to a structured school setting with minimal degrees of schizophrenic symptoms. From this clinical experience, we suggest that clozapine might be safe and effective in treating treatment-refractory schizophrenic children.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2000

For replacing Li metal at Lithium ion Battery(LIB) system, we used carbon powder material which prepared by Pyrolysis of Phenol resin as starting material. It became amorphous carbon by Pyrolysis through it's self condensation by thermal treatment. Amorphous carbon can be doped with Li intercalation and deintercalation because it has wide interlayer. However, it has a problem with structural destroy due to weak carbon-carbon bond. So, we used $ZnCl_2$ as the pore-forming agent. This inorganic salt was used together with the resin serves not only as the pore-forming agent to form open pores, which grow into a three-dimensional network structure in the cured material, but also as the microstructure-controlling agent to form a loose structure doped with bulky dopants. We used SEM in order to find to difference of structure, and can calculate the distance of interlayer by XRD analysis. CV test showed oxidation and reduction.