• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.499-511
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to find out effect of the orthographic representation on speech sound segmentation performance. Children's performances of the orthographic representation task and the speech sound segmentation task had positive correlation in words of phoneme-grapheme correspondence and negative correlation in words of phoneme-grapheme non-correspondence. In the case of words of phoneme-grapheme correspondence, there was no difference in performance ability between orthographic representation high level group and low level group, while in the case of words of phoneme-grapheme non-correspondence, the low level group's performance was significantly better than the high level group's. The most frequent errors of both groups were orthographic conversion errors and such errors were significantly more noticeable in the high level group. This study suggests that from the time of learning orthographic knowledge, children utilize orthographic knowledge for the performance of phonological awareness tasks.

• MALSORI
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• no.40
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• pp.91-104
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• 2000

생성음운론의 입장에서 본 Hyman 가설을 적용할 때 영어와 한국어에 공통으로 나타나는 영어 분절음 $/p^h,{\;}t^h,{\;}k^ h/$는 한국어 화자에게서 그대로 인식되며, 영어에는 있지만 한국어에 없는 /f, v, $\theta$/는 관련 음운 규칙이 적용되어 한국어음과 유사하게 된 $[/p^h]$], [p], [s]로 각각 인식된다고 설명했다. 이와 같은 Hyman 가설의 적용은 /f, v, $\theta$/가 왜 한국어에서 존재하지 않고 관련 음운규칙이 적용된 형태로 나타나는 지에 대한 이유를 제시하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 그러나 최적성 이론에서는 입력형에서 모든 분절음을 받아들이고 언어간 제약등급의 차이로 /f, v, $\theta$/와 같은 분절음이 한국어에서 나타나지 않고 [p, t, k]로 나타난다고 설명하였다. 따라서 최적성 이론은 영어 분절음이 한국어에서 나타나는 다양한 양상을 적절히 설명할 수 있음을 보여 주고 있다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2009

This paper is to develop the Korean Phonotactic Probability Calculator (KPPC) that anticipates the phonotactic probability in Korean. KPPC calculates the positional segment frequecncy, position-specific biphone frequency and position-specific triphone frequency. And KPPC also calculates the Neighborhood Density that is the number of words that sound similar to a target word. The Phonotactic Calculator that was developed in University of Kansas can be analyzed by the computer-readable phonemic transcription. This can calculate positional frequency and position-specific biphone frequency that were derived from 20,000 dictionary words. But KPPC calculates positional frequency, positional biphone frequency, positional triphone frequency and neighborhood density. KPPC can calculate by korean alphabet or computer-readable phonemic transcription. This KPPC can anticipate high phonotactic probability, low phonotactic probability, high neighborhood density and low neighborhood density.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2022

This study identifies distinguishing features and variability of intonation patterns in Korean phonological phrases. Syllable count and segmental content, which are phonological conditions, of the intonation of phonological phrases were examined. Based on the four syllables, the intonation of a phonological phrase can be set to LHLH as the basic form, and syllable count acts as a condition for making a variation. The "3 syllables or less condition" changes the intonation from a curved line to a straight line. Variation occurs in pitch bandwidth and fluctuation according to segmental content. The first segment affects the phonological phrase formation bandwidth, and the following segment affects the pitch fluctuation. If the first segment has [+aspirate], [+tense], [+continuant], the intonation is formed in the high band, otherwise, it is formed in the low band. If the second or after segment in the intonation realized in the high band has [-aspirate], [-tense], [-continuant], the pitch is lowered to the lowest level of the low bandwidth. In the intonation realized in the low band, [+aspirate], [+tense], [+continuant] is blocked by the second descent of LHLH.

• MALSORI
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• no.43
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• pp.163-178
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• 2002

In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of Segmental-Feature HMM and summarize previous studies of SFHMM. There are several approaches to reduce the number of parameters in the previous studies. However, if the number of parameters decreased, the performance of systems also fell. Therefore, we consider the fast computation approach with preserving the same number of parameters. In this paper, we present the new segment comparison method to speed up the computation of SFHMM without loss of performance. The proposed method uses the three-frame calculation rather than the full(five) frames in the given segment. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed system is better than that of the previous studies.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.3-20
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a segmentation unit for a Korean noun is a 'syllable' and whether the process of segmenting spoken words occurs at the lexical level. A syllable monitoring task was administered which required participants to detect an auditorily presented target from visually presented words. In Experiment 1, syllable neighborhood density of high frequency words which can be segmented into both CV-CVC and CVC-VC were controlled. The syllable effect and the neighborhood density effect were significant, and the syllable effect emerged differently depending on the syllable neighborhood density. Similar results were obtained in Experiment 2 where low frequency words were used. The significance of word frequency effect on syllable effect was also examined. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that the segmentation unit for a Korean noun is indeed a 'syllable', and this process can occur at the lexical level.

• MALSORI
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• no.46
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• pp.127-143
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• 2003

This paper presents segmental labeling conventions proposed by SiTEC (Speech Information Technology Engineering Center) 2002 and proposes a new directions of a revision for a simpler version. The paper also reviews one of the prosody labelling conventions for Korean, K-ToBI convention(ver. 3.1) and proposes a couple of modifications and suggestions.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.248-248
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• 1997

오늘날 영어교육은 교과과정령에 엄연히 명시된 네 가지 기능(four skills) 즉 듣기, 말하기, 원기, 쓰기라는 정당하고도 보편 타당성 있는 명분 하에 어떻게 가르쳐 왔는가 를 반문해 보면 많은 아쉬움이 남는다. 그간 6년간의 중등과정, 심지어는 대학에서 환 두해까지 영어를 이수한 사람틀 중에는 문자를 통해서는 상당한 수준, 그것도 영어 토박이들조차 놀랄 정도의 영어를 이해하지만, 소리를 통해 들을 때는 ---말하는 것은 두말 할 것도 없고---아주 간단한 내용의 영어조차 알아듣기 힘든 경험을 한 사람이 많다는 것은 부인할 수 없는 사실이다. 그 이유는 명백하다. 즉, 문자를 대할 때는 시각적 자극의 형태가 두뇌 속에 저장된 정보---가공할 문법적 지식---와 일치하기 때문에 쉽게 이해를 할 수 있는 반면, 소리를 들을 때는 청각적 자극의 형태가 두뇌 속에 저장된 정보---극히 불완전한 발음사전, 또는 모국어의 음운체계에 의한 영어발음--- 와 차이가 있기 때문일 것이다. 그러므로 적어도 말소리를 매체로 하는 의사소통에 있어서는 영어의 본토박이 발음을 정확히, 아니면 적어도 매우 근접하게 나마 터득하여(습관화하여)두뇌에 저장하는 일이 가장 중요한 일이다. 따라서 영어교사는 모국어의 음운체계에 대한 정확하고도 상세한 지식을 토대로 하여 영어의 음운체계와 '언어학적으로 의미 있는 (linguistically significant)' 대초분석의 방법으로 발음을 지도한다면 보다 나은 학습효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다. 일반적으로 모국어의 발음이 외국어의 발음에 간섭을 유발하는 경우는 다음과 같다. 1. 분절음체계가 서로 다를 때 2. 한 언어의 음소가 다른 언어의 이음(allophone)일 때 3. 유사한 음의 조음장소와 방법 이 다를 때 4. 분절음의 분포 또는 배열이 다를 때 5. 음운현상이 다를 때 6. 언어의 리듬이 다를 때 위의 여섯 가지 경우를 중심으로 영어와 한국어의 발음특성을 대조하여 '낯선 말투(foreign accent)' 또는 발음오류를 최소로 줄이는 것이 영어교사의 일차적인 목표이다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate regional differences in the development of speech production in Korean children. A total of 619 children aged 2 to 7 years from the Jeolla, Seoul/Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Gyeongsang areas were included in this study. The subjects were assessed with the UTAP2 word-level test. In PWC, PMLU, and PWP, the performance was significantly lower in Gyeongsang at 2 years 11 months and in Jeolla and Chungcheong at 3 years 5 months than in Seoul/Gyeonggi. The total PCC of Gyeongsang and Chungcheong and UTAP PCC of Chungcheong were significantly lower at 2 years 11 months compared with those of Seoul/Gyeonggi, while Jeolla and Chungcheong showed significantly lower total PCC and UTAP PCC than Seoul/Gyeonggi at 3 years 5 months. However, no regional difference was observed in any indicators after the age of 3 years 6 months. These results suggest that there are regional differences in the ability to produce speech sounds at a very young age, and that the differences can be explained by the differences between Seoul/Gyeonggi and the other provinces rather than by the individual characteristics of specific regions.

• MALSORI
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• no.62
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• pp.113-131
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• 2007

It is reported that the segmental feature based recognition system shows better results than conventional feature based system in the previous studies. On the other hand, the various studies of combining neural network and hidden Markov models within a single system are done with expectations that it may potentially combine the advantages of both systems. With the influence of these studies, tandem approach was presented to use neural network as the classifier and hidden Markov models as the decoder. In this paper, we applied the trend information of segmental features to tandem architecture and used posterior probabilities, which are the output of neural network, as inputs of recognition system. The experiments are performed on Auroral database to examine the potentiality of the trend feature based tandem architecture. From the results, the proposed system outperforms on very low SNR environments. Consequently, we argue that the trend information on tandem architecture can be additionally used for traditional MFCC features.