• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.31-53
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• 2013

In the early twentieth century, history of animation began by modern artists, they produced various experimental images with the newly invented film and cameras. Artists in the field of movie, photography, paintings and others manipulated images in motion. But as some animated movies won industrial success and popularity, they became the trend but experimental style of early animation preserved by so-called non-mainstreamers or experimental animators, counteracting commercialism. Disney animation also followed the trend by applying realistic Hollywood film style, the worse critics placed a low value on the animation and it tarnished the image, although it was profitable investment from a business standpoint. To make images realistic, they opened a drawing class that animators developed skills to imitate motions and forms from subjects in real life. Also some techniques and gizmos were used to mimic and simulate three dimensional objects and spaces, multiplane camera and compositing 3D CG images with 2D drawings. Moreover, they brought animation stories from fairly tales or folk tales, and Walt's personal interest in live-action movies, they applied Hollywood-film-like narratives and realistic visual, and harsh criticism ensued. On the surface early disney animations' potential seems to be weakened, but in reality it still exists by simplifying and exaggerating forms and color as modern arts. Disney animation employs concepts of the modernism paintings such as simplified shapes and colors to a character design, when their characters are placed together in a scene, that visual elements cause mental reaction. This modification gives a new internal experience to audiences. As conceptual colors in abstract paintings make images appeared to be flat, coloring characters with no shading make them look flat and comparing to them, background images are also appeared to be flat. On top of that, multi-perspective at background images recalls modernist paintings. This essay goes in details with the animation pioneers' works and how Disney animation developed its techniques to emulate real life and analyses color schemes, forms, and spaces in Disney animation compared with modern artists' works, in that the visual language of Disney animation reminds of impression from abstract paintings in the beginning of the twentieth centuries.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.477-496
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• 2015

Emotional awareness is the image of a person is represented by different tendencies. Currently, the emotion computing to objectively evaluate the emotion recognition research is being actively studied. However, existing emotional computing research has many problems to run. First, the non-objective in emotion recognition if it is inaccurate. Second, the correlation between the emotion recognition is unclear points. So to test the regularity of image sensitivity to the need of the present study is to control emotions in the computing system. In addition, the screen number of the emotion recognized for the purpose of this study, applying the method of objective image emotional computing system and compared with a similar degree of emotion of the person. The key features of the image emotional computing system calculates the emotion recognized as numbered digital form. And to study the background of emotion computing is a key advantage of the effect of the James A. Russell for digitization of emotion (Core Affect). Pleasure emotions about the core axis (X axis) of pleasure and displeasure, tension (Y-axis) axis of tension and relaxation of emotion, emotion is applied to the computing research. Emotional axis with associated representative sensibility very happy, excited, elated, happy, contentment, calm, relaxing, quiet, tired, helpless, depressed, sad, angry, stress, anxiety, pieces 16 of tense emotional separated by a sensibility ComputingIt applies. Course of the present study is to use the color of the color key elements of the image computing formula sensitivity, brightness, and saturation applied to the sensitivity property elements. Property and calculating the rate sensitivity factors are applied to the importance weight, measured by free-level sensitivity score (X-axis) and the tension (Y-axis). Emotion won again expanded on the basis of emotion crossed point, and included a representative selection in Sensibility size of the top five ranking representative of the main emotion. In addition, measuring the emotional image of a person with 16 representative emotional score, and separated by a representative of the top five senses. Compare the main representative of the main representatives of Emotion and Sensibility people aware of the sensitivity of the results to verify the similarity degree computing emotion emotional emotions depending on the number of representative matches. The emotional similarity computing results represent the average concordance rate of major sensitivity was 51%, representing 2.5 sensibilities were consistent with the person's emotion recognition. Similar measures were the degree of emotion computing calculation and emotion recognition in this study who were given the objective criteria of the sensitivity calculation. Future research will need to be maintained weight room and the study of the emotional equation of a higher concordance rate improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.724-726
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• 2005

지금까지의 컴퓨터 그래픽스의 방향은 사진과 유사하게 표현하는 Photorealism이 강세였으나, 최근 각종 기술문서나 의학, 교육등 많은 분야에서 사진과 같은 컴퓨터 그래픽스보다는 사물의 특징을 강조하고, 불필요한 부분을 생략해서 표현하는 비사실적 렌더링(Non-Photorealistic Rendering)분야가 새롭게 떠오르고 있다. 비실사기법을 통해 생성된 이미지는 사물의 특징을 부각시켜 시현함으로서 사진과 같은 사실적인 묘사보다는 사물의 특징을 통한 의미전달에 초점을 둔 렌더링 기법이라 할 수 있다. 비실사기법에는 수채화, 수묵화, 유화, 목탄화, 데생과 같은 미술기법과 만화와 같이 표현하는 Cartoon Rendering등 다양한 분야가 있지만 본 논문에서는 모든 그림의 기본 요소가 되는 정을 이용하여 사물을 표현하는 점묘법을 적용한 비실사기법에 대해서 이미 발표된 논문을 살펴보고, 새로운 기법을 제안하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2008.06c
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• pp.425-428
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• 2008

모바일기기에 탑재되어있는 디지털 카메라의 성능이 향상됨에 따라 이를 이용한 사진의 촬영 및 수집이 용이해졌으며, 따라서 사용자 로그정보를 이용하여 방대한 양의 사진을 분석하거나 브라우징해주는 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 모바일기기의 불확실한 로그정보와 사진 주석정보를 베이지안 네트워크로 모델링하여 사용자가 겪은 이벤트들을 추론하고 사용자의 일과를 요약해주는 방법을 제안한다. 우선 사진들을 시간과 위치정보에 따라 분할하여 사진그룹목록을 생성하고, 이를 모바일기기에 입력되어있는 사용자의 일정목록과 합하여 임시이벤트목록을 생성한다. 그 뒤 베이지안 네트워크를 이용하여 각 이벤트를 인식하고 이를 가장 잘 나타내는 사진을 선택한다. 제안하는 방법은 선택된 사진들을 나열하여 사진다이어리형식으로 사용자의 일과를 요약하여주며, 이때 특정 이벤트와 매치되는 사진이 없을 경우 미리 정의되어있는 만화 컷을 대신 사용하여 내용이 매끄럽게 이어지도록 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.789-792
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• 2002

컴퓨터 기술의 발달에 따라서 최근 애니메이션이 학계나 산업계의 주목을 받고 있다. 결코 예술로서는 존중받고 있지 않으나 늘 가까이 두는 기호 식품처럼 애니메이션은 예술성이나 문화성과는 별개로 자연스럽게 두터운 매니아 계층을 확보하고 있다. 이러한 환경아래서 애니메이션과 웹과의 결합은 앞으로 영상매체나, 영화, 광고, 텔레비젼 등의 시장을 쉽게 석권하리라고 생각된다. 이러한 애니메이션 필요성에 따라서 국내에서도 이와 관련된 학과들이 수없이 많이 생겨나고 있으나 애니메이션 제작에 대한 디지털 컨텐츠가 매우 부족해서 수 작업이나 과거 만화 애니메이션 형태에 국한하고 있는 곳이 대부분이다. 본 논문은 이러한 점에 착안해서 애니메이션에 가장 기본적인 동작인 "다양한 동물의 움직임", "인물표현과 동작", "자연현상", 등의 원시자료와 기본이미지, 애니메이션 과정 등을 수록한 디지털 애니메이션 모델을 선계하고 구현하였다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.165-178
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• 2009

Everybody recognizes importance of characters in theater animation that directly influence audiences through narrative structure. However, it is very difficult to make one. This study is about this process that creates characters. This study derived what common points were involved in analysis data of major/supporting characters' formative characteristics in various studies related to animation characters. Then, based on the data, this study analyzed how major/supporting characters were transformed to animation characters in the scenes that were animated at the beginning and end of film that were released in 2007. Finally, this study investigated the process of character creation using portrait based on the analyzed data. Although this study tried to approach to character creation objectively using objective data rather than subjective judgment of the researcher, the researcher recognizes that subjective thoughts could not be completely excluded since it is done by man's hands. However, this author sincerely hopes that this research can be a great help in producing animation characters through understanding form factors of images that makes character for short film producers who suffered from slow work process due to difficulty in creating characters or authors who failed to complete satisfactory work as they could not find slight difference in character modification.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.36-41
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• 2002

Generally, cartoon images are simple and involve a small number of colors and often include large homogeneous regions with same color or gradient. In this paper, effective compression method for complementary quadtree was suggested for cartoon images, by using those properties. And with progressive transmission, this method involves a progressive increase in the image resolution at the receiver from a lower to a higher resolution during the transmission of data. This is an effective way of using a limited transmission channel, because, after estimating the value of the data in the early transmission period, a decision can be made whether or not to proceed with the transmission of the remaining part. Since the proposed method is lossless and involves progressive transmission, it was compared with progressive PNG and progressive GIF, which had same functions.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.11
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• pp.41-53
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• 2007

Due to the development of digital cinema, Animations are no longer a peripheral part of movies and become major role in making films, including live action movies. This kind of change makes the distinctive line between animations and live action movies vague. In order to prevent such side-effect, this study is aimed at building solid territory again between the two by reviewing the difference and, based on it, looking for effective cinematic techniques to produce synthesized and digitalized images. First of all, consideration on mise-en-scene is crucially required to tell this line. The mise-en-scene is a director's own unique style in making films. In other words, it is a symbol expressed by him/her. With the mise-en-scene, competitive directors explore huge possibility of image expression and know how to use it audiences can understand. Therefore, I look into a set of studies on the mise-en-scene and methodological problems because it is thought that the mise-en-scene is an important element to distinguish way of expression in animations, live action movies and digital cinema. In addition, owing to these fundamental differences, both movies have their own limitation on representation even though they imitate it each other. Synthesized images produced by both representation may not overcome that limitation and even worse bring up the lack of expression and the increase on unfamiliarity, which reduce audiences' interest. But ironically speaking, digital cinema accept each representation. And it serves as hindrance to narrative's delivery not to balance each of it. Therefore, digital cinema that integrate animations and live action movies should keep an eye on the overuse of images and pursue balanced mise-en-scene.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.44
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• pp.211-233
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• 2016

Fairy tales starting with the phrase 'Once upon a time' have been told throughout generations to generations. These stories of the past started with the history of mankind, and are constantly recreated under the names of legends, fables and myths. Through understanding the archetypes frequently occurring in legends and story telling techniques used to visualize them, the possibility of better recreation of stories and animations are sought. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the original form of archetypical Jeju epic dance lyrics are adjusted accordingly to meet the author's intention as it transforms into the modern animation 'Oneuli' By this comparative analysis, the utilization of archetypes and mythic motifs in the creation of animation are expected to enhance the interactions with the audiences beyond the border and age.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.44
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• pp.285-306
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• 2016

With the increase use of smartphones, users can consume contents such as webtoon, webnovel and TV drama directly provided by the producers. In this Direct-to-Consumer era, webdrama services from the portal websites are increasing rapidly. Webdramas such as , , and can be analyzed in real time using responses such as unique users, likes, and comments. The analyses used in this research were Social Media Big Data Mining Method and Opinion Mining Method. Specific key words from webdrama can be extracted and viewers positive, neutral or negative emotion can be predicted from the words. The analyses of popular webdramas showed that the established K-Pop Idol member appearance and servicing portal site greatly influence the views, traffics, comments, and likes. Also, 'Mobile TV' proved the effectiveness as another platform other than television. Mobile targeted contents and robust business models still to be developed and identified. Overcoming these few tasks, Korea will be proven to be a webdrama content powerhouse.